Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of intake of potassium salts for 21-28 days on the glucose tolerance of 10 elderly subjects with clear diabetes were examined by means of the Tolbutamide test (TT) and the i.v. glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Improvement in tolerance, to the extent of a reduction in glycaemic levels and better coefficients, was observed in all values of the two tests and in basal glycaemia values, with constantly significant differences at statistical examination. In a group of 4 cases in which Tolbutamide treatment was suspended for the same period, this improvement in the Tolbutamide Test was not observed. With this second confirmation of the initial hypothesis, the pathogenetic significance and biological relevance of potassium depletion in senile diabetes and generally, in the ageing process, are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Potassium depletion. Glucose intolerance. Senile diabetes. A study of possible pathogenetic relations. 2]. 92 12

The response of plasma insulin concentration to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and to the maximum stimulatory effect obtained with administration of glucose, glucagon and tolbutamide was studied in 24 siblings of diabetic children and in ten obese children. Five siblings of patients with diabetes sound to have chemical diabetes had hyperinsulinism during the OGTT. Serum insulin concentrations during the maximum stimulation of the beta cells in the children with chemical diabetes, although diminished at 15 minutes, were considered not significantly different from controls. Obese children had hyperinsulinism during the OGTT and the maximum stimulation of the beta cell. The data suggest that hyperinsulinism may precede or accompany carbohydrate intolerance in siblings of diabetic children.
 ...
PMID:Maximum stimulation of insulin secretion in children with chemical diabetes and obesity. 94 38

The in vivo and in vitro effects of PGA1 on glucose utilization were investigated in normal rats and in rats with alloxan-diabetes (50 mg/kg i.v. administered 48 hrs before experiment). The animals were divided into two groups. The first group -- which included both normal and diabetic animals -- was submitted to an IVGIT after a 12-h fast and during a sodium chloride infusion. In the second group -- which equally included normal and diabetic rats -- the same GTT was performed during a sodium chloride infusion in which PGA1 had been diluted, so that a dose of 0.5 g/kg/min was administered. This dose is devoid of any effect on cardiovascular activity. For in vitro experiments, glucose utilization was studied in the rat diaphragm incubated with insulin (200 muU/ml) and PGA1 (10 and 100 ng): results demonstrated that PGA1 enhances the insulin effect on glucose utilization and the enhancement is dose-dependent. The same results were observed also in the in vivo experiments: in normal rats PGA1 really improves glucose utilization without any interference with insulin secretion from B-cells. On the other hand, PGA1 has no effect on this utilization in diabetic rats. From our experiments it can therefore be concluded that PGA1 improves glucose utilization, showing a synergic action with the increased quantity of insulin secreted in response to a glucose load. No effect is noted when insulin secretion from B-cells is reduced or absent.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:In vivo and in vitro experiments on relationships between PGA1 and glucose utilization. 97 68

A peculiar involvement of the interphalangeal joints of both hands with palmar flexion of the fingers has been observed in 11 insulin-treated, nonrheumatoid, juvenile diabetics. The onset of diabetes occurred between 1 and 12 years of age. Painless deformities of the fingers with progressive stiffness and impaired extension started 4 to 10 years later. One patient complained of articular pain and swelling. X-ray and circulatory changes were absent or minimal. Prepubertal patients showed delayed puberty and stunted growth, adult patients had normal sexual development. Rheumatic or rheumatoid signs were absent. Electromyography showed minor abnormalities of the motor units, normal or subnormal motor nerve conduction velocity, increased median nerve terminal latency, in the absence of muscular atrophy or thickening of palmar tendons. Vibratory sensitivity was impaired in 1 subject. Juvenile cheiroarthropathy is associated with: a) early onset and poor control of diabetes; b) stunted growth; c) hepatomegaly; d) delayed puberty; e) long standing administration of insulin. The articular changes are distinct from previously known forms of "diabetic hand", such as atrophic neuropathy, osteoarthropathy, Dupuytren's contracture, carpal tunnel syndrome.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Juvenile diabetic cheiroarthropathy. 97 70

The Somogyi phenomenon or effect is a paradoxical situation of insulin-induced post-hypoglycemic hyperglycemia. The historical aspects of this phenomenon and the subsequent hypotheses and controversy are reviewed. The clinical situation is explained, with regard to its recognition, management and importance as an etiological factor in "brittle" diabetes. Hormone immunoassay techniques at present show human growth hormone (HGH) to be the major consequence of insulin-induced hypoglycemia leading to post-hypoglycemia glucose intolerance, but further studies will probably show glucagon to have a major role.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:The Somogyi phenomenon. A short review. 97 71

The insulinogenic function of the pancreatic islets was assessed by the use of tolbutamide stimulation in 25 children with hyposomatotrophic dwarfism (HSD). The authors suggest that the low insulin release and/or synthesis is responsible for slight growth response of these children to HGH treatment. There may also be a causative relation between this low insulin response and the tendency of children with HSD to develop diabetes after HGH treatment.
 ...
PMID:Glycemia and plasma IRI level after tolbutamide in hyposomatrophic dwarfs treated with HGH. 97 30

A case of a 26-year old woman suffering from an insulin resistant diabetes mellitus for 14 years is described. Acanthosis nigricans was diagnosed in the patient's second year and the syndrome of Stein-Leventhal at the age of 15. Diabetes could not be properly controlled either with the daily dosis of insulin as high as 1140 U or with peroral tolbutamide. Fasting serum IRI concentrations were elevated, the secretoric response to the stimulation by glucose or tolbutamide was substantial and protracted. The hypoglycemic response to the i.v. application of commercial insulin was insignificant. Serum growth hormone levels were normal. No presence of insulin antibodies in the serum was detected.
 ...
PMID:Insulin resistant diabetes mellitus without the presence of insulin antibodies. A case report. 97 12

Inhibition of protein synthesis is one of the few side effects of sulfonylureas and biguanides. Regarding our results obtained with hepatic polyribosomes from diabetic and from control animals, with ribosomes directed by polyuridylic acid as a synthetic messenger, and by centrifugation of the ribosomes through sucrose gradients there is evidence of a direct inhibiting effect of tolbutamide on liver ribosomes. The effect of butyl-biguanide depends on the system used for in vitro protein synthesis. While it is inhibiting protein synthesis of normal liver ribosomes regardless of the attached messenger, it stimulates the incorporation of amino acids by ribosomes from diabetic rats directed by endogenous or by synthetic messengers. The specific pattern of ribosomal distribution in sucrose gradients is unchanged by the administration of tolbutamide to the animal prior to its decapitation. However, butyl-biguanide leads to reduction of the polyribosomal portion of liver ribosomes from normal animals while it is without any furhter effect on the amount of polyribosomes already reduced in diabetes mellitus.
 ...
PMID:[On the influence of oral antidiabetics on protein biosynthesis in vitro (author's transl)]. 98 29

On the basis of data from pertinent literature and of a thorough examination of 23 cases observed by himself the author illustrates findings concerned the occurrence, clinical picture and interrelations of clinical and radiological symptoms in diabetic osteoarthropathy. These alterations occur most frequently in middleaged or elderly diabetic patients with unstable metabolism or poor control, usually after a long duration of diabetes. Clinical symptoms are divided into 4 groups. Neurological symptoms (group I) are detectable at every stage of the process. Sometimes bone destruction is concomitant but neurological changes are the sole symptoms. Loose joints and articular swelling (group II) are frequently premonitory signs of bone alterations. Plantar ulcers (group III) are often associated with bone changes. Detectable foot deformities (group IV) are mostly an indication of the end stage of the process.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Clinical picture of diabetic osteoarthropathy. 102 Jun 8

Clofibrate 3 g/die for 10 consecutive days, significantly reduced arginine-induced IRI release in chemical diabetics and in normal controls, whether of normal body weight or obese. Blood glucose levels were not affected by clofibrate. In agreement with previous findings, it would appear that clofibrate, administered for short periods does not lead to a decrease in glucose tolerance. However, studies relating to the effect of chronic clofibrate administration in chemical diabetes are needed in order to be sure that prolonged inhibition of IRI secretion does not lead to overt diabetes.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Inhibitory effect of clofibrate on arginine-induced insulin secretion in chemical diabetes. 102 Jun 7


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>