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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Isolated, small intestinal microvillous membranes from normal and acutely diabetic rats were compared with respect to D-glucose transport. D-Glucose was accumulated to a greater extent by diabetic membrane vesicles when supplied with energy in the form of a NaC1 or a NaSCN gradient across the vesicle membrane. The difference appeared to be caused by an ability of the diabetic membranes to maintain a higher driving force for active D-glucose transport and not by changes in the glucose "carrier." Increasing the glucose-independent Na-+-conductance of the membrane with monactin or gramicidin D reduced the active accumulation of D-glucose by membrane preparations from both control and diabetic groups. Concentrations of monactin and gramicidin D in the incubation medium of membrane vesicles from diabetic animals could be adjusted so that their D-glucose transport became indistinguishable from that of membranes from normal animals not treated with ionophores. These observatins suggest the microvillous membranes as one site where changes occur in acute diabetes. In addition, the change in the transport properties of the isolated membranes offer a rational explanation for the simultaneous elevation of active intestinal sugar, amino acid, and bile salt transport observed for intact intestinal tissue.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus: changes in the transport properties of isolated intestinal microvillous membranes. 4 51

The paper is a clinical experimental work, studying the heparinoid effect upon blood sugar level, blood lipid fractions, endogenic heparin and lipo-brigther-becoming activity in diabetics. Heparinoids are applied in acute experiment. A total of 37 subjects were examined--22 diabetics with adult type of diabetes, 10 clinically healthy subjects and 5 diabetics examined only with 500 ml physiologic salt solution. The same patients were examined with heparin as well for a comparison. Blood sugar, NEFA, lipolyzing activity, total lipids, total cholesterol, beta-lipoproteins, total phospholipids, triglycerides and endogenic heparin were determined prior to and post infusion introduction of heparinoids. The results reveal that heparinoids have two basic biochemical effects decrease blood sugar lever in diabetics and change the blood lipid fraction level. They depend on the structural peculiarities of the preparations. Heparinoids stimulate heparin activity as well, through which they realize their biochemical effect to a certain extent. The decreasing effect on blood sugar level of heparinoids is stronger as compared with heparin.
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PMID:[Effect of heparinoids on the blood sugar level and blood lipids in diabetes mellitus]. 7 10

Four patients with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (I.O.H.) and one with postural hypotension and diabetes were studied. Plasma-renin activity (P.R.A.) was low and did not rise appropriately with salt restriction and diuretic stimulation. Aldosterone levels were normal and rose with diuretic therapy. Plasma-volume, plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase, urinary catecholamines, metanephrines, and vanillyl mandelic acid (V.M.A) were normal. Treatment with indomethacin (75-150 mg/day) raised the upright blood-pressure (B.P.) by an average of 20-30 mm Hg diastolic and allowed the four patients with I.O.H. to walk about without orthostatic symptoms but it had no effect in the fifth patient. When indomethacin was discontinued in one patient who had been taking it for 9 months with symptomatic relief, the B.P. fell to pretreatment levels within 48 h. When indomethacin was reinstituted the B.P. rose again. Indomethacin was more effective in these patients than either propranolol or fludrocortisone. There may be an absolute or relative excess of certain vasodepressor prostaglandins in the peripheral vessels which results in pooling of blood and orthostatic hypotension. If this is the case indomethacin might improve the orthostatic symptoms of I.O.H. by its inhibitory effect on prostaglandin synthesis, but its mechanism of action remains to be determined.
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PMID:Treatment of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (Shy-Drager syndrome) with indomethacin. 7 34

When diabetes and cardiovascular disease were first classed as possible fibre-deficiency diseases, laboratory and clinical evidence was lacking. Subsequent studies indicated that the gums and viscous types of fibre (e.g., guar and pectin) are more effective than other fibres in slowing carbohydrate absorption and hence in reducing the postprandial rise in blood glucose and serum insulin. This effect has longer term metabolic consequences. In addition, gums and viscous fibres reduce serum cholesterol, possibly by mechanisms other than simply increasing bile-salt loss. If these potential therapeutic effects of fibre are to be exploited, palatable formulations must be developed. The effect of fibre in whole foods should also be determined.
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PMID:Dietary fibre, diabetes, and hyperlipidaemia. Progress and prospects. 9 93

A specific, sensitive, and simple radioimmunoassay was developed for the oral hypoglycemic drug glibenclamide, N-4-[2-(5-chloro-2-methoxy-benzamide)-ethyl]-benzenesulfonyl-N'-cyclohexylurea. Antiserum against glibenclamide was obtained from rabbits immunized with an antigen prepared by conjugating the diazonium salt of N(p-amino-benzamidoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl-N'-cyclohexylurea to bovine serum albumin through the diazocoupling. [3H]glibenclamide was used as a tracer. Dextran-coated charcoal was used to separate bound and free [3H]glibenclamide in the reaction mixture. The radioimmunoassay is able to determine as little as 25 pg of glibenclamide directly in plasma without the need for extraction. The antiserum used for the assay was highly specific for glibenclamide, and did not cross-react with two known major metabolites of glibenclamide. Comparable values of glibenclamide in dog plasma were obtained by radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography. Plasma concentrations of glibenclamide in diabetic patients on glibenclamide treatment can be determined by radioimmunoassay, and the method has been applied to the routine assay of clinical samples. This radioimmunoassay seems to be useful for monitoring plasma glibenclamide concentrations.
Diabetes 1979 Mar
PMID:Radioimmunoassay of glibenclamide. 10 37

Twenty-one insulin-dependent diabetics with azotemic nephropathy were evaluated for renal transplantation by selective coronary angiography and cine left ventriculography. All had hypertension, retinopathy, neuropathy, and required salt restriction plus diuretics for volume overload. There was no clinical or electrocardiographic evidence of ischemic coronary artery disease in twenty. Ten patients (five males, five females, mean age 29.3 years; mean duration of diabetes 21.9 years; mean serum cholesterol 239 mg%) had significant coronary artery disease, seven demonstrating focal abnormalities in left ventricular wall motion. Two patients (one male, one female; mean age 36.5 years; mean duration of diabetes 28.5 years; mean serum cholesterol 250 mg%) had no significant coronary artery disease, but demonstrated diffusely abnormal left ventricular wall motion with diminished ejection fraction. Thirty-eight percent had significant coronary artery disease unpredictable by electrocardiographic or clinical data. The finding of no significant coronary artery disease in 52% of a group with severe renal-hypertensive complications of diabetes is surprising. Two patients may have a demonstrated cardiomyopathy.
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PMID:Asymptomatic coronary artery disease: angiographic assessment of diabetics evaluated for renal transplantation. 36 Dec 77

The intravenous injection of zinc or manganese chloride immediately before and 15 minutes after alloxan or dithizone prevented the usual hyperglycemia observed 24 hours after induction of diabetes. Injection of zinc chloride in alloxan diabetes led to normalization of sodium while zinc, copper, iron and magnesium remained high and calcium and potassium remained low as in alloxan. In case of dithizone diabetes, the administration of zinc salt led to an increase in serum zinc, magnesium and potassium and to a decrease in serum calcium while the sodium level returned to normal. Manganese plus alloxan led to a normalization of serum zinc, copper, potassium and sodium. In the case of dithizone plus manganese only magnesium was raised while the other elements were unchanged when compared to animals injected with dithizone only. Chromium and cobalt lowered the blood glucose to a certain extent however it did not affect most of the elements. The same changes occurred in all elements as with alloxan or dithizone alone. Pretreatment with ATP led to a normalization of serum zinc, copper, magnesium, sodium and potassium, while in case of iron it remained high and calcium remained low as that found in alloxan diabetic rats.
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PMID:Serum mineral changes due to exogenous ATP and certain trace elements in experimental diabetes. 44 5

In order to determine whether a generalized defect in glucose recognition exists in diabetes, taste detection and preference were measured in adult onset diabetics (AOD), juvenile onset diabetics (JOD), and healthy first-degree relatives of diabetics (NR). Controls (C) were age and sex matched nondiabetics without first-degree diabetic relatives. The AOD and NR gorups showed significantly higher glucose thresholds than their controls. In contrast, glucose threshold in JOD was not different from C. The AOD group also demonstrated a higher sucrose threshold than C. This difference was not present for JOD or NR groups. No difference in salt detection was seen in any of the groups. Taste preference was assessed by two choice situations and ratings of test solutions of varying concentrations. No significant difference in glucose or sucrose preference were noted, but both the AOD and NR groups preferred lower salt concentrations than C. These findings indicate that thery may be a widespread impariment of cellular glucose recognition in AOD and their relatives, while JOD have a specific beta cell defect.
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PMID:Taste detection and preferences in diabetics and their relatives. 47 87

Dichloroacetate is known to reduce plasma glucose and triglycerides in diabetic and starved animals and to lower plasma lactate under various experimental conditions. To investigate its metabolic effects in man, we administered oral doses (3 to 4 g) of dichloroacetate as the sodium salt to patients with diabetes mellitus or hyperlipoproteinemia or both for six to seven days. Dichloroacetate significantly reduced fasting hyperglycemia an average of 24 per cent (P less than 0.01) from base line and produced marked, concomitant falls in plasma lactate (73 per cent; P less than 0.05 to less than 0.01) and alanine (82 per cent; P less than 0.01 to less than 0.001). In addition, it significantly decreased plasma cholesterol (22 per cent; P less than 0.01 to less than 0.001) and triglyceride (61 per cent; P less than 0.01) levels while increasing (71 per cent; P less than 0.01) plasma ketone-body concentrations. Plasma insulin, free fatty acid and glycerol levels were not affected. Serum uric acid rose, whereas excretion and renal clearance fell. Some patients experienced mild sedation, but no other laboratory or clinical evidence of adverse effects was noted during or immediately after the treatment phase.
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PMID:Metabolic effects of dichloroacetate in patients with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipoproteinemia. 62 8

The results of 2 studies to determine the relationship between hormonal contraceptive (h.c.) use, hypertension, and nephritis are reported. 828 women, 16-50 years of age, were divided into 3 groups. 1 group had never used h.c.s., 1 group was presently using h.c.s., and 1 group had used h.c.s. for the last time more than a year prior to the study. Women 26-35 years of age who were using h.c.s. at the time of the study more often developed hypertension than other groups. The h.c. users who developed hypertension more often had a family history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus, more often had diabetes themselves, and more often suffered from preeclampsia or eclampsia during pregnancy. In a second study, ethinyl estradiol, norethisterone acetate, epsilon aminocapronic acid, desoxycorticosterone acetate, and table salt were administered singly or in combinations to 2 groups of rats. In one group, a Goldblatt-type hypertension was induced with a clamp on the nephric artery. No increase in blood pressure was observed in animals which received only an estrogenic or progestagenic agent. Significant increases in blood pressure were observed in animals that were given combinations of estrogenic and progestagenic agents, however. Significantly increased plasma-resin activity was observed in all animals which were given estrogen, while animals receiving desoxycorticosterone acetate showed a highly significant decrease in plasma-renin activity.
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PMID:[Oral contraceptives, hypertension and nephrosclerosis]. 62 80


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