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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the effects of ADP, epinephrine, collagen and arachidonic acid on platelet production of immunoreactive prostaglandin-E-like material and aggregation in 17 subjects with diabetes mellitus and 21 matched controls. Plateletrich plasma obtained from patients synthesized significantly (P less than 0.05) greater quantities of the prostaglandin-E-like material after exposure to 1 muM ADP, 1, 2 and 5 muM epinephrine and 1 microgram per milliliter of collagen than platelet-rich plasma obtained from controls. That obtained from the diabetic patients was significantly more sensitive (P less than 0.001) to the aggregating effects of the prostaglandin precursor, arachidonic acid, in vitro as compared to controls. Diabetic platelet-rich plasma metabolized arachidonic acid (0.5 mM) to immunoreactive prostaglandin-E-like material at a significantly greater rate (P less than 0.05) and extent (P less than 0.001) than that of controls. Thus, platelets obtained from diabetic patients possess increased activity of the prostaglandin synthetase system, and this characteristic may be related to the increased platelet aggregation associated with the disease.
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PMID:Increased synthesis of prostaglandin-E-like material by platelets from patients with diabetes mellitus. 91 87

L-Carnitine concentration was determined in vastus lateralis and abdominal rectus muscle tissue from 15 patients with diabetes mellitus and 66 controls. Nine of the diabetics were treated with diet and hypoglycemic drugs only and six with insulin. The carnitine concentration was determined enzymatically with labeled [I-14C] acetyl-coenzyme-A as a substrate and given per weight of non-collagen protein. The concentration in muscle tissue did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Patients with insulin-treated diabetes had the same concentration of carnitine in muscle tissue as those treated with hypoglycemic drugs. The drastic decreases in carnitine muscle concentration and in carnitine body pool seen in alloxan-diabetic rats are not observed in skeletal muscle of diabetic humans.
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PMID:Carnitine concentration in skeletal muscle tissue from patients with diabetes mellitus. 92 Feb 50

The authors used oxyproline indices for the diagnosis of diabetic nephroangiopathies. Patients with diabetes mellitus of various severity (47 in all) were examined. Disturbance of oxyproline metabolism observed in these patients was particularly pronounced in development of nephroangiopathies; this can apparently be attributed to destruction of the basal membrane. The authors believe that it is difficult to assess the collagen metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus by the urinary oxyproline content, since these patients display a disturbance of the glomerular function of the liver at various stages of the disease.
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PMID:[Hydroxyproline concentration in the blood of patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by angiopathies]. 93 81

Platelet hypersensitivity has been documented in diabetes and angina pectoris and can be partially reversed in hyperbetalipoproteinemia by clofibrate. We therefore examined the effects of incubating another lipid-lowering agent, halofenate, with both normal platelets and platelets made hypersensitive in vitro by incorporation of 55 per cent excess cholesterol into their membranes. At therapeutic concentrations, halofenate caused a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of the aggregation of normal platelets by epinephrine. After 30 minutes' incubation at 37 degrees C., halofenate significantly inhibited the extent of aggregation by 88 per cent (p less than 0.01), whereas clofibrate inhibited aggregation by 44 per cent (p less than 0.01). Halofenate was a more potent inhibitor of platelets than clofibrate (p less than 0.01). The mean threshold concentration of epinephrine necessary for aggregation of normal platelets (4.2 muM) was not significatnly increased with clofibrate (10 muM) but was markedly elevated with halofenate (245 muM; p less than 0.001). Significant but less dramatic increases in threshold concentration of ADP and collagen were found with halofenate but no clofibrate. Cholesterol-rich platelets were 114-fold more sensitive to epinephrine and twofold more sensitive to ADP than normal platelets but after incubation with halofenate became even less sensitive than normal. Clofibrate inhibited the extent of aggregation of hypersensitive platelets but did not alter the threshold concentration of epinephrine necessary for aggregation. Thus, halofenate is more potent than clofibrate in reducing the sensitivity of normal platelets to aggregating agents in vitro and can completely reverse experimentally produced platelet hypersensitivity. These data suggest that halofenate might be useful in reversing increased platelet sensitivity in cardiovascular diseases.
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PMID:Halofenate: a potent inhibitor of normal and hypersensitive platelets. 95 86

Wound healing as a model for diabetic angiopathy has been studied by light and electron microscopy. Biochemical studies of the rate of incorporation of 3H-proline and 3H-thymidine into collagen and DNA, respectively, have confirmed the morphologic observations. In both the normal and the diabetic, there was a marked decrease in the rate of collagen and DNA synthesis, suggesting that most of the cells in the biopsies were stunned by the injury and ceased DNA replication during the initial phase. In control mice this decrease was followed by a modest but significant burst of DNA replication, which peaked at two hours and by the fourth hour had returned to the one-hour level. In the diabetic this burst of DNA replication was absent and no capillary morphogenesis was seen at two, four, and eight hours. At 16 hours, there were only a few abnormal nascent vessels observed in the diabetic and antiserum-treated mice. The peak in the rate of collagen synthesis at four hours correlated well with the condensation of collagen at the wound margin and the fibroblast rough-endoplasmic-reticulum (RER) proliferation. In the diabetic mice, there was a significantly attenuated rate of collagen synthesis for the entire 16-hour period. The lack of DNA replication, capillary morphogenesis, fibroblast RER proliferation, and decreased collagen synthesis in the diabetic mouse can be considered interrelated and significant factors in the diabetic's impaired response to cellular injury. In view of the increased frequency and severity of injury to the circulation of the diabetic and the impaired response to repair such injury, it is likely that wound healing is a promising model for diabetic angiopathy.
Diabetes 1976
PMID:Wound healing: a model for the study of diabetic angiopathy. 97 88

Over a five year period, 114 patients had one or more secondary operations for access to the circulation for hemodialysis, these being a Thomas femoral shunt, saphenous vein graft, or Sparks mandril graft. The patient group was different from the general dialysis population, containing more females, more patients with diabetes, and more patients with collagen-vascular disease. Comparing duration of utility by the life table method for each technic, the femoral shunt lasted longest but with a high incidence of septic complications, the mandril graft was intermediate, and the saphenous vein graft least durable in use. The mandril is considered a tentative first choice for secondary access when the required maturation time is available.
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PMID:Vascular access for dialysis. Technics and results with newer methods. 112 44

In view of the tendency toward vascular disease in diabetes mellitus, we studied platelet aggregation in 15 normal, 7 prediabetic, 12 latent, and 20 frankly diabetic subjects. Platelets from latent and frank diabetics showed increased platelet aggregation 4 minutes after adding adenosine 5'-diphosphate (60% verus 29% at 1.0 mu-M), epinephrine (46% versus 14% at 0.25 mu-M), and collagen (72% versus 17% at 0.25 mu-g/ml). Three prediabetics had increased platelet aggregation. Platelet sensitivity to aggregating agents was most marked in frank diabetics, intermediate in latent diabetics, and least in prediabetics. Second-phase platelet aggregation was reversed with acetylsalicylic acid, intravenous tolbutamide, and oral glucose administration. We conclude that platelet aggregation may be increased early in diabetes mellitus and may be involved in the genesis of diabetic microangiopathy. Prospective studies on the effect of therapeutic agents such as acetylsalicylic acid on the natural course of diabetic vascular disease are indicated.
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PMID:Increased platelet aggregation in early diabetus mellitus. 113 83

Current evidence indicates that a hydroxylysine-rich glycoprotein may be of importance in the structural organization and accumulation of glomerular basement membrane in the diabetic state. To further evaluate the role of insulin deficiency in renal glycoprotein synthesis, the effect of experimental diabetes on the incorporation and hydroxylation of 14C-lysine by cell-free systems prepared from rat renal cortex was examined. Microsomal protein synthesis was increased in diabetic preparations, but the rise in renal cortical collagen synthesis relative to total protein synthesis was greater. These changes were not duplicated by the addition of a mixture of unlabeled amino acids or hydroxylation cofactors to incubations with preparations from normal animals.
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PMID:The effect of diabetes on renal lysine utilization. 115 Jan 33

Previous studies of diabetic renovascular complications have measured morphologic changes in relatively few glomerular vessels by electron microscopy. The present study samples 20,000 to 80,000 glomeruli from each of ten nondiabetic and ten diabetic age- and sex-matched subjects. Glomeruli were isolated and fractionated by size with a sieving method. Three samples of glomeruli from each subject were analyzed for size, mass, and hydroxyproline content as an index of basement membrane collagen. Approximately 40 per cent of the glomeruli in each sample were isolated. Glomeruli comprised 94 per cent of the tissue elements present, and 92 per cent of the isolated glomeruli were intact. Diabetic glomeruli are larger than nondiabetic glomeruli (mean diameter +/- S.E.M. = 258 +/- 10 mu versus 196 +/- 6 mu) and heavier (499 +/- 63 ng. versus 232 +/- 16 ng.). Diabetic glomeruli have greater hydroxyproline content than nondiabetic glomeruli when content is expressed per glomerulus (21.9 +/- 3.3 ng. versus 7.1 +/- 0.5 ng.) and when expressed per milligram dry weight of glomeruli (44.0 +/- 2.4 mug. versus 31.6 +/- 1.9 mug.). Glomeruli from diabetics of longest duration show the greatest increases in mass and hydroxyproline values. A pathologist's semiquantitative estimation of diffuse glomerulosclerosis revealed a high correlation between hydroxyproline values and histologic determination of the extent of the renal lesion. These measurements allow quantification of basement membrane collagen and may be used to follow development of diabetic vascular complications.
Diabetes 1975 Dec
PMID:Quantification of collagen in renal glomeruli isolated from human nondiabetic and diabetic kidneys. 119 10

Biphasic collagen-induced platelet aggregation, resembling that induced by epinephrine, was noted in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of 11 stroke and 1 coronary disease patients. Similar pattern of aggregation was not observed in normal PRP. The occurrence of the biphasic collagen aggregation does not appear to relate to platelet count, smoking habit, medication, or other abnormalities such as hypertension, diabetes, and elevated serum lipid levels. However, platelets of these patients were very sensitive to aggregating agents including epinephrine and adenosine diphosphate. The concentration of collagen that elicited biphasic aggregation in these platelets was too weak to aggregate platelets of normal subjects. We believe that the release threshold of these platelets is reduced to such an extent that minute amounts of collagen, which would be insufficient to induce release from normal platelets, are capable of inducing release from these platelets. Both phases of collagen induced aggregation are probably resulted from the activation of the release mechanism.
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PMID:Characterization and significance of collagen induced biphasic aggregation of human platelets. 119 59


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