Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 42 patients with GD, one had clinical diabetes and 10 had chemical diabetes (26%) when tested by OGTT. The insulinogenic index was lower in patients with chemical diabetes than in patients with normal OGTT. Among 19 patients with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, similarly tested, three had chemical diabetes (15%). In a prospective study of 29 patients with GD tested repeatedly, the incidence of diabetic OGTT increased significantly with age. As glucose tolerance deteriorated, the plasma insulin response was delayed and the insulinogenic index decreased. The carbohydrate tolerance was unrelated to weight, estrogen replacement therapy, chromosomal pattern, and GH response. In six GD cases studied at a 6 year interval, the tolerance to oral glucose decreased with time whereas glucose utilization following its intravenous injection or tolbutamide administration was only slightly diminished; the plasma insulin was reduced by approximately 50% in response to each of these stimulations. These studies suggest that carbohydrate intolerance is frequently associated with GD and is due to a diminished beta-cell function.
 ...
PMID:Carbohydrate tolerance in gonadal dysgenesis. 50 29

Glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were measured in 50 patients with clinically significant diabetic neuropathy. There were 24 males and 26 females with a mean age of 58.1 years and a mean duration of diabetes of 8.9 years. The glycosylated Hb concentration was not significantly different in these patients (13.9% +/- 2.4 SD) compared with randomly selected diabetic patients matched for age (+/- 5 years), sex and therapy without clinical evidence of neuropathy (13.6% +/- 2.2). There was no significant difference in the duration of diabetes between the two groups. The results would suggest that factors other than the degree of control of diabetes are important in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations in patients with diabetic neuropathy. 52 6

Detailed roengenological examinations of the esophagus were carried out in 110 diabetics and 130 controls. In 50 (45%) diabetic patients functional abnormalities were detected. Wavy esophageal contours, irregular spontaneous contractions and functional diverticula were observable. In diabetes, these changes occurred at an earlier age and more frequently than in controls. Esophageal transit time was markedly prolonged. The clinical symptoms of dysphagia were usually mild or absent. Diabetic dysphagia is one of the manifestations of diabetic visceral neuropathy. It is attributed mainly to the diabetic damage of the vagus nerve.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Esophageal dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. 52 9

We have studied the vesical function in 4 prediabetics, 11 latent diabetics, 11 recent onset insulin dependent diabetics and a control group of 6 normal individuals. We found in recent onset of diabetics disturbances of cystometric parameters in a statistically significant proportion. This proportion increases with the evolution of diabetes. The difference in sensitivity to cold water that we found betwee SDB and NBD was statistically significant, so the denomination 'hyposensitive bladder' is well applied in this fist phase of vesical neuropathy.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Study of bladder function in patients with prediabetes, latent diabetes, recent onset diabetes and juvenile diabetes. 52 7

Oral cortisone glucose tolerance tests were performed in 66 CS2-exposed workers and in 66 individually matched control subjects. Results indicate a higher and significant (p less than 0.001) prevalence of latent diabetes in the CS2-exposed group (72.7%) as compared with the control group (16.7%), and the existence of a positive and significant (p less than 0.001) correlation between blood glucose values and exposure index. Possible mechanisms of action involving zinc metabolism and pyridoxine metabolism are discussed.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Altered glucose tolerance in carbon disulfide exposed workers. 52 11

A group of 100 patients with juvenile diabetes, age at onset 1-15 years (7.1 +/- 3.9), was studied with reference to family history of diabetes (FHD), HLA-types, symptoms at onset of diabetes, and occurrence of partial postinitial remission. No significant relations were seen between HLA-types and FHD. Nor was there any correlation between FHD and age at onset of diabetes, severity of th disease at onset, or occurrence of remission. Patients with a dominant type of inheritance were insulin-dependent to the same extent as those with less pronounced or no known FHD. According to previous results, it is concluded that all children and adolescents with a newly diagnosed diabetes should receive insulin treatment immediately to minimize further loss of B-cell function.
Acta Diabetol Lat
PMID:Family history in classical juvenile onset diabetes in relation to severity of the disease. 55 Jun 72

The effect of 1 week clofibrate administration on glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose and to intravenous tolbutamide was evaluated in 21 patients with mild maturity-onset diabetes (fasting plasma glucose 108-152 mg/100 ml). After treatment, oral glucose tolerance and hypoglycaemic effect of tolbutamide were significantly improved; plasma insulin response was reduced after glucose and unmodified after tolbutamide; fasting plasma glucose was also significantly reduced. These findings did not correlate with the observed fall in serum lipids. Short-term clofibrate improves glucose metabolism in mild diabetes irrespective of its effects on lipid metabolism. It is suggested that the drug's action may be mediated by reduced insulin resistance.
 ...
PMID:Effect of short-term clofibrate on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in patients with mild maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. 55 85

This study was designed to focus on the genetic control of tolbutamide dispositon in humans and to provide insight into the potential for high accrued blood levels in individuals receiving fixed dosage regimens. Tolbutamide was administered intravenously to 42 nondiabetic subjects, eight of their relatives, and to five sets of twins. A ninefold variation in the rate of tolbutamide disappearance from plasms (Kd) was found. This variation was characterized by a trimodal frequency distribution, suggestive of monogenic inheritance and consistent with pedigree analysis, indicating autosomal transmission of rapid and slow inactivation of tolbutamide. A heritability value of 0.995 for Kd indicated little influence of environmental factors on variation of this rate. Interindividual differences in the binding of 35S-tolbutamide to serum proteins were also assessed. No correlation was found between tolbutamide serum protein binding affinity and Kd. Analysis of the metabolites of tolbutamide in urine samples provided evidence for the microsomal oxidation of the drug to hydroxytolbutamide as the primary site of genetic control. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for monogenic control of tolbutamide metabolism in man. The results suggest that fixed dosage regimens of this drug, as were prescribed in the controversial University Group Diabetes Program study, might lead to higher accrued blood levels in slow inactivators.
Diabetes 1979 Jan
PMID:Pharmacogenetics of tolbutamide metabolism in humans. 56 11

Endogenous insulin secretion after different stimuli was determined in insulin requiring diabetics without circulating insulin antibodies. Four groups of non-obese diabetics were investigated and compared with 111 controls. Group I: 14 patients with mild diabetes, not yet requiring insulin; diagnosis before the age of 30 years. Group II: 19 ketonuric patients just before being started on insulin treatment. Group III: 18 patients during remission after an average of 16.5 months' insulin treatment. Group IV: 13 patients with no remission period or relapse after an average of 19.5 months on insulin treatment. Blood glucose and immunoreactive insulin were measured during fasting and after iv secretin, iv tolbutamide, iv GTT, and oral GTT, followed by combined iv tolbutamide and glucagon stimulation. A considerable insulin secretion could be demonstrated in group I, whereas in group II only a very low insulin peak was obtained after secretin and the combined injection of glucagon and tolbutamide. In group III considerable insulin secretion was demonstrated, whereas in group IV only a very low insulin peak was obtained. A significant correlation between the degree of metabolic control and endogenous insulin secretion was found.
 ...
PMID:Insulin secretion in insulin-requiring diabetics before and during insulin treatment. 57 40

Sixty-seven mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), which seem to resemble the sand rats in the manifestation of diabetic syndrome, were used for observations on the development of diabetic process and on the effect of the long term administration of tolbutamide on it. The mean blood glucose (158.2 +/- 14.7 mg/100 ml), mean serum NEFA (0.70 +/- 0.34 mEq/l) and mean serum IRI (68.9 +/- 10.2 muU/ml) in mongolian gerbils were relatively higher than those in rats. Diabetes-like processes found in the pancreas of mongolian gerbils were roughly grouped into two main types: (1) the histopathological process in which the fibrosis, initially prominent at perivascular space, spread to the islets, finally producing the islet's cell degeneration, and (2) the process of diffuse islet's hyperplasia. These two processes were considered to differ from each other, the former being affected by tolbutamide and the latter remaining unaffected. After breeding on the diet containing 0.1 -0.2% tolbutamide for 6 months, there was a general inclination of an increase of cases of severe pathological findings, and the distribution probabilities of the cases carrying the severe fibrotic process in heart, that is, the process from endothelial cell swelling, medial fibrosis and obliterative changes in cardiac arteries which was resulting in the focal degeneration of cardiac muscle, was significantly higher than in the non-treated group. It was concluded that mongolian gerbil might be recommended as a model of experimental diabetes and that tolbutamide seemed to have some harmful effects on the diabetes-like process in mongolian gerbils.
 ...
PMID:Studies on diabetic syndrome and influences of long-term tolbutamide administration in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). 59 Feb


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>