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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recovery from diabetes was observed in streptozotocin-treated mice that received subcutaneous, isogeneic transplants of duct-ligated pancreas. Transplants excised from recovered hosts contained both immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and glucagon (IRG), indicating that both A and B cells capable of hormone storage were present. The IRI content in transplants, although only one sixth of that transplanted 6 wk earlier, was still 21/2 times greater than that in the host pancreas and was inversely related to the plasma glucose of the recipient during and after recovery. The IRI content in the transplant added to that in the host pancreas totaled 13% of the IRI found in the normal mouse pancreas, which sufficed for over-all recovery from diabetes but was insufficient to provide normal glucose tolerance and insulin response to a major glucose challenge. The abnormally high content of glucagon noted in the pancreas of hyperglycemic, sham transplanted mice was reduced by one-half in the pancreas of those transplanted mice returning to normal plasma glucose and insulin. Thus, the insulin content of the transplant was important to the recovery of isografted mice, but in addition, and perhaps as a consequence of recovery, there was a slight increase in the insulin storage capacity of the host pancreas and a marked reduction of glucagon compared to the content of these hormones in the pancreas of hyperglycemic, sham transplanted mice.
Metabolism 1976 Sep
PMID:Subcutaneous, isogeneic transplantation of duct-ligated pancreas in streptozotocin diabetic mice: relationships between recovery and hormone contents in transplants or host pancreas. 13 45

The effect of insulin treatment on the exocrine pancreas of streptozotocin-diabetes rats was investigated by light and electron microscopy. In the diabetic rats treated with daily lente insulin injection for four weeks, the islets became hyperplastic and proliferative, although degenerative and atrophic islets caused by streptozotocin remained if diabetic rats were not treated with insulin. Fibrosis and degeneration of the acinar cells were not found in all the diabetic rats by light microscopic examinations. Electron microscopic examinations showed that acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas of the diabetic rats without insulin treatment were characterized by irregular dilatation and prominent lamellar arrangement of rough endoplasmic reticulum and by nuclear pyknosis. After one hour of a single injection of regular insulin, rough endoplasmic reticulum of the acinar cells of the diabetic rats was rapidly activated and many intracisternal granules appeared. When the daily injection of insulin was continued, the acinar cells became to show regular arrangement of rough endoplasmic reticulum, much less vacuolarizations and less immature zymogen granules in comparison with those of the untreated diabetic rats. Exocrine pancreas of the insulin-treated rats revealed a lot of autophagic vacuoles which were supposed to derive from lysosomes. These results suggested that insulin had a repairing effect on the damaged acinar cells in diabetic state.
Tohoku J Exp Med 1976 Sep
PMID:Exocrine pancreas of streptozotocin-diabetes rats treated with insulin. 13 71

Control and streptozotocin diabetic rats were studied at 5 and 12 days after induction of diabetes. Strontium absorption was measured by in situ perfusion of duodenum and ileum. Duodenal absorptive capacity (absorption per unit length) and absorptive specific activity (absorption per gram of dry weight mucosa) were depressed. Depression was present both at 5 days, when mucosal growth is similar in controls and diabetics, and at 12 days, when mucosal growth is 50% greater in diabetics. Effects of diabetes on ileal absorption were minimal in comparison with effects on duodenum. This depression of duodenal strontium absorption in the diabetic rat is analogous to effects of diabetes on calcium absorption and may be mediated by abnormal vitamin D metabolism.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1976 Sep
PMID:Effects of experimental diabetes on intestinal strontium absorption in the rat. 13 63

Male Wistar rats were treated with an i.v. dose of 100 mg/kg of Streptozotocin (STZ). Either 5 days or 1, 2 or 3 months after induction of diabetes, the adrenal function of these animals was studied. Short course diabetes (5 days) was accompanied by adrenal hypertrophy and high plasma corticosterone levels; during later periods the diabetic rats consistenly showed signs of adrenal hyperactivity, yet both adrenal weight and plasma corticosterone tended to be lower than in the 5 day-treated animals. Adrenal incubations with 14C-progesterone showed that 5 days and one month diabetic animals synthesized more deoxycorticosterone than controls; production of corticosterone and 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone was normal at all time periods studied. Synthesis of 18-hydroxycorticosterone, a compound which affects sodium metabolism, was increased in 5 day-treated rats; thereafter, the function of the zona glomerulosa seemed to be impaired in diabetic rats. These results suggest that early after induction of diabetes there is adrenal hyperfunction of the mixed type (i.e. gluco and mineralcorticoid), and that in the later periods (2-3 months), the deranged metabolism of the diabetic rat acts as a chronic stress.
Horm Metab Res 1976 Sep
PMID:The influence of streptozotocin diabetes on adrenal function in male rats. 13 18


Diabetes 1977 Sep
PMID:Nutrition and somatomedin. III. Diabetic control, somatomedin, and growth in rats. 14 77


Diabetes 1977 Sep
PMID:Magnesium metabolism in experimental diabetes mellitus. 14 78

Following the intravenous injection of streptozotocin into rats, postprandial hyperglycaemia was sustained from 24 hours over a subsequent period of some weeks and the rats were glucose intolerant. When streptozotocin was similarly injected into pertussis-sensitized or hydrocortisone treated rats, the postprandial hyperglycaemia observed at 24 hours did not persist, but showed a progressive decline until near normoglycaemia was obtained a week later. These animals manifested normal glucose tolerance one week after streptozotocin. Thus, a spontaneous recovery from streptozotocin-induced diabetes occurred under these conditions. This spontaneous recovery from diabetes was associated with hyperinsulinaemia in the fed state.
Diabetologia 1977 Sep
PMID:Spontaneous recovery from streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats pretreated with pertussis vaccine or hydrocortisone. 14 87


Diabetes 1978 Sep
PMID:The diabetogenic activity of fragments of human growth hormone in obese (ob/ob) mice. 15 Sep 89

Acitivites of the hepatic enzymes were determined in spontaneous diabetes rats. The activities of the enzymes were compared with those in normal rats and in streptozotocin diabetic rats. In the spontaneous diabetes rats, glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase were 14.6 +/- 0.6 and 1.73 +/- 0.15 U respectively. The activities of both the enzymes were significantly increased. In the spontaneous diabetes rats glucokinase was 3.82 +/- 0.5 U showing a significant increase. On the contrary, the activity of the enzyme was decreased in the streptozotocin diabetic rats. Glucose-6-phosphatase was increased both in the spontaneous diabetes rats and in the streptozotocin diabetic rats. Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase was increased in the spontaneous diabetes rats. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was increased in the spontaneous diabetes rats and decreased in the streptozotocin diabetic rats. In the spontaneous diabetes rats phosphofructokinase showed a reduction of the activity and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was elevated. These findings are consistent with the results of activities of the hepatic enzymes in adult-onset diabetic patients. These patterns of the hepatic enzymes in the spontaneous diabetes rats were different from those in the streptozotocin diabetic rats. From these patterns of activities of the hepatic enzymes, the spontaneous diabetes rats produced by repetition of selective breeding according to Goto et al. (1975,1976) are an excellent model of human adult-onset diabetes.
Tohoku J Exp Med 1978 Sep
PMID:Activities of hepatic enzymes in spontaneous diabetes rats produced by selective breeding of normal Wistar rats. 15 47

Changes in immunoreactive somatostatin were examined in islets, whole pancreas, stomach, and hypothalamus of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. There was no change in islet somatostatin content at 2 days after the administration of streptozotocin, but thereafter, somatostatin progressively increased in the diabetic animals by 45% at 2 weeks, 230% at 6 weeks, and 500% by 6 months. By contrast, islet glucagon rose acutely and maintained a constant 2-fold elevation irrespective of the duration of the diabetes. Morphometric analysis of the somatostatin- and glucagon-producing cells in the islets revealed an apparent augmentation of both cell types. The concentration of somatostatin per total pancreas was also increased in the diabetic animals, suggesting that the islet increase was part of a true increase in pancreatic somatostatin. Pancreatic glucagon was unchanged despite the islet increase. The increase in pancreatic somatostatin was paralleled by an elevation in gastric somatostatin concentration, implying a common mechanism in response to streptozotocin for the somatostatin cells in these two sites. There was no change in hypothalamic somatostatin concentration. Islet somatostatin was also increased in alloxan-diabetic rats. suggesting that streptozotocin does not stimulate the D cells directly.
Endocrinology 1978 Sep
PMID:Changes in somatostatin concentration in pancreas and other tissues of streptozotocin diabetic rats. 15 2


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