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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cholesterol embolism after left heart catheterisation by the femoral approach was diagnosed in seven men (mean age 59.6 years) out of a total of 4587 catheterisations. Diabetes was present in four patients, systemic hypertension in three, and signs of extensive atherosclerosis in six; five patients were taking anticoagulant drugs. Acute pain in the legs or abdomen occurred in six patients, two of whom had abdominal angina; renal failure was present in six patients, cutaneous manifestations in five, and a cholesterol embolus was seen in the retina in one. Six out of six patients had an appreciable increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and five out of five had eosinophilia within a week of catheterisation. Renal failure was progressive in five patients, one of whom required haemodialysis. Three patients required amputation of the toes because of gangrene. Four patients died within four and a half months of catheterisation from causes not directly related to cholesterol embolism. At necropsy cholesterol emboli were found in all four patients. Cholesterol embolism is a rare but serious complication of left heart catheterisation.
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PMID:Cholesterol embolism as a complication of left heart catheterisation. Report of seven cases. 646 20

This study was conducted to investigate chromium metabolism and the effect of chromium supplementation in patients with Turner's syndrome, a condition noted for its high incidence of diabetes. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in 14 patients 8 to 19 yr of age. Eight of the 14 subjects were given 30 g of brewer's yeast containing 50 micrograms of chromium every day for 8 wk and glucose tolerance tests repeated. Urine samples were collected before and after each glucose load. Serum lipids were also investigated. Before supplementation, urinary chromium/creatinine ratio was high, and the urinary chromium response to oral glucose tolerance test was absent. Cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels were high in three of the patients. After supplementation, a decrease in urinary Cr/Cre ratio, and an improvement in glucose area index total were noted. A decrease in cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels occurred in the three patients with high initial levels as well as an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. These findings indicate a state of chromium deficiency and support the hypothesis that chromium deficiency may have a role in the pathogenesis of the abnormal glucose tolerance tests encountered in Turner patients.
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PMID:Alterations of chromium metabolism and effect of chromium supplementation in Turner's syndrome patients. 662 99

The influence of plasma lipid disorders on red blood cell (RBC) lipid pattern and some related erythrocyte membrane functions, such as glycerol (GLT50) permeability and erythrocyte deformability was studied in diabetes mellitus. Significantly higher red blood cell cholesterol content, GLT50 and erythrocyte filtration time values were found in diabetics. GLT50 values were found closely related to both RBC cholesterol content (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001) and filtration time (r = 0.60, p less than 0.001). Interestingly, six diabetics with retinopathy showed GLT50 values above 60 sec. The RBC Cholesterol/Phospholipids molar ratio was significantly higher in diabetics. The most notable changes of plasma lipid pattern in diabetics were a decrease of both plasma HDL cholesterol, phospholipids and Apolipoprotein A levels with an increase of HDL free cholesterol/phospholipids molar ratio. RBC cholesterol content was found to be inversely related to HDL esterified/free cholesterol molar ratio (r = -0.56, p less than 0.001), while RBC cholesterol/phospholipids molar ratio was significantly related to both HDL free cholesterol/phospholipids (r = 0.51, p. 0.001) and to LDL total cholesterol/phospholipids (r = 0.25, p less than 0.05). Lastly, HDL cholesterol levels were found to inversely relate to glycosylated haemoglobin values (r = -0.54, p less than 0.01).
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PMID:Alterations of erythrocyte lipid pattern and of some membrane related functions as a consequence of plasma lipid disorder in diabetes mellitus. 666 63

Recent studies have demonstrated that cholesterol synthesis is increased two- to threefold in the intestines of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Cholesterol synthesis in tissues other than the intestines, including the liver, was not significantly altered by diabetes. In diabetic Chinese hamsters, cholesterol synthesis was increased 2.5-fold in both the small and large intestine. These observations are similar to our findings in diabetic rats and suggest that a stimulation of intestinal cholesterogenesis may be a uniform phenomenon in insulinopenic diabetes. In db/db mice, cholesterol synthesis was increased in both the liver and intestines but quantitatively the increase in hepatic cholesterogenesis was of much greater magnitude. Cholesterol feeding, which markedly inhibited hepatic cholesterol synthesis in both control and db/db mice, did not obliterate this difference in hepatic cholesterol synthesis. In ob/ob mice, the severity of the metabolic disturbances was less than that observed in db/db mice and no abnormalities in cholesterol synthesis were observed in animals ingesting a low cholesterol diet. However, in ob/ob mice fed a high cholesterol diet, hepatic cholesterol synthesis was increased. These observations suggest that in obese insulin resistant diabetic animals of milder severity, the abnormality in hepatic cholesterol synthesis manifests itself only when the animals are ingesting a high cholesterol diet. The results of this and previous studies suggest that in insulinopenic diabetes there is a stimulation of cholesterol synthesis that is localized to the intestines, whereas in obese, insulin-resistant diabetic animals, cholesterol synthesis is altered in the liver.
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PMID:De novo cholesterol synthesis in three different animal models of diabetes. 671 41

The effects of continuous ambulant (CAPD) and continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) on a series of laboratory parameters in the blood and dialysate were assessed in two groups of nine juvenile diabetics each, suffering from terminal renal failure. The CCPD patients showed higher urea and creatinine levels in serum and, as a result of lower protein loss via the dialysate, also higher total protein and transferrin concentrations than the CAPD patients. The glucose absorption of the CCPD patients was about 50% lower than of the CAPD patients. Control of diabetes was equally successful with both procedures, the HbA1 values were less than 10%. The triglycerides were lowered by both CAPD and CCPD on the condition that the absorbed glucose amounts were included in the calculation of the dietary adjustment. Cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol remained unchanged. Thus CCPD appears to have advantages over CAPD, especially with respect to the lowering of the glucose absorption and the protein loss. The wider application of both methods will be, however, less influenced by the metabolic parameters than by other factors such as reduction of the risk of peritonitis.
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PMID:[Metabolic parameters of CAPD and CCPD in diabetics with terminal renal insufficiency]. 673 46

Hyperlipidemia is common in diabetic patients. While our understanding of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes is incomplete, a pathophysiologic approach to this problem is presented. It is based on the recognition that diabetes is metabolically heterogeneous. Thus the roles of insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, obesity, and genetic factors are discussed in relation to their effects on lipoprotein production and catabolism. The most important defect in insulin-deficient subjects appears to be a deficiency of lipoprotein lipase, which is responsible for the removal of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. In non-insulin-dependent subjects there is evidence for a removal defect as well as, in some patients, for overproduction of VLDL-triglyceride. Cholesterol levels may be elevated and it is important to distinguish between VLDL, LDL, and HDL as the causes for these increases. HDL-cholesterol levels may be increased in insulin-dependent subjects, whereas they may be decreased in obese non-insulin-dependent patients. Mild elevations of LDL-cholesterol may occur in inadequately controlled type I and II diabetic patients, while elevated VLDL may raise the serum cholesterol in addition to the triglyceride levels. The rationale for therapy is based on the complications of severe hypertriglyceridemia and the risk of occlusive atherosclerosis. Management is directed at improving glycemic control, altering dietary composition, and reducing calories in obese patients. Improved glycemic control is effective in reducing triglyceride and cholesterol levels in insulin-deficient subjects. The response of the non-insulin-dependent diabetic patient to improved control may be complicated by associated obesity or familial hyperlipidemia. The advantages and disadvantages of fat versus carbohydrate restriction in the diet are discussed. Finally, resistant hyperlipidemia may require drug therapy. Diabetic hyperlipidemia should be viewed as resulting from an interaction between the diabetic syndrome, the genetic background of the patient, and the environment.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Lipid disorders in diabetes. 675 32

Previous studies have demonstrated an enhanced intestinal uptake (Jd) of nutrients in diabetes mellitus in the rat, and the present studies were undertaken to determine the effect of dietary modifications on the Jd of cholesterol. In control rats, cholesterol Jd was highest in animals fed a low cholesterol diet, and lowest in those fed a high protein diet. Cholesterol Jd was highest in diabetic animals fed a high carbohydrate diet. Cholesterol Jd was higher in diabetic than in control rats only when they were fed the high carbohydrate diet; cholesterol Jd was similar in diabetic and control animals fed a high cholesterol, high protein, or low protein diet, and was lower in diabetic than control rats fed a low cholesterol diet. These changes in cholesterol Jd were not explained by differences in parameters of intestinal structure, weight gain, or food consumption. Thus the differences in cholesterol Jd observed between diabetic and control animals may be modified by varying the composition of the diet, and avoiding a high carbohydrate diet prevents the enhanced Jd of cholesterol in drug-induced diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Effect of dietary modification on the enhanced uptake of cholesterol in diabetic rats. 682 86

Previous studies have demonstrated that de novo cholesterol synthesis is increased two- to threefold in the intestines of diabetic animals. This increase is due to a stimulation of cholesterogenesis in both the small and large intestine but, quantitatively, the small intestine is primarily responsible for the observed increase. The present study examined the effect of cholesterol feeding and alterations of bile acid homeostasis on de novo sterol synthesis in intact normal and diabetic animals. Cholesterol feeding in the control animals did not affect sterol synthesis in the small intestine, but in diabetic animals cholesterol feeding markedly inhibited small intestinal sterologenesis. The threefold stimulation of small intestinal sterol synthesis observed in diabetic animals is completely obliterated by cholesterol ingestion. Moreover, this inhibition of sterol synthesis by cholesterol feeding in the small intestine of diabetic animals occurred very rapidly (within 36 h). In the large intestine, cholesterol feeding did not influence sterol synthesis in either the diabetic or control animals. In the liver, cholesterol feeding markedly inhibited sterol synthesis to similar degrees in the diabetics and controls. Colestipol feeding and biliary drainage, procedures that reduce bile acid pool size, stimulated sterol synthesis in the liver and small intestine of both diabetic and control animals. However, reductions in bile acid pool size increased sterologenesis in the large intestine in control animals but had no effect in the diabetics. Bile acid ingestion did not alter either small or large intestinal sterologenesis in the diabetic or control animals. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the sterol synthesis is enhanced in the small and large intestine of diabetic animals and, moreover, both the cholesterol- and bile acid-mediated regulation of cholesterol synthesis in the intestines of the diabetic animals is altered from normal.
Diabetes 1983 Apr
PMID:The effect of cholesterol feeding and alterations in bile acid homeostasis on de novo sterologenesis in diabetic rats. 683 91

Cholesterol synthesis rate, as determined by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity, is characterized in the major organs of genetically diabetic mice. Both C57BL/Ks db+/db+ and C57BL/6 ob+/ob+ mice are hyperinsulinemic and insulin-resistant. These animals demonstrate loss of the circadian rhythm of hepatic reductase activity and a tendency for increased intestinal activity. As a result, proportionally more endogenous cholesterol synthesis occurs in intestinal mucosa than liver in genetically diabetic animals. Thus, the alterations in activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase which are observed in animal models of diabetes are the result of diminished insulin effect rather than insulin level.
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PMID:Hepatic and intestinal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in genetically diabetic mice. 687 Aug 77

Glucose intolerance was found in 22% of the residents of Koki in Port Moresby, 5% of residents in the coastal village of Kalo and in 3% of 120 young civil servants. The respective prevalences of frank diabetes mellitus were 15.6%, 1% and 0%. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels were similar and low in all groups, despite both obesity and glucose intolerance in the urban-Koki residents who also had a significantly higher blood pressure. There is a need to identify those areas of Papua New Guinea where, in a similar fashion to other countries in the South Pacific, diabetes mellitus is increasing. Simple measures of dietary restriction and increased exercise may be effective in preventing diabetes from becoming a major health problem particularly in identified high prevalence areas.
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PMID:Diabetic surveys in Papua New Guinea - results and implications. 695 41


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