Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death in insulin-dependent diabetics, plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (an independent "negative" risk factor for ASCVD) have been reported to be normal or high. To test whether alterations in HDL composition might increase potential risk of insulin-dependent diabetics to ASCVD, their major constituent apolipoproteins, A-I and A-II, were measured and compared with levels in controls. HDL cholesterol levels were slightly higher (P = NS) in diabetics than in controls. The HDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol ratio (an inverse index of relative risk of developing ASCVD) was significantly higher in diabetic men than in controls (P less than 0.02). HDL composition differed markedly in diabetics and controls: the apolipoprotein A-I/A-II ratio was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in both diabetic men and women (diabetic men--4.1 +/- 0.5, mean +/- SD, controls 3.6 +/- 0.4; diabetic women--4.6 +/- 0.4, controls 3.9 +/- 0.5). Subsequent analysis of plasma from four patients by analytic ultracentrifugation demonstrated a high correlation (r = 0.993, P less than 0.01) between the apolipoprotein A-I/A-II ratio and HDL2, the cholesterol-rich lighter subclass of HDL thought to be the group of particles involved in reduced risk of ASCVD. Therefore, the alteration of HDL composition in insulin-dependent diabetics appears similar to that associated with reduced risk in nondiabetics. Thus, whether a genetic or acquired abnormality, the high apolipoprotein A-I/A-II ratio in insulin-dependent diabetics does not appear to counteract their increased risk of developing ASCVD.
Diabetes 1981 Feb
PMID:High density lipoprotein composition in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 678 57

The relationship of plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and A-II (the major apolipoproteins in HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose to microangiopathy was evaluated in 49 insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Although the HDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol ratio (a risk determinant for macroangiopathy) was lower in women with proteinuria, no other relationships between HDL cholesterol or the A apolipoproteins and renal microangiography were found. The only independent association between HDL and retinal microangiopathy was found in women, where an inverse correlation was found between the apo A-I/apo A-II ratio and the number of microaneurysms (rs = -0.561, P less than 0.05). Men showed strong relationships of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol to renal microangiopathy whereas women, in general, had stronger correlations of these variables with retinal microangiopathy. Thus, several alterations in lipoprotein cholesterol distribution and HDL composition are associated with diabetic microangiopathy. In addition, differences between sexes suggest that previously undescribed hormonal factors may influence the severity of this process.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Plasma lipids and microangiopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 704 28

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, and apo A-II levels were measured in 1,219 normal subjects with no clinical evidence of coronary artery disease, 81 subjects without diabetes but with "significant" coronary artery disease determined by coronary arteriography, and 151 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (48 with clinical coronary artery disease and 103 without such disease). In the normal subjects, apo A-II levels were less influenced by age, gender, and use of medications than were apo A-I or HDL-C levels. HDL-C, apo A-I, and apo A-II levels were significantly lower in subjects who had coronary artery disease with or without diabetes than in control subjects. After adjustments were made for age and sex, however, apo A-II levels were no longer significantly different between subjects with diabetes who had and those who did not have coronary artery disease. In subjects without diabetes, apo A-II may provide some advantages over apo A-I and HDL-C in the assessment of risk of coronary artery disease because it is influenced less by age, gender, and medications. In subjects with diabetes, however, apo A-II levels are similar in the presence or absence of coronary artery disease.
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PMID:Apolipoprotein A-II levels and coronary artery disease in subjects with and without diabetes: a study with use of a specific radioimmunoassay for apolipoprotein A-II. 849 40

On initial diagnosis or when metabolic control is poor, subjects with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus often exhibit decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, which have been associated in numerous studies in non-diabetic subjects with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. We measured the activities of plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), post-heparin lipoprotein lipase, and the composition of the HDL subfractions HDL2 and HDL3, in ten poorly controlled type 1 diabetic patients admitted to a metabolic ward (six women and four men, aged 18-37 years). The measurements were repeated after metabolic control had been optimised and again a week after discharge. The results were compared with those of ten healthy normolipidaemic subjects matched for age, sex and body mass. LCAT activity increased significantly (P < 0.05) with improved metabolic control in the diabetic patients, and showed positive within-person correlation with HDL2 cholesterol ester (r = 0.67; P < 0.01), HDL2 free cholesterol (r = 0.67; P < 0.01), phosphatidylcholine (r = 0.49; P < 0.05), total phospholipids (r = 0.50; P < 0.01) and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I: r = 0.72; P < 0.01). With improving metabolic control HDL2 lipid levels increased more than twofold and the compositional changes in HDL2 were reflected by an increased apo A-I:apo A-II ratio (P < 0.05) and a decreased triglyceride:apo A-I ratio (P < 0.05). Changes in HDL3 levels and composition were minor. The results of this study indicate that an increase in LCAT activity increases the concentration and changes the composition of HDL2 in type 1 diabetic patients with improved metabolic control.
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PMID:Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity and high-density lipoprotein subfraction composition in type 1 diabetic patients with improving metabolic control. 811 Oct 77

Six fractions of serum apolipoproteins (apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III and E) obtained from 100 patients with diabetes mellitus not administered any antihyperlipidemic drugs were measured to clarify the relationship between diabetes mellitus and the abnormal lipidosis. The serum concentrations of apolipoprotein B, C-II and C-III were significantly higher in these diabetics than in the controls (p < 0.05), and that of apolipoprotein E was significantly lower (p < 0.01). The serum concentrations of apolipoprotein C-II, C-III and E (p < 0.05) as well as HbA1C and FRA (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the insufficient control group (FPG > or = 140 mg/dl) of diabetes mellitus. The serum concentrations of apolipoprotein C-II, C-III and E were significantly higher in the treated groups (p < 0.05). The serum concentrations of apolipoprotein B, C-II, C-III and E were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the high cholesterol group (> 220mg/dl) and the high triglyceride group (> 150mg/dl) among the diabetic groups, but no significant differences were observed in the concentrations of apolipoprotein A-I and A-II.
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PMID:[Evaluation for serum apolipoproteins in patients with diabetes mellitus]. 813 26

Chronic renal failure (CRF) in nondiabetics is associated with a number of lipoprotein abnormalities that place these patients at high risk for atherosclerosis. This study compared the lipoprotein composition of nondiabetic controls (n = 68) with that of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ([IDDM] n = 13) and of patients with IDDM and CRF ([IDDM + CRF] n = 74). Six lipoprotein subfractions (very-low-density lipoprotein [VLDL], intermediate-density lipoprotein [IDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], high-density lipoprotein-light [HDL-L], HDL-medium [HDL-M], and HDL-dense [HDL-D]) were isolated by rapid gradient ultracentrifugation using a fixed-angle rotor. The apolipoprotein (by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]) and lipid (by enzymatic assays) composition of each subfraction was determined. The only abnormalities found in IDDM patients were increases in IDL and HDL-L triglyceride (TG) levels and an increase in the HDL-L free cholesterol (FC) level. The IDDM + CRF group had multiple abnormalities including (1) elevated TG, apolipoprotein (apo) C-II, and apo C-III levels in all lipid subfractions; (2) elevated VLDL and IDL apo B, TG, FC, cholesterol ester (CE), and phospholipid (PL) levels (with an increased CE/TG ratio in VLDL only); (3) decreased HDL-M apo A-I, apo A-II, CE, and PL levels, but an increased HDL-D apo A-I level; and (4) decreased lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity. Twenty-five of the IDDM + CRF patients underwent combined pancreas and kidney (P + K) transplantation, and 12 patients received only a kidney transplant. Lipoprotein composition was determined at 3, 6, and 12 months posttransplant. Both types of transplantation resulted in similar alterations in lipoprotein composition, even though there was essential normalization of blood glucose levels in most of the patients who received a pancreas transplant (hemoglobin A1C [HbA1C], 9.1% +/- 1.1% v 5.7% +/- 0.3% at 12 months, P < .01). These posttransplant changes included (1) no improvement in the elevated TG level in any lipid subfraction even though there was some reduction in apo C-III levels in VLDL; (2) reductions in levels of VLDL and IDL apo B but increases in LDL apo B; (3) increases in HDL apo C-III and FC concentrations despite an increase in LCAT activity; and (4) increases in apo A-I levels in HDL-L and HDL-M. The addition of a pancreas to a kidney transplant had no obvious impact on the lipoproteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Lipoprotein composition in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with chronic renal failure: effect of kidney and pancreas transplantation. 813 82

In 98 Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), free fatty acid (FFA), and apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, and E were determined. The data were compared with those in 47 normolipidaemic normal controls. The total cholesterol value of the diabetic patients was also compared to that of a general population (n = 2227). The diabetic patients were separated into those with cardiovascular disease (n = 20) and without it (n = 78) and a comparison of clinical characteristics and dyslipidaemia was also performed. The diabetic patients had slightly but significantly higher FFA, LDL-C, apo B, C-II, C-III, E, and B/A-I, and lower apo A-I and A-II compared to the normal controls. The total cholesterol level of the diabetic patients (5.17 +/- 0.96 mmol-1) was not significantly higher than that of the general population (5.12 +/- 0.91 mmol-1). By multivariate stepwise discriminant analyses, only total cholesterol significantly discriminated the patients with and without cardiovascular disease. In Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes, a diabetic population with a very low prevalence of cardiovascular disease, high total cholesterol is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, a markedly low prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Japanese with Type 2 diabetes compared to Caucasian counterparts may partly be due to the mildness of dyslipidaemia.
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PMID:Possible link between a low prevalence of cardiovascular disease and mild dyslipidaemia: a study in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. 833 22

The effects of long-term cilazapril treatment on glucose and lipid metabolism were assessed in 25 hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Patients were treated with 0.5 to 1 mg of cilazapril once daily or a combination of cilazapril and other antihypertensive drugs once daily for 48 weeks. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) throughout the study with no significant changes in heart rate and no adverse effects such as cough. There were no significant changes in body mass index or serum levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c, fructosamine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), or apolipoproteins (apo A-I, apo C-II, apo C-III, apo B, and apo E). Cilazapril caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in levels of apo A-II and a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the apo B:apo A-I ratio, an index of arteriosclerosis. These results suggest that cilazapril has favorable effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and that it may be useful as the first or second choice of antihypertensive drugs in hypertensive patients with NIDDM.
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PMID:Effects of long-term cilazapril treatment on glucose and lipid metabolism in hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 856 36

The goal of this study was to compare the structural and biological characteristics of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100-containing particle subfractions isolated from poorly controlled diabetic patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), and healthy controls matched for sex, age and body mass index (BMI). Different apo B-containing particles were isolated by sequential immunochromatography and were free of apo A-I, apo A-II, apo A-IV and apo(a). Particles lipoprotein (Lp) B/C-III contained apo B and apo C-III. They were free of apo E. Particles Lp B/E contained apo B and apo E. They were free of apo C-III. Particles Lp B were devoided of apo C-III and apo E. All these particles could contain other known apolipoproteins not cited here, as for example apo C-II and/or apo C-I. The plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, apo A-I, B-100, C-III, E, total Lp B/C-III, total Lp B/E were not different between patients and controls. The physico-chemical properties of Lp B/C-III and Lp B/E were similar in both groups. Only Lp B from patients exhibited some changes, an increase in the size and a decrease in the cholesterol and cholesteryl ester levels. The conformational properties of the lipoproteins were studied through their immunoreactivity against four different anti-apo B-100 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) for which sequential epitopes have been located on the protein, and one MAb for which the epitope is conformationally expressed. Again, minor changes were observed between patients and controls, and only a slight decrease in the immunoreactivity of the epitope encompassing amino-acid residues 405 to 539 of Lp B and of the conformationally expressed epitope of Lp B/C-III were found in patients. Nevertheless, whatever these conformational and/or physico-chemical modifications may be, they were not sufficient to induce functional alterations in the binding of the particles from the patients to the LDL-receptor of HeLa cells. This study shows that IDDM is not associated with any significant abnormalities in the apo-containing lipoprotein particles. The excessive occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and other atherosclerotic vascular disease in patients with IDDM must have other causes.
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PMID:Apo B-containing lipoprotein particles in poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes. 864 62

Serum levels of protein 1 (P1), a Clara cell secretory protein, in 746 healthy subjects were measured and their correlations with different types of serum lipids and lipoproteins-that is, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCh), free cholesterol (FCh), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and apoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, and B-were examined. P1 serum levels were examined for their correlation with body mass index (BMI), and were compared for 47 obese, 70 normal, and 17 lean males. P1 serum levels in 69 patients with diabetes mellitus and 24 patients with atherosclerotic stenosis of the carotid artery or coronary artery were also compared to those in healthy control subjects. P1 showed a significant positive correlation with TG, TCh, FCh, apo A-I, apo A-II, apo B, and BMI (r = 0.93, 0.26, 0.42, 0.11, 0.35, 0.58, and 0.20, respectively; p < 0.0001 to 0.05), and an inverse correlation with HDL (r = -0.32; p < 0.01). P1 values in obese men (mean +/- SD: 139.2 +/- 98.2 micrograms/L) were significantly higher than those in normal (90.3 +/- 57.1) and lean ones (65.6 +/- 40.8) (p < 0.01). In both diabetic and atherosclerotic patients, P1 serum levels did not significantly differ from those in healthy subjects. From these results, we conclude the following: (1) the serum levels of P1 correlate significantly with those of lipids and lipoproteins; (2) P1 serum levels increase in the case of obesity.
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PMID:Clara cell protein correlation with hyperlipidemia. 879 90


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