Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-four volunteers, mean age 78, including eight mildly non-insulin-dependent diabetics, were randomly allocated to one of two groups and were fed (daily for 8 wk) 9 g of either chromium-rich brewers' yeast (experimental) or chromium-poor torula yeast (control). Before and after yeast supplementation, the serum glucose and insulin response to 100 g oral glucose was measured at 30 min intervals for 2 h. Fasting serum cholesterol, total lipids, and triglycerides were also determined. In the total experimental group (normals + diabetics) and in both the diabetic and nondiabetic experimental subgroups, glucose tolerance improved significantly and insulin output decreased after supplementation. Cholesterol and total lipids fell significantly after supplementation in the total experimental group. The cholesterol decrease was particularly marked in hypercholesterolemic subjects (cholesterol > 300 mg/dl). In the control group, no significant change in glucose tolerance, insulin, triglycerides, or total lipids was found. Cholesterol was significantly lowered in the nondiabetic but not in the diabetic group. Thus, chromium-rich brewers' yeast improved glucose tolerance and total lipids in elderly subjects, while chromium-poor torula yeast did not. An improvement in insulin sensitivity also occurred with brewers' yeast supplementation. This supports the thesis that elderly people may have a low level of chromium and that an effective source for chromium repletion, such as brewers' yeast, may improve their carbohydrate tolerance and total lipids. The improvement in serum cholesterol in some control subjects, as well as in the total experimental group, also suggests the presence of a hypocholesterolemic factor other than chromium in both brewers' and torula yeast.
Diabetes 1980 Nov
PMID:Beneficial effect of chromium-rich yeast on glucose tolerance and blood lipids in elderly subjects. 700 May 89

Fasting plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid were measured in 109 Melanesian residents of Port Moresby and 71 residents of a Papuan coastal village. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels were low, mean cholesterol 3 . 74 and 3 . 70 mM/l and triglycerides 0 . 64 and 0 . 59 mM/l respectively in urban and rural residents, with no relation to age or sex. Uric acid was higher in urban men (0 . 37 mM/l) than either urban women (0 . 26 mM/l) or rural men and women (0 . 25 and 0 . 24 mM/l). The levels of plasma cholesterol found in this study are similar to previous reports on rural populations in Papua New Guinea. The apparent failure of plasma lipids to increase significantly in urbanised residents of port Moresby who had a significantly higher prevalence of both diabetes mellitus and obesity is unexplained.
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PMID:Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and uric acid in urban and rural communities in Papua New Guinea. 700 59

Diurnal profiles of total and lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were measured in 11 insulin-dependent diabetic subjects without retinopathy, 10 with background and 10 with proliferative retinopathy. The groups were closely matched for age and duration of diabetes. Total cholesterol levels were higher in patients with proliferative (5.6 +/- 0.5 mmol/l) than background (5.1 +/- 0.7 mmol/l) or no retinopathy (4.6 +/- 0.8 mmol/l, trend test; p less than 0.003), due to raised levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (3.8 +/- 0.9, 3.2 +/- 0.6 and 2.8 +/- 0.8 mmol/l respectively; p less than 0.02). High density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were similar in patients with and without retinopathy and HDL/LDL ratios were lower with more severe retinopathy (p less than 0.025). Cholesterol levels were similar in diabetic subjects without retinopathy and in 12 normal subjects. Triglyceride levels were not related to retinopathy and no measure of plasma lipids correlated with HbA1 or 24-h mean plasma glucose. Total and LDL cholesterol were weakly inversely correlated with creatinine clearance but the association with retinopathy was independent of this effect.
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PMID:Low density lipoprotein cholesterol: an association with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. 704 26

Cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were measured in Indian patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young (NIDDY). Both cholesterol and triglycerides were increased as compared with reference values. The HDL cholesterol levels were lower in cases of NIDDY. Aberrations in the lipid and lipoprotein levels were more pronounced in males. Significant correlations were found between the levels of cholesterol and glycosylated haemoglobin, and triglycerides and glycosylated haemoglobin; triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were inversely correlated. No correlation was found between triglycerides and obesity. NIDDY does not differ from the more common type of non-insulin-dependent diabetes in mature patients with regard to cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels.
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PMID:Cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young. 706 11

Endothelial cells in culture retain many of the functional properties of the endothelium in vivo. At high cell density, they become contact-inhibited. Endothelial cells, like vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, express binding sites for low density lipoprotein when depleted of sterol. In contact-inhibited endothelial cells (but not actively growing cells), a block to internalization is evident, so that the cells bind but do not interiorize low density lipoprotein. Lipoprotein sterol does not enter the cell or regulate endogenous sterol synthesis. On the other hand, both contact-inhibited and actively growing endothelial cells express a separate receptor for triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Cholesterol in these lipoproteins, unlike that in LDL, effectively regulates sterol synthesis in contact-inhibited endothelial cells and also mediates the accumulation of cholesterol in these cells. These findings are related to current concepts of atherogenesis. Receptors for triglyceride-rich lipoproteins may promote cellular sterol accumulation, release of contact inhibition in the surrounding endothelial cells, and exposure of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells to plasma concentrations of both triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and LDL.
Diabetes 1981
PMID:The endothelium, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and atherosclerosis: insights from cell biology and lipid metabolism. 729 70

Diabetes mellitus was induced in the rats with streptozotocin. Lipoproteins obtained by ultracentrifugation and column chromatography were analyzed. Some groups of rats fed on high cholesterol diet for 3 weeks, others were fed on normal chow. I) In diabetic rats fed on normal chow, the following results were obtained. i) Hypertriglyceridemia, even in fasting state, occurred in the rats whose fasting blood sugar exceeded 270 mg/dl. High density lipoprotein (HDL)-Cholesterol was neither increased, nor decreased. ii) An apoCII peptide, known as the activator of lipoprotein lipase, was decreased in plasma HDL of diabetic rats with hypertriglyceridemia (48% of norm). In diabetic rats without hypertriglyceridemia, the CII peptide was not decreased. iii) An apo E peptide in HDL was decreased significantly (28%-41% of norm). iv) The potency of apoHDL derived from diabetic rats with hypertriglyceridemia for activating lipoprotein lipase was considerably decreased, compared to normal apoHDL. II) In diabetic rats fed on high cholesterol diet (DMC-rats), striking alterations in plasma lipoproteins occurred. i) Compared to normal fed on high cholesterol diet, plasma total cholesterol level rose significantly (7 fold), with an appreciable increase in levels of phospholipids and triglycerides. HDL-cholesterol was decreased. ii) An abnormal peak appeared on agarose column chromatogram. This lipoprotein was estimated to possess an apoE-AII peptide complex, addition to apoB, E, C, AI and AIV, and showed one major band (having a slightly slower mobility than VLDL) and one minor band (alpha mobility) on electrophoresis, and exhibited two types of particles on electronmicroscopy. Diameters of these particles were 40.6 +/- 36.7 A, and 240.3 +/- 47.4 A. iii) The HDL of DMC-rats also had the apoE-AII complex. These results may suggest that the decrease in apoCII in HDL cause the diabetic hypertriglyceridemia, and the apoE-AII complexes observed in cholesterol feeding hinder the incorporation of lipoproteins into the liver.
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PMID:[On the etiology of diabetic hyperlipidemia from the aspects of the metabolism of ApoHDL (author's transl)]. 731 64

Cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid levels were measured in the serum of fasting adult diabetics who regularly attended Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg. A total of 149 subjects were studied (69 males and 80 females). Correlation coefficients were determined between the lipid levels and between additional variables of age, obesity and duration of diabetes. Significant correlations were found between cholesterol and phospholipid levels in males and females and between cholesterol and triglyceride levels in males only. Of interest is the lack of correlation between the degree of obesity and any lipid level. A notable finding was that the cholesterol concentration was bimodally distributed in the males and possibly in the females. About half the subjects had high serum lipid levels, apparently for the duration of their diabetes. In addition, this population showed a large number of other factors associated with a significant risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD); yet, this disease was exceedingly rare in the population. It is suggested that there is some undefined factor(s) which is powerfully protective against CHD in Blacks.
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PMID:Serum lipid levels in black diabetics at Baragwanath Hospital: our concepts of coronary heart disease probed. 740 83

The Prospective Pravastatin Pooling (PPP) project is a pooled evaluation of 3 large, placebo-controlled, randomized trials of cholesterol-lowering treatment with pravastatin. It is designed to more reliably evaluate the effect of treatment on coronary and all-cause mortality and on total coronary artery disease (CAD) events for specific populations of interest, including women and the elderly. The trials--Long-Term Intervention With Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease trial, the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events trial, and the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study--each have common design features, including drug, dose, and duration. The project prospectively defines the objectives, end points, and analytic plans in a protocol developed before results are known of any individual trial. More than 2,000 (or 10%) of the participants in the pooled data set are women, 1,841 are aged > or = 70 years at trial entry, and > 6,000 have a total cholesterol < 5.5 mmol/L (213 mg/dl). The mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level is 4.2 mmol/L (162 mg/dl). The mean blood pressure level is 134/81 mm Hg and 20% are current smokers. Half of the PPP participants have had a prior myocardial infarction. More than 7% have a history of diabetes and 26% have a history of hypertension. PPP is projected to have data on about 1,100 CAD deaths, 500 non-CAD deaths, and > 1,000 cancers by study completion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Design, rational, and baseline characteristics of the Prospective Pravastatin Pooling (PPP) project--a combined analysis of three large-scale randomized trials: Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID), Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE), and West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS). 748 29

Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for the development of coronary disease. It does not present with symptoms and can be diagnosed by laboratory examination only. Screening is the only means to detect subjects at risk at a time when preventive measures can effectively be applied. We therefore initiated the Bavarian Cholesterol Screening Project (BCSP). Occasional screening was performed in 150,089 subjects (81,286 women, 68,803 men) in 214 campaigns. The mean cholesterol value was 243 +/- 52 mg/dl for women and 231 +/- 53 mg/dl for men; 37.3% of women and 38.1% of men had values of 201-250 mg/dl, 42.2% of women and 33.7% of men values > 250 mg/dl. Also, the following risk factors were recorded: smoking in 11.3% of women and in 20.2% of men, hypertension in 19.8% of women and 17.4% of men, diabetes mellitus in 4.2% of women and 4.1% of men, obesity in 16.8% of women and 20.9% of men, and a family history of myocardial infarction in 34.8% of women and 26.0% of men. Of the 27,084 men who had their cholesterol checked for the first time, 35.6% had levels between 201 and 250 mg/dl, and 22.9% had levels above 250 mg/dl. Of the 27,870 women whose cholesterol level had not been checked before, 38.8% had levels between 201 and 250 mg/dl, and 27.1% had levels above 250 mg/dl. More than 70% of the subjects with levels between 200 and 250 mg/dl had at least one additional risk factor. We conclude, on the basis of this study, that the risk factor hypercholesterolemia is unknown in as much as 20% of the population of Bavaria. These newly detected subjects were offered the opportunity to recognize this risk and take subsequent measures of prevention. Screening projects for hypercholesterolemia therefore can be an effective means of improving public health.
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PMID:Results and efficacy of public screening for hypercholesterolemia: the Bavarian Cholesterol Screening Project. 749 May 93

We evaluated cerebrovascular risk factors and the values of cholesterol and triglicerides in the survey in Muro d'Alcoi using a door-to-door randomised interview. We found 14.9% hypertensives, 5.5% persons with diabetes, 1.2% with heart diseases and 42.1 persons with tabaccoism into the 646 persons evaluated. The Serum Cholesterol levels were high and we observed that 62% of males and 63.8% of females had values higher than 200 mg/dl. Our study showed that 24.8% of males and 12% of females presented values of triglicerides higher than 150 mg/dl. The data of risk factors were comparable with the findings described in Beniarres, Lorcha and Planes, located in the same healthy area.
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PMID:[Descriptive epidemiology of risk factors in cerebrovascular disorders:a study in Muro d'Alcoi]. 749 6


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