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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
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The levels of lipoprotein A-I (LP A-I) containing apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) and devoid of apolipoprotein A-II (apo A-II) have been determined in a group of 86 children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes of age between 1.3 and 22 years. The duration of diabetes in the studied group ranged between 0.25 and 15 years. The patients studied were further divided into subgroups taking into account the duration of diabetes as well as the occurrence of complications of diabetes, obesity and predisposition to early development of atherosclerosis in family history. The analysis of the results took into account the relations between the levels of LP A-I and other parameters of lipid metabolism like cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, apo A-I and apo A-II concentrations as well as the effectiveness of metabolic control of diabetes. LP A-I concentration was the lowest in group of children with diabetes lasting up to one year. This parameter was correlated positively with the levels of HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I, and negatively with HbA1c. It was not related to the coexisting complications, obesity or predisposition to atherosclerosis in family history. The above results indicate that the state of metabolic control of diabetes significantly influences the level of LP A-I. Considering the importance of LP A-I in preventing atherosclerosis it should be stressed that a decrease in its level during the period of prolonged hypoglycemia constitutes still another risk factor for development of atherosclerosis in diabetic children and adolescents.
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PMID:[Lipid metabolism in children and adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes. II. Evaluation of changes in lipoprotein A-I in children and adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes]. 134 32

The purpose of this study was to examine the change in apolipoprotein and lipoprotein levels in patients with normolipidemic untreated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Fifteen untreated, non-obese male NIDDM patients without hyperlipidemia were chosen, and 15 healthy subjects, matched for age, sex, body weight, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking served as the control group. We observed that the concentrations of plasma total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were identical in both NIDDM and control groups. The levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were slightly increased in the diabetic group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance in our study. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower in the NIDDM group than in the controls. Significantly increased TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were found in NIDDM patients compared with controls. The apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) and apolipoprotein A-II (apo A-II) levels were decreased in NIDDM patients, while the apolipoprotein B (apo B) level remained similar to that of the control subjects. The ratio of apo A-I/apo B was decreased significantly in the NIDDM group. Our results suggest that NIDDM patients are at higher risk of coronary heart disease, even if they remain normolipidemic.
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PMID:Apolipoprotein levels in normolipidemic non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 135 44

Primary familial forms of chylomicronemia can lead to acute life-threatening complications, especially acute pancreatitis. The main aim of therapy is to avoid this so-called chylomicronemia syndrome. In 12 patients with primary chylomicronemia due to familial hypertriglyceridemia, the addition of 2.16 g omega-3 fatty acids over 4 weeks and 4.32 g for 8 weeks resulted in a decrease of serum triglyceride levels from 1,624 +/- 333 to 894 +/- 241 mg/dL after 12 weeks. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the chylomicron fraction were reduced concomitantly, the apolipoprotein B-100/B-48 ratio increased, very--low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol levels decreased, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol showed a tendency to increase, but this finding did not reach significance. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels remained unchanged, as did the levels of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and E, and lipoprotein(a). Apolipoprotein B levels decreased significantly. The decrease of triglyceride levels to still-elevated concentrations was accompanied by a substantial decrease in plasma and whole-blood viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation, which reached normal values. As in chylomicronemia, complications usually occur at triglyceride levels higher than 1,500 mg/dL; patients can still profit from treatment with omega-3 fatty acids, even though triglyceride levels are still substantially elevated. No clinically relevant side effects occurred, with the exception of the manifestation of diabetes mellitus in one patient, which could be reversed after discontinuation of treatment.
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PMID:Treatment of primary chylomicronemia due to familial hypertriglyceridemia by omega-3 fatty acids. 140 95

To investigate the possible relevance of free radicals and prostanoids to the mode of initiation and/or evolution of microangiopathy in diabetes mellitus, we measured serum lipid peroxides (LPO), an accepted index of intravascular free radicals, and plasma 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (11-dehydro-TXB2), a stable metabolite of vasoactive thromboxane A2 released from platelets, in 95 patients with normolipidemic type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus at different stages of the disease. In general, either LPO or 11-dehydro-TXB2 was significantly greater in the patients, as a group, than in the matched controls (3.82 vs. 2.65 nmol/ml, P < 0.01 for LPO; and 17.3 vs. 5.8 pg/ml, P < 0.01 for 11-dehydro-TXB2). In patients, both LPO and 11-dehydro-TXB2 increased according to the severity of their diabetic retinopathy. A highly significant positive correlation existed between the LPO values and 11-dehydro-TXB2 in the patients (r = 0.64, P < 0.0001), while there was no such relationship in the controls (r = 0.18, P = NS). No difference in serum levels of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, or E was observed between the patients and controls. Short-term glycemic control (25 cal/kg of standardized body weight/day, for 8 weeks) resulted in a small but significant reduction in LPO (4.2 vs. 4.6 nmol/ml, control; P < 0.05) without alteration in 11-dehydro-TXB2. There was a tendency towards deterioration in LPO according to the improvement in glycemic control. These results appear consistent with the view that, in addition to LPO, the release of TXA2 from activated platelet in the human circulation could be an important factor for the initiation and/or evolution of microangiopathy in diabetic patients even when they are not apparently hyperlipidemic. Further, the results of the present study emphasize the notion that more tight control of serum lipids is worthy of serious consideration in preventing the advance of diabetic microangiopathy.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1992 Nov
PMID:Possible relevance of lipid peroxidation and thromboxane production to the initiation and/or evolution of microangiopathy in non-hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes mellitus. 147 57

Concentrations of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I are commonly increased in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus but the mechanisms whereby diabetes influences HDL metabolism have not been studied. We investigated the metabolism of HDL apoproteins A-I and II in normolipidaemic Type 1 diabetic men (n = 17, HbA1 6.4-11.9%) without microalbuminuria but with a wide range of HDL cholesterol (0.85-2.10 mmol/l) and in nondiabetic men (n = 18) matched for body mass index and the range of HDL cholesterol. Input rates and fractional catabolic rates for apolipoproteins A-I and II were determined following injection of 125I-apolipoprotein A-I and 131I-apolipoprotein A-II tracers. Additional multicompartmental analysis was performed using a model to describe the kinetics of HDL particles containing only apolipoprotein A-I (Lp A-I) and apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-II (Lp A-I/A-II). No gross differences from normal subjects were observed in the mean levels of lipids, lipoproteins, apoproteins and the lipolytic enzymes in the diabetic men as a result of the selection process. Furthermore, the relationship between apolipoprotein A kinetics and plasma HDL cholesterol levels appeared to be preserved in the diabetic group. However, some normal interrelationships were disrupted in the diabetic men. Firstly, the rate of apolipoprotein A-II synthesis was 22% lower than in control subjects (p less than 0.05). Modelling indicated that this was due to decreased input of Lp A-I/A-II particles whereas the input of Lp A-I particles was similar in the two groups. Secondly, there was no correlation between VLDL triglyceride and HDL cholesterol or VLDL triglyceride and the fractional catabolic rate of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II in diabetic men in contrast to that seen in control subjects. We conclude that there is a disruption in the normal association between VLDL and HDL metabolism in Type 1 diabetic men and postulate that the observed differences may be due to the therapeutic use of exogenous insulin.
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PMID:Metabolism of HDL apolipoprotein A-I and A-II in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. 151 63

This study was conducted to determine whether changes in the levels of plasma apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, B, C-II, and C-III, along with cholesterol and triglycerides, could provide additional information on these parameters in relation to the control of glycemia. Plasma and lipoprotein lipids and apolipoprotein levels were measured in 123 insulin-dependent diabetic children (4- to 12-years-old), classified into good, fair, and poor diabetic control based on HbA1c and fructosamine levels, and in 62 comparable healthy controls. Total cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as total triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) triglycerides, and apo B and apo C-III were increased significantly in children with fair and poor diabetic control. While in diabetic children with good control, only very low density lipoprotein cholesterol was elevated significantly compared with healthy control subjects. Conversely, the levels of cholesterol in HDL, HDL2, HDL3, and apo A-I were decreased significantly in the three diabetic groups, but apo A-II and apo C-II did not change. We conclude that in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, abnormalities in plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein levels occur, the extent of which depends on the degree (extent) of glycemic control (the poorer the control the more substantial the abnormality). We suggest that measurement of apo C-III level along with apo B and apo A-I in these patients may be a sensitive indicator to alterations in glycemic control.
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PMID:Apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, B, C-II, and C-III in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 157 7

Changes of glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM hypertensive patients during treatment with a new dihydropyridine derivative, nilvadipine, were examined by a randomized, crossover study comparing the results with those elicited by captopril in 18 patients for 12 weeks each. Nilvadipine (8 mg per day) and captopril retard (75 mg per day) caused a sufficient decrease in blood pressure without changing the pulse rate. Nilvadipine and captopril did not significantly change fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or apoprotein A-I, A-II and B levels in either of the 12-week treatments. In 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests carried out three times in each patient (before treatment and after 12 weeks of treatment with each drug), changes in plasma glucose and serum insulin levels were not significantly different among the three tests. These results demonstrate that nilvadipine as well as captopril are antihypertensive drugs without adverse effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in hypertensive patients with NIDDM.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1992 May
PMID:Comparison of the effects of nilvadipine and captopril on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM patients with hypertension. 160 Aug 52

Serum lipid and apolipoprotein (apo A-I, A-II, A-IV, B, C-II, C-III, E and H) levels were determined in 26 patients with chronic pancreatitis without complications such as liver disease or diabetes mellitus. These patients were divided into two groups, CP-I (n = 16) and CP-II (n = 10), according to the clinical criteria for chronic pancreatitis. HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I levels in CP-I and CP-II groups significantly decreased compared to those in sex- and age-matched healthy controls (p less than 0.05), whereas there were not significant differences in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels between these groups and controls. On the other hand, apo A-IV levels in CP-I and CP-II were 7.1 +/- 1.0 mg/dl and 8.3 +/- 1.5 mg/dl, respectively and these values were significantly lower than 11.2 +/- 1.8 mg/dl in controls (p less than 0.001). In this study, the serum lipids apparently showed normal levels in patients with chronic pancreatitis who had no severe complication, and the markedly low apo A-IV levels in these patients were considered to be mainly due to the decrease of lipid absorption from the intestine.
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PMID:[Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in patients with chronic pancreatitis]. 176 96

The apolipoproteins are important determinants of the structure and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. This paper reviews analytical methods and the clinical significance of plasma apolipoproteins. Our data on apo VLDL and apo HDL analysis using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), monoclonal antibody against apo VLDL, especially apo C-I, apo B isoproteins (apo B-100 and apo B-48) and plasma apolipoprotein concentrations in the patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease, were described. Among the methods of apolipoprotein quantification, single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) is widely used in Japan and plasma concentrations of apo A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III and E in healthy adults were reported. We showed the usefulness of FPLC for fractionation of human apo VLDL and apo HDL. We prepared several monoclonal antibodies against human apo VLDL, especially apo C-I, which were used for quantification and structural analysis of plasma apo C-I. Apo B-48 was found to be a good metabolic marker of exogenous lipoproteins (chylomicron and chylomicron remnant) and apo B-48 containing lipoproteins were increased in the poorly controlled diabetic patients.
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PMID:[Quantification and clinical significance of plasma apolipoproteins]. 210 5

Two species of lipoproteins containing apoA-I (A-ILp), lipoprotein containing apoA-I and apoA-II (LpA-I/A-II), and lipoprotein containing apoA-I but no apoA-II were isolated from 12 girls with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and from 19 healthy controls using affinity chromatography. When characterizing the lipid and apolipoprotein compositions, we noted compositional changes. In A-ILp, the levels of lipid, except for triglyceride, and the level of apoC-III were significantly higher in IDDM. In LpA-I/A-II, the levels of lipids, except for triglyceride, the levels of apoC-III, and the ratio of apoA-I to apoA-II were significantly higher in IDDM. In lipoprotein containing apoA-I but no apoA-II, the levels of all lipids and apolipoproteins in IDDM were similar to those in the controls. The percent phospholipid in A-ILp and LpA-I/A-II was significantly higher in IDDM. All of these changes of A-ILp are similar to those associated with the reduced risk in the nondiabetic population. However, apolipoprotein changes of LpA-I/A-II may possibly be related to the accelerated atherosclerotic processes noted in patients with IDDM.
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PMID:Lipid and apolipoprotein compositions of two species of ApoA-I containing lipoproteins in young girls with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 211 89


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