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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sucrose density gradient analysis of purified pancreatic homogenates from glycaemic C57BL/Ks diabetes (db/db) mice and their normoglycaemic controls have revealed the presence in the diabetics of increased Mg++-dependent RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity sedimenting with a density of approximately 1.21 g/cm3. Electron microscopy revealed that this fraction contained typical intracisternal A-particles. Purified cultures of pancreatic islet cells 4--7 day old postnatal "misty diabetic" mice and normal siblings were established and then maintained in Eagle's minimal essential medium without serum. Under these conditions, the presence of intracisternal A-particles in beta cells of both mutant and control genotypes was very rare. No change in numbers of intracisternal A-particles was seen after 2--4 days of incubation in Dulbecco's-modified minimal essential medium containing 5.5 mmol/l glucose. However, when the glucose concentration of Dulbecco's medium was elevated to 16.5 mmol/l, ultrastructural changes specific to the beta cell population occurred that were reminiscent of those alterations observed in situ. Intracisternal A-particles were commonly seen in cultured beta cells showing hypersecretion-stress morphology. Since equal numbers of intracisternal A-particles were present in cultured beta cells from normal and mutant mice, it was concluded that the db gene itself was not required for intracisternal A-particle expression. The cell culture results suggest that elevated intracisternal A-particle activity observed in vivo may be produced directly or indirectly by the ambient high blood glucose levels characteristic of this mutant.
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PMID:Intracisternal A-particles in genetically diabetic mice: identification in pancreas and induction in cultured beta cells. 22 51

The 50-g oGTT was applied to pregnant women suspected of having contracted diabetes. Carbohydrate tolerances were pathological in 23.6 per cent of all probands and in borderline vicinity in 17.9 per cent. The oral glucose tainting test thus worked according to expectation by revealing a relatiively high frequency of disorders of the carbohydrate tolerance. Yet, impaired insulin secretion was established rarely, with high response having been recorded from only seven per cent and delayed insulin secretion from 4.1 per cent. Low response was not found at all. No correlations were found to exist, by the 50-g oGTT, between disorders of the carbohydrate tolerance and insulin secretion. The groups involved differed but little with regard to their IRI mean value curves. Sugar excretion in urine was found to be increased with significance in response to pathological carbohydrate tolerance in early pregnancy and may be used as a complementary criterion for diagnosis.
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PMID:[Incidence of gestational diabetes and changes in insulin secretion of pregnant women (author's transl)]. 48 97

Sugar and fat metabolism were studied in a group of obese women without diabetes. Blood triglicerides and cholesterol were, on average, within normal limits, though endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia was noted in a few cases. Triglycerides were significantly related to blood sugar (baseline and after glucose loading), whereas there was no significant connection with blood insulin. The meaning of these results is discussed.
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PMID:[Physiopathological correlations between carbohydrate and lipid metabolicm and obesity]. 68 62

In 23 patients with diabetes mellitus, the effectiveness of anesthesiologic support of the operations on the aorta and major vessels, which was based on combined epidural anesthesia performed using the conventional technique, was analysed. Sugar concentration in the blood was maintained at a level of no more than 11 mmol/l. Use of the method permitted to provide an adequate anesthesia, stable concentration of glucose in the blood, constant aqueous-electrolyte balance and acid-base state.
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PMID:[Anesthesiologic management of surgery of the aorta and the major vessels in patients with diabetes mellitus]. 177 72

Our pilot study compared the short-term glycemic effects of a traditional "sucrose free" diet (Suc-Free, 2% total calories from sucrose) to a sucrose-containing diet (Suc-Con, 10% total calories from sucrose) in a clinical research center. Both weighed diets were isocaloric and included 50% carbohydrate, 30% fat, and 20% protein in three meals and three snacks; glucose, fructose, and dietary fiber were identical. Sucrose isocalorically replaced complex carbohydrate at each meal and for the afternoon snack. Ten children (7 to 12 years of age; mean total hemoglobin A1 level 8.9 +/- 0.3%) were randomly assigned, in a crossover design, to one of the two orders (Suc-Free followed by Suc-Con or Suc-Con followed by Suc-Free) for consecutive 2-day diet periods; insulin doses remained constant. Preprandial and postprandial blood glucose levels were measured for each meal and snack (18 measurements per day). To account for baseline differences, we calculated the change in blood glucose levels from baseline to 30 minutes and 1 hour for each meal and snack (mean +/- SEM). No differences were detected between diets. Total area under the glucose response curve (levels measured hourly from 8 AM to 9:30 PM in milligrams per deciliter) was not significantly different for the two diets (Suc-Free 3672 +/- 240; Suc-Con 3574 +/- 285; p = 0.74). No difference in 24-hour urinary glucose levels (measured in grams per day) was detected between the two diets (Suc-Free 35.6 +/- 7.5; Suc-Con 34.5 +/- 7.5; p = 0.84). Incidences of hyperglycemia that required supplemental short-acting insulin and of mild hypoglycemia were similar for both diet periods. Thus, in a controlled setting and during a short study period, children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had a similar glycemic response to diets with and without a moderate amount of sucrose.
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PMID:Glycemic response to sucrose-containing mixed meals in diets of children of with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 191 89

Adrenergic innervation of tibial and vagus nerves was studied after 1-16 weeks duration of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. Sucrose-phosphate glyoxylic acid (SPG) histochemistry and the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF) method were used to demonstrate adrenergic nerve fibers in the epi-perineurial and endoneurial compartments. Densities of innervation were quantitated with fluorescence microscopy. The density of periarteriolar adrenergic innervation in the epi-perineurium of the tibial and vagus nerves was increased 5 and 12 weeks after STZ injections as compared with control. At 16 weeks, mean densities of periarteriolar innervation in epi-perineurium had returned to or below control levels in both nerve types. In the endoneurium, however, the mean density of adrenergic nerve fibers decreased gradually at 5 weeks after induction of diabetes in both nerves, and was totally absent at 12 weeks. At 16 weeks no sign of recovering innervation in the endoneurium was seen. In conclusion, adrenergic innervation goes through similar pathological alterations both in tibial and vagus nerves shortly after the induction of streptozotocin diabetes. These changes may contribute to diabetic peripheral neuropathy by impairing the regulation of nerve blood flow.
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PMID:Adrenergic innervation in the tibial and vagus nerves of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. 214 Sep 50

It is now recognized that dietary carbohydrate components influence the prevalence and severity of common degenerative diseases such as dental problems, diabetes, heart disease and obesity. Fructose and sucrose have been evaluated and compared to glucose using glucose tolerance tests, but few such comparisons have been performed for a "natural" sugar source such as honey. In this study, 33 upper trimester chiropractic students volunteered for oral glucose tolerance testing comparing sucrose, fructose and honey during successive weeks. A 75-gm carbohydrate load in 250 ml of water was ingested and blood sugar readings were taken at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 minutes. Fructose showed minimal changes in blood sugar levels, consistent with other studies. Sucrose gave higher blood sugar readings than honey at every measurement, producing significantly (p less than .05) greater glucose intolerance. Honey provided the fewest subjective symptoms of discomfort. Given that honey has a gentler effect on blood sugar levels on a per gram basis, and tastes sweeter than sucrose so that fewer grams would be consumed, it would seem prudent to recommend honey over sucrose.
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PMID:Differential effects of honey, sucrose, and fructose on blood sugar levels. 200 97

Vitamin A (retinol) is required for insulin secretion, and retinoic acid substitutes for retinol in this function. To determine if retinol acts at the beta-cell level, we assayed beta-cells of the rat insulinoma (RINm5F) line for cytosolic retinol- and retinoic acid-binding proteins (CRBP and CRABP) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and [3H]retinol and [3H]retinoic acid binding to cytosol extracts. Furthermore, we tested whether insulin release from cells was affected by addition of retinol or retinoic acid to culture medium. RINm5F cells were grown to near confluence before assay of CRBP and CRABP. Scatchard analysis showed the Kd for retinol to be approximately 6 nM at a level of 4.5 pmol/mg protein or 300,000 sites/cell. Sucrose density-gradient assay showed single discrete peaks migrating at 2S for both retinol and retinoic acid. RIA of whole-cell extracts showed CRBP and CRABP levels of 5.27 +/- 0.41 and 2.95 +/- 0.75 pmol/mg protein, respectively. Retinol (1.75 microM) and retinoic acid (0.175 and 1.75 microM) increased KCl-induced insulin release. Considered together, the presence of CRBP and CRABP in a beta-cell line and the increase in KCl-induced insulin release by retinol and retinoic acid are consistent with the idea that retinol has a functional role in insulin secretion and suggest a potential mechanism of action at the beta-cell level similar to that observed in other retinoid-responsive cells.
Diabetes 1989 Dec
PMID:Cytoplasmic retinoid-binding proteins and retinoid effects on insulin release in RINm5F beta-cells. 255 41

The paper describes results after a study of pathochemical disturbances of diabetic hyperglycemia on a model of alloxan diabetes. Sugar and amino nitrogen contents in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber, anterior and posterior segments of the crystalline lens, the iris, ciliary body, choroid and the retina were studied and the data obtained were compared with quantitative contents of sugar and amino nitrogen in the eliminate from the eyes of experimental animals. High amounts of sugar and amino nitrogen, infrequently exceeding 2-3 times in controls, were found to appear in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber, the crystalline lens, the vitreous body. In all tests the sugar and amino nitrogen contents in the posterior segment of the lens was 10-12% higher than in its anterior segment. The data obtained about accumulation of sugar and amino nitrogen mainly in tissues and media of the eye (the lens, the vitreous) affected by diabetic process already at its early stages widen the knowledge about pathogenesis of the process and peculiarities of its pathochemistry.
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PMID:[The pathochemistry of the diabetic process in the eye based on data on experimental hyperglycemia (alloxan diabetes)]. 258 77

The effects of sucrose feeding on in vivo kinetics of triglyceride metabolism were compared in rats aged 2 and 12 months. Sucrose was supplied as a 10% solution in their drinking water for 2 weeks. Although plasma triglyceride concentrations doubled with age, total triglyceride secretion rates for the whole rat (mg/min/rat) increased by 40%, suggesting a decrease in the efficiency of triglyceride removal from plasma with aging. The rate of triglyceride secretion per unit body mass (mg/min/kg body weight), however, decreased by 40% as the rats grew to 12 months of age. These age-related differences were statistically significant only in rats receiving supplementary sucrose. Feeding sucrose to rats of both ages doubled the secretion rates of triglyceride not only for the whole rat but also per unit body mass. However, it tripled triglyceride concentrations, implying that the sugar decreases the removal efficiency of plasma triglyceride equally in rats at either age. Fasting hypertriglyceridemia induced by sucrose supplement was much greater in old rats than in young rats (162 +/- 30 vs. 80 +/- 8 mg/dl). The present studies demonstrate that dietary sucrose enhances age-related changes in triglyceride kinetics in the rat.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1989 Apr 01
PMID:Effects of dietary sucrose on age-related changes in VLDL-triglyceride kinetics in the rat. 265 68


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