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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of oral hypoglycemic agents to treat adult-onset diabetes has been implicated in an increased incidence of cardiovascular mortality. Since it is likely that altered arterial wall metabolism plays an important role in the atherogenic process and in cardiovascular disease, the primary aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro effects of two oral hypoglycemic agents (tolbutamide and glyburide) on glucose and acetate incorporation into aortic lipids of the dog. Tolbutamide resulted in a significantly increased incorporation of glucose in total lipids, phospholipids and fatty acids of aorta, but had no apparent effect on acetate incorporation into aortic lipids. In contrast, glyburide significantly decreased glucose incorporation into the total lipid, phospholipid and triglyceride fractions. Acetate incorporation into the triglyceride, free cholesterol, fatty acid and cholesterol ester fractions of aorta also was significantly decreased by glyburide. The data indicate that the oral hypoglycemic agents tolbutamide and glyburide can alter glucose and acetate utilization by arterial tissue. These observations on arterial lipid metabolism provide sufficient justification for further studies directed towards characterizing the effects of oral hypoglycemic agents on the various aspects of arterial wall metabolism.
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PMID:Effects of tolbutamide and glyburide on glucose and acetate incorporation into aortic lipids of the dog. 677 63

The efficacy of treatment with an aldose reductase inhibitor (1,3-dioxo-1 H-benz-de-isoquinoline-2(3H)-acetic acid, AY-22,284, Alrestatin) on peripheral nerve function in diabetic polyneuropathy was assessed. Thirty patients with long-standing diabetes and slight to moderate neuropathy participated in the double-blind placebo trial. Clinical examination, sensory threshold determinations for vibratory, tactile and thermal stimuli, conduction velocity measurements and studies of automatic function were performed to evaluate the treatment. Significant differences favouring Alrestatin over placebo were found for many of the measured variables, whereas no changes occurred on placebo. The apparent improvement of neuropathy occurred despite persisting hyperglycaemia. The results indicate that aldose reductase inhibitor treatment may be of value in diabetic polyneuropathy, and provide support for the sorbitol pathway hypothesis of diabetic polyneuropathy.
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PMID:Effects of aldose reductase inhibitor treatment in diabetic polyneuropathy - a clinical and neurophysiological study. 680 Dec 11

Immunoreactive neurotensin (IR-NT) content in 2 N acetic acid extracts of pancreas was measured in genetically diabetic (C57BL/KsJ db/db and ob/ob) and obese (C57BL/6J ob/ob and db/db) mice and normal littermate controls from 5 to 24 wk of age to determine the relationship of any changes to the development of metabolic abnormalities. Pancreatic IR-NT in obese mice showed no consistent change compared with lean littermate controls. In contrast, diabetic mice demonstrated an increase in pancreatic IR-NT that occurred at 6-8 wk of age, and maximal about the time of islet B-cell failure (8-10 wk), and persisted over the study period. Pancreatic IR-NT eluted in two peaks on reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, one of which exhibited a retention time similar to that of synthetic NT. These findings suggest that pancreatic IR-NT concentration is regulated by insulin, with elevated levels occurring in association with insulin deficiency and its metabolic consequences but not with insulin resistance. Taken together with the previous demonstration that NT influences pancreatic islet hormone secretion, the present findings support a possible role of endogenous NT in islet hormone regulation.
Diabetes 1983 Jan
PMID:Immunoreactive neurotensin in the pancreas of genetically obese and diabetic mice. A longitudinal study. 684 97

The level of glycosylated albumin has been determined in the serum of normal and diabetic subjects after purification of the albumin to apparent homogeneity. The sugar was released from the albumin preparations as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) after 24 h of hydrolysis in 2 N acetic acid at 92 degrees C, and it was assayed by the thiobarbituric acid reaction. The mean value for glycosylated albumin, expressed as picomoles of HMF per nanomole of albumin, obtained from 10 normal control and 65 diabetic subjects, was 64 and 124, respectively. The level of glycosylated albumin correlates with the mean blood glucose concentration (n = 55, r = 0.715), but not with the fasting blood sugar concentrations. Moreover, a linear relationship was observed between the amounts of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAIa-c) and glycosyl-albumin (n = 74, r = 0.88). In an insulin-treated diabetic patient, there was a different temporal relationship between blood glucose concentrations and glycosylated hemoglobin and albumin levels. While HbAIa-c was lowered by only 15% after 20 days, glycosylated albumin had dropped by more than 50% during the same time. Our results indicate that glycosylated albumin might provide a valuable tool to assess the average blood sugar levels between shorter intervals, since the turnover of serum albumin is considerably faster than that of HbAIa-c.
Diabetes 1980 Jun
PMID:Increased glycosylation of serum albumin in diabetes mellitus. 699 33

The effects of varying concentrations of ethanol (1, 10, and 30 mM) and its metabolites (1 mM acetate and 1 and 10 mM acetaldehyde) on insulin and glucagon secretion induced by glucose (11.1 mM) and arginine (20 mM) were studied in isolated perfused pancreas of Sprague-Dawley rats. Ethanol and its metabolites did not significantly modify basal secretion of the two hormones. Ethanol reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion by means of a dose-related effect. Arginine-induced insulin output did not seem to be influenced to any significant degree. Acetate and acetaldehyde significantly inhibited glucose and arginine-induced insulin secretion. While ethanol (10 and 30 mM ) did not modify glucagon output during arginine perfusion, acetate and acetaldehyde markedly enhanced it. The block of insulin secretion and the increased secretion of glucagon could explain the diabetogenic effect of ethanol demonstrated in vivo. The mechanism by which ethanol acts on the pancreatic beta- and alpha-cells is discussed.
Diabetes 1981 Sep
PMID:Effect of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate on insulin and glucagon secretion in the perfused rat pancreas. 702 Dec 70

Olfactory sensitivity to acetic acid, isobutyric acid, and 2-sec-butyl-cyclohexanone was tested in 97 adult male twin pairs to determine the extent to which variation in odor perception was genetically determined. Analysis of the data revealed no evidence for heritability of olfactory sensitivity. However, factors significantly associated with odor perception included cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoking; body fatness; alcohol consumption; and diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Olfactory sensitivity in humans: genetic versus environmental control. 718 96

Chlorpropamide alcohol flushing (CPAF) in non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDs) has been reported to be associated with a lower tendency to develop late complications. The flush was thought to be mediated by enkephalins and prostaglandins. Early studies could not correlate CPAF to increased levels of acetaldehyde in blood and the flush was not regarded as an antabuse-like reaction. In this study, the increase of plasma acetaldehyde during the flush in 13 CPAF positive diabetics was significantly (P less than 0.005) higher than in the 13 CPAF negative diabetics during a CPAF challenge test. The increase of plasma acetaldehyde was reduced to the level of CPAF negative diabetics in three CPAF positive diabetics when they were exposed to alcohol without premedication with chlorpropamide and they did not flush. The normal breakdown of ethanol to acetic acid via acetaldehyde appears to be inhibited by chlorpropamide in the flushers. Acetaldehyde measurement is an objective method to study the chlorpropamide alcohol flush and it appears superior to the measurement of skin temperature.
Diabetes 1981 Sep
PMID:Increase of plasma acetaldehyde. An objective indicator of the chlorpropamide alcohol flush. 726 73

Synthetic arginine-vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OXY) and arginine-vasotocin (AVT) were labelled with radioiodine at a moderate specific activity. The purity of the labelled octapeptides was checked by descendent paper chromatography in butanol-acetic acid-water (4 : 1 : 5 v/v) after a double filtration on a Sephadex G-25 column of the labelling mixtures. The rabbit anti-AVP serum bound 125I--AVP, the highest binding belling observed on the descendent eluates from the Sephadex column. The antiserum is specific to AVP, no binding being observed will AVT or oxytocin. The sensitivity of a RIA system using 125I--AVP, commercial anti-AVP serum and polyethyleneglycol separation technique, was of 5 pg/ml in terms of AVP with a biological activity of 385 IU/mg. The validity of the assay was tested on five patients (two with diabetes inspidus (DI) and three with other endocrine diseases) submitted to dehydration of hydration tests.
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PMID:Labelling of octapeptide neurohormones for in vitro studies. Radioimmunologic assay for arginine-vasopressin. 729 46

The effects of diabetes on collagen cross-link formation and solubility were investigated in granulation tissue collagen induced by polyester fabric implanted subcutaneously in rats at the same time diabetes was produced by injection of streptozotocin. Thus, all the collagen analyzed was formed in a diabetic milieu. Ten days later the implants were removed and the total collagen content as well as the fraction soluble in 0.5 M acetic acid was determined. Predominantly type I collagen accumulated in the implants. Total collagen content was the same in diabetics and controls; however, the acid-soluble fraction in diabetic animals was only half that of controls (8.5% and 17.7%, respectively), and the ratio of beta chains to alpha chains in the acid-soluble fraction was higher in diabetics (0.89) than in controls (0.69). In animals treated with beta-aminopropionitrile or D-penicillamine the acid-soluble fraction of collagen from diabetics equaled that from controls. These observations indicate that both intramolecular and intermolecular cross-links are increased in type I collagen from diabetic animals. Since these cross-links interfere with degradation of collagen by collagenase, they may contribute to accelerated intimal sclerosis of arteries and to capillary basement membrane thickening in diabetes.
Diabetes 1980 Oct
PMID:Increased collagen cross-linkages in experimental diabetes: reversal by beta-aminopropionitrile and D-penicillamine. 743 37

Otitis externa and cerumen obturans are two of the most frequently encountered disturbances in the external auditory canal. Both conditions can lead to hearing loss due to reduced sound transmission. Other symptoms include ear pressure, pain and secretion. Acute otitis externa occurs frequently during the swimming season. The main symptoms are local pain and secretion. Treatment consists of careful and frequent cleaning and application of topical medication to the outer ear canal and prescription of medication against pain. Systemic antibiotics are only rarely necessary and are indicated if perichondritis or lymphadenitis are present. Chronic otitis externa is often caused by eczema of the outer ear canal. Allergies, systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, and manipulation by the patient must be ruled out. Therapy includes the application of topical steroid solutions. The natural pH of the skin can be reestablished by use of diluted acetic acid solutions. Blockage of the outer ear canal by cerumen [cerumen obturans] can bring the patient to the office because of sudden hearing loss. After cleaning of the ear canal, a screening hearing test should be performed to assure that the problem has been resolved.
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PMID:[Otitis externa and cerumen obturans]. 750 45


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