Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes an increase in arterial blood pressure was observed as early as the first week after the drug was injected. Blood pressure reached maximal values around the fourth week and remained stable for a long period of follow-up. The responsiveness of these rats to the three major vasopressor hormones, angiotensin II, norepinephrine, and vasopressin, was decreased in the early phase of diabetes and returned to normal in the late phase. Acute treatment at the third, sixth, and twelfth weeks with blockers of these vasopressor hormones resulted in a significant fall in blood pressure at the third week with captopril and at the twelfth week with propranolol plus phentolamine. No significant fall was observed when a specific vasopressin inhibitor was administered. Good control of the blood pressure was obtained when these rats were treated chronically with captopril or prazosin, and partial control was achieved when they were fed a low salt diet. An attenuation in arterial blood pressure levels was observed in rats with two-kidney, one clip hypertension when diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Plasma creatine levels in diabetic rats were significantly higher than those in control rats only in the sixth and twelfth weeks. Electron microscopy revealed some minor glomerular lesions only at the twelfth week.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus and hypertension. State of the art lecture. 327 74

Coexisting hypertension and diabetes mellitus is common particularly in the obese, minorities, and the socioeconomically disadvantaged. Hypertension contributes substantially to the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus and to the increased mortality of diabetes mellitus. Nondrug treatment of both conditions consists of cardiovascular risk factor reduction, emphasizing weight management, salt restriction, smoking cessation, and alcohol moderation. With observing a few precautions the drug treatment of hypertension in diabetes mellitus is similar to that of the nondiabetic.
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PMID:Diabetes, hypertension and other associated diseases. 329 Sep 18

A high glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is often found early in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). It has been suggested that high circulating glucose, glucagon, and GH levels could play a role in this increase in GFR. On the other hand, patients with IDDM in poor metabolic control also have high circulating ketone body levels. This study was undertaken to determine whether exogenous D,L-3-hydroxybutyric acid at two infusion rates (40 and 30 mumol kg-1 min-1) for 180 min altered renal plasma flow (RPF), GFR, and the excretion rate of total protein, beta 2-microglobulin, and albumin in 11 normal (N) subjects and 11 IDDM patients in whom euglycemia was achieved and maintained using the insulin-glucose clamp technique. RPF and GFR were measured by a priming-continuous infusion of [125I]hippurate and [51Cr]EDTA, respectively. The 40 mumol kg-1 min-1 D,L-3-hydroxybutyric acid infusion increased RPF and GFR in both N and IDDM subjects. Mean RPF increased from 588 +/- 78 (+/- SD) to 706 +/- 129 mL min-1 1.73 m-2 in N and from 671 +/- 101 to 781 +/- 99 in IDDM. GFR increased from 121 +/- 11 to 151 +/- 15 ml min-1 1.73 m-2 in N and from 136 +/- 11 to 191 +/- 16 in IDDM. The filtration fraction also was significantly higher in IDDM than in N during the D,L-3-hydroxybutyric acid infusion. The 30 mumol kg-1 min-1 D,L-3-hydroxybutyric acid infusion increased RPF and GFR to a somewhat lesser extent in both groups. D,L-3-hydroxybutyric acid infusions increased the tubular reabsorption rate of ketone bodies and sodium. The increase in tubular sodium reabsorption rate was correlated significantly to that in the tubular ketone body reabsorption rate. A significant decrease in urinary pH was found during the D,L-3-hydroxybutyric acid infusion. D,L-3-Hydroxybutyrate sodium salt (30 mumol kg-1 min-1) also was infused in 5 of the 11 diabetic patients. A similar increase in GFR and RPF occurred. Both total protein and beta 2-microglobulin, but not albumin, excretion rates increased during D,L-3-hydroxybutyric acid (40 mumol kg-1 min-1) infusion in N and IDDM subjects. D,L-3-Hydroxybutyric acid infusion did not change plasma glucagon, GH, or renin activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Glomerular filtration rate is increased in man by the infusion of both D,L-3-hydroxybutyric acid and sodium D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate. 329 5

Atherogenic traits, living habits, signs of preclinical disease, and susceptibility all contribute to cardiovascular disease. High low-density lipoprotein is positively related to coronary heart disease, and high high-density lipoprotein is inversely related. Systolic or diastolic hypertension at any age in either sex contributes powerfully. The impact of diabetes is greater for women and varies with the number of accompanying risk factors. High-normal fibrinogen values further escalate risk of these atherogenic factors. An atherogenic life-style is typified by a diet excessive in fat, calories, and salt; sedentary habits; unrestrained weight gain; and cigarette smoking. Moderate alcohol use may be beneficial. Use of oral contraceptives beyond age 35 years and in conjunction with cigarette smoking predisposes one to thromboembolism. Type A behavior carries an increased risk, and men married to more highly educated women and to women in white-collar jobs are more vulnerable. Signs of preclinical ischemia include silent myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG, blocked intraventricular conduction, and repolarization abnormalities. Measures of innate susceptibility include a family history of early cardiovascular disease. Quantitative combination of risk factors provides optimal prediction, including persons with multiple marginal abnormalities. Preventive management should also be multifactorial and requires a commitment to behavior modification and alteration in life-style.
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PMID:New perspectives on cardiovascular risk factors. 330 Feb 33

Multiple regression analysis were used to investigate the relationship between blood pressure and age, sex, relative weight, antihypertensive medication, diabetes mellitus, diet (low-salt, low-cholesterol, and weight-reducing regimens), cigarette smoking, coffee drinking, and aerobic exercise among a stratified random sample of the population of Rochester, Minnesota, 35 years of age or older. Age, sex, relative weight, antihypertensive medication, and cigarette smoking were significantly correlated with blood pressure and were incorporated in regression models of systolic and diastolic pressure. These models were used to predict average (geometric mean) blood pressure values for the adult population of Rochester and to predict age-, sex-, and relative weight-specific blood pressure percentiles.
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PMID:A population-based model for predicting blood pressure. 338 10

Why does a greater proportion of the population of northern Sweden suffer from such diseases as diabetes, stomach cancer and those of the circulatory system than people living in the southern part of the country? Are there any environmental factors that can explain these circumstances? It can be concluded from this study that the regional mortality pattern displayed here cannot be disregarded. The consistency of the finding is supported by the joint analysis of several data sources. The analyses in this study indicate that dietary habits, water hardness, and seasonal variations--rather than smoking habits or alcohol abuse--could be causal explanations for the regional mortality pattern in circulatory diseases. Diet and genetic factors may explain the regional variations in diabetes, while there is so far no evidence for associations between stomach cancer and any environmental factors. Thus, there is no correlation between stomach cancer and waterborne nitrate level in the 24 Swedish counties. This calls for further studies on the connections between stomach cancer and intake of salt, vitamins or trace elements. The preparation of foods could also have some impact on the incidence of stomach cancer.
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PMID:Why are diabetes, stomach cancer and circulatory diseases more common in Northern Sweden? 348 8

Twenty-four hour noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate monitoring was performed on patients who underwent orthotopic cardiac transplantation, as part of the investigation of the de novo hypertension that developes in such patients. Patients with essential hypertension served as control subjects. The results demonstrated a highly significant loss of the usual decline in blood pressure and heart rate during sleep in the transplant patients. A similar loss of nocturnal decline in blood pressure was noted in a group of 10 patients with autonomic neuropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus. The de novo hypertension associated with cardiac transplantation is probably multicausal. Impairment of renal function by cyclosporin-A with associated salt and water retention and persistent elevation of the systemic vascular resistance in the presence of a restored normal cardiac output by the "new" heart are major factors. In addition, loss of the normal nocturnal decline in blood pressure and heart rate, which probably is related to the denervated state of the transplanted heart, may play an important role in blood pressure control.
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PMID:Loss of nocturnal decline in blood pressure after cardiac transplantation. 351 20

Renal function studies and measurements of in vivo plasma renin activity (PRA), kidney renin content, and renin secretion by isolated, perfused kidneys were performed in spontaneously diabetic and nondiabetic BioBreeding/Worcester (BB/W) rats. Diabetic animals evidenced hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and plasma volume expansion. After dietary sodium deprivation, plasma volume fell to levels equivalent to those of sodium-deprived, nondiabetic rats. Dietary sodium deprivation evoked a larger proportional increase in PRA among diabetic than nondiabetic animals, although PRA before sodium restriction was equivalent in the two groups. Basal renin release (RR) was higher from isolated, perfused kidneys from diabetic rats than from nondiabetic kidneys. Diabetic kidneys, moreover, displayed increased kidney renin content (KRC). By contrast, while isoproterenol (10(-5) M) stimulated a nearly fivefold increment in RR from nondiabetic, perfused kidneys, a negligible effect was observed in diabetic kidneys. The dose-response curve of renin secretion (as a proportion of total renal content) in response to isoproterenol was shifted downward. Hence, while KRC and spontaneous RR by isolated, perfused kidneys were increased, the increment in PRA with salt depletion and the renin-secretory response to isoproterenol in vitro were impaired. We propose that specific defects in renin secretion, in particular, the response to beta-adrenergic stimulation, may be operative in diabetes.
Diabetes 1986 Mar
PMID:Renin secretion by the spontaneously diabetic rat. 351 45

Understanding the sand rat's metabolic responses is necessary in order to employ the animal gainfully in the study of diabetes. Weanlings are most susceptible to the effect of diabetogenic diets. In the present experiment, weanling sand rats were fed diets at 3 levels of energy intake. The diets were based on pellets composed of different ratios of salt bush (Atriplex halimus) and a standard laboratory animal chow pellet. The results showed a significant correlation between the level of energy intake, percent body fat and signs of Type 2 diabetes. Animals with 28-30.6% body fat had blood glucose levels of 260 +/- 66 mg% and plasma insulin concentrations of greater than 558 mu u/ml, and those with 17.9-24.0% body fat had a blood glucose level of 107 +/- 19.8 mg% and a plasma insulin level of 222 +/- 35 mu u/ml. Animals with approximately 10% body fat, had a blood glucose level of 60 +/- 1.9 mg% and a plasma insulin concentration of 35 +/- 10 mu u/ml. The fattest animals had the highest percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin. The animals with the highest quantity of fat receiving high caloric intake had a lower lean body mass than those of similar weight exposed to a lower caloric intake. This result could be accounted for by assuming that the extreme hyperinsulinemia promoted fat production at the expense of lean body mass.
Diabetes Res 1986 Mar
PMID:The diabetic response of weanling sand rats (Psammomys obesus) to diets containing different concentrations of salt bush (Atriplex halimus). 351 49

The effect of insulin on [3H]oleate binding to delipidated liver cytosolic proteins was studied in four groups of animals: untreated rats, streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, Psammomys obesus fed salt bush diet, and Psammomys obesus fed ordinary laboratory chow. The distribution of the protein bound [3H]oleate between low and high molecular weight cytosolic proteins in Psammomys differed from the distribution found in rats. Diet induced high insulin diabetes in Psammomys and streptozotocin induced low insulin diabetes in rats, modulated [3H]oleate binding in the same manner.
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PMID:Liver cytosolic fatty acids binding proteins in rats and Psammomys obesus: modulation in diabetes. 351 68


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