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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The dynamic properties of intact erythrocyte membrane in diabetic patients were investigated by means of electron spin resonance using three stearic acid spin labels (SAL): 5-, 12-, and 16-SAL. Significantly lower levels of erythrocyte membrane fluidity were revealed with 16-SAL as a probe in diabetic patients when compared with normal controls. However, there were no significant differences in fluidity values using 5- or 12-SAL between the two groups. Therefore, it became obvious that the decrease in fluidity was located in deeper sites (hydrophobic region) of the erythrocyte double membrane in diabetic patients. It was strongly suggested that changes in the membrane cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratios are not a principal factor contributing to the fluidity change. A significant increase of sphingomyelin and decrease of phosphatidylethanolamine were found in the erythrocyte membrane of diabetic patients and an alteration in membrane phospholipid classes and their acyl-chains could conceivably be related to the fluidity change. There were no significant correlations between change in membrane fluidity and most plasma lipids, plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyl-transferase activities, erythrocyte glycosylated hemoglobin, erythrocyte adenosine triphosphate, fasting blood glucose or duration of the disease. Plasma cholesterol of high-density lipoprotein showed a significant negative correlation with the membrane fluidity values. Some of the possible factors contributing to and the significance of the lower levels of erythrocyte membrane fluidity were discussed in conjunction with both metabolic and clinical aspects in diabetic patients.
Diabetes 1983 Jul
PMID:Lower levels of erythrocyte membrane fluidity in diabetic patients. A spin label study. 630 49

Fatty acid composition in lecithin and C-peptide was analysed in amniotic fluid samples obtained from 28 normal and 24 insulin-treated diabetic women in the 34th to 39th week of pregnancy. The pattern of changes of fatty acid composition of amniotic fluid (AF) lecithin was essentially the same in pregnancies complicated by diabetes as in non-diabetic controls. However, at 36/37 weeks, the mean values for palmitoleic acid (16:1) were statistically higher in diabetic women (P less than 0.02), and the mean values for stearic acid (18:0) were higher for normals (P less than 0.02). The mean C-peptide value was more than twice as high (0.71 nmol/l) in the diabetic group than in the control group (P less than 0.01). The lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) and palmitic/stearic acid (P/S) ratios were equal in both groups. Neither in five diabetic patients with fetuses indicating marked hyperinsulinism (C-peptide greater than 1.0 nmol/l) nor in the remaining group of patients was there any relationship between C-peptide levels and the lecithin fatty acid composition.
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PMID:Fatty acid composition of amniotic fluid lecithin and its relationship to amniotic fluid C-peptide in diabetic pregnancy. 653 35

The authors studied acute changes in the fatty acid composition of the tissues of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. They found that streptozotocin diabetes led to changes in the total lipids fatty acid spectrum in serum and in tissues (liver, adipose tissue, renal cortex diaphragm). After only 7 days' diabetes there was an increase in the percentual proportion of saturated fatty acids and a decrease in the amount of polyene fatty acids in the serum and in all the above tissue of diabetic animals. Palmitic acid (16:0) participated in the increase in the proportion of saturated fatty acids in all the given tissues, while stearic acid (18:0) played a role in the increase in the renal cortex and the serum. Among the monoene acids, there was a drop in the proportion of palmitoleic acid (16:1) in the adipose tissue and serum and in the amount of oleic acid (18:1) in the renal cortex, liver and muscle. Linoleic acid (18:2) played a role in the decrease in the proportion of polyene acids in all the given tissues and the serum, while arachidonic acid (20:4) was involved in the drop in the renal cortex, liver and muscle. The results show that diabetes leads to changes in the fatty acid composition of the renal cortex and muscle, as well as of the liver and adipose tissue. At present it is not yet clear whether there is an absolute decrease in the proportion of essential fatty acids, or whether diabetes is characterized by an increase in the amount of lipids in both serum and tissues.
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PMID:The fatty acid composition of the tissues of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 664 91

Forty-eight patients with symptoms of angina pectoris were studied for adipose tissue fatty acid composition and cardiovascular risk factors while hospitalized for selective coronary angiography. Patients with manifest diabetes mellitus and deviations form the "normal" customary diet were excluded. Pairwise comparison between the groups with absent, slight, moderate, and severe coronary arteriosclerosis showed reasonable comparability for age, relative body weight, and skinfold measurements. The proportion of smokers, but not of hypertensives, showed a significant positive relationship with the degree of arteriosclerosis. Serum cholesterol was similar in all four groups, while triglycerides were clearly, but not significantly (P greater than 0.05) higher in patients with coronary arteriosclerosis. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) index was significantly higher in moderate and severe disease. Significantly higher proportions for palmitic acid lower proportions for linoleic acid were also found in these two groups. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive association with coronary arteriosclerosis for: OGTT index greater than palmitic acid greater than arachidonic acid greater than triglycerides. The close negative association between the proportion of stearic acid in adipose tissue and coronary heart disease observed in two previous studies could not be confirmed. On the basis of the present study, stearic acid correlates with age rather than with arteriosclerotic disease.
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PMID:Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue, blood, lipids, and glucose tolerance in patients with different degrees of angiographically documented coronary arteriosclerosis. 680 19

For the prediction of fetal lung maturity the palmitin stearic acid quotient (P/S ratio) was obtained by amniocentesis from 83 amniotic fluid samples of normal pregnancies, between the 28th and 40th week of pregnancy. This ratio was compared with the surface characteristics of the amniotic fluid in the Wilhelmy balance. A significant correlation was established between these two methods (correlation ellipsis r = 0.82, p < 0.01). The P/S ratio curve showed a marked increase during the 32nd and 36th week of pregnancy, indicating lung maturity. The P/S > 3 value usually reached during the 35th week of pregnancy indicates lung maturity. During the same time amniotic fluid samples were also obtained by amniocentesis from 37 complicated pregnancies. The surface tension as well as the P/S ratio were compared with the already established normal curves. A deceleration was found in cases of rhesusincompatibility and diabetes mellitus. In patients with EPH-gestosis and placental insufficiency only a slight acceleration towards the end of pregnancy was observed. Statistical proof of these trends was not feasible due to the limited number of patients in each group. Comparing the two methods regarding the predictability of pulmonary function in infants, the P/S ratio showed a larger number of false positive findings than the surface tension measurement method. Both methods produced an equal number of false negatives. Optimum results can be obtained by combining P/S ratio and surface tension measurements. This procedure is prognostically accurate in more than 96% of all cases.
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PMID:[Evaluation of P/S ratio and surface-tension measurements in amniotic fluid for prediction of pulmonary fetal maturity (author's transl)]. 693 51

The in vivo effects of pantethine were investigated on serum lipids and platelet lipid and platelet functions in 31 diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia. Pantethine decreased cholesterol from 236 +/- 62 mg/dl (M +/- SD) to 217 +/- 51 mg/dl (p less than 0.01) and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol from 40 +/- 11mg/dl to 43 +/- 15 mg/dl. The diabetic platelets were larger when accompanied by higher microviscosity that healthy platelets. The characteristics of lipid composition in diabetic platelets were high levels of free cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride, cholesterol ester, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitoleic acid/palmitic acid and low levels of the molar ratio of free cholesterol/phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, oleic acid, arachidonic acid and oleic acid/stearic acid. Pantethine normalized these values of fatty acids to the control levels, and concomitantly reduced significantly the hyperaggregation of platelets induced by 10(6) M ADP and the hyper-ADP release reaction from platelets when exposed to 2 microgram of collagen, and made the volume smaller and the microviscosity lower after oral administration. From these data, it was concluded that pantethine normalized the abnormalities of serum lipids as well as platelet lipid compositions and subsequently reduced the hyper-aggregation and hyper-release reactions through the changes of volume and microviscosity of the platelets in diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Influence of pantethine on platelet volume, microviscosity, lipid composition and functions in diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia. 725 94

This study was performed to determine whether vitamin E supplementation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated by insulin could reduce serum oxidation markers (malondialdehyde: MDA, Schiff bases, anti-protein-MDA adduct antibodies) and modulate lipid changes. After 10 weeks, diabetes induced in rats a significant increase in Schiff bases (P < 0.006) and anti-protein-MDA adduct antibodies (P < 0.01). These alterations were accompanied by a significant rise in serum free fatty acids (225%), triglycerides (35%), and phospholipids (30%) and changes in fatty acid distribution in these fractions and in cholesterol esters. Vitamin E supplementation in diabetic rats reduced Schiff bases and anti-protein-MDA adduct antibodies and tended to restore the fatty acid profile close to control rats without decreasing quantitatively serum lipids enhanced by diabetes. Concerning fatty acids, vitamin E chiefly reduced stearic acid (C18:0) in free fatty acids, cholesterol esters, and phospholipids and cancelled the decrease in low molecular triglycerides observed in diabetic rats. Furthermore, vitamin E maintained the ratio of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly with respect to oleic acid (C18:1), dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (C20:3 n-6), eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 n-3), and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5 n-3), in serum phospholipids. These changes observed in vitamin E supplemented rats, compared to vitamin E-untreated diabetic rats, could favor prevention of accelerated atherogenesis. Particularly, the decrease of serum peroxides and enhancement in phospholipid fatty acids (C20:3 n-6, C20:5 n-3, and C22:5 n-3) could induce the preferential formation of prostaglandins (PGE1, PGI2, PGI3) which are protective in cardiovascular diseases.
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PMID:High dosage vitamin E effect on oxidative status and serum lipids distribution in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 812 91

Alterations of fatty acid composition have been observed in a number of tissues in both experimental and human diabetes. Suppression of delta 6 desaturase in the liver, a key enzyme of fatty acid desaturation, has been reported to be responsible for these phenomena. We measured the fatty acid composition of the liver and the erythrocytes, and examined delta 6 desaturase activities to compare the effect of short-term insulin therapy on the tissues with and without delta 6 desaturase, ie., the liver and the erythrocytes using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Linoleic (P < 0.05), palmitic (P < 0.01) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid (P < 0.01) were higher and arachidonic (P < 0.01) and oleic acid (P < 0.01) were lower in the liver microsomes of diabetic rats when compared to those in control rats. These alterations were partly reversed with insulin treatment. In the erythrocyte membrane, linoleic (P < 0.01) and stearic acid (P < 0.05) were higher, and palmitic (P < 0.05), palmitoleic (P < 0.01), and arachidonic acid (P < 0.01) were lower in diabetic rats. In contrast to the case of the liver microsomes, however, these alterations were persistently observed after 48 h of insulin treatment. The activities of delta 6 desaturase in diabetic rats were 68% of those of controls (P < 0.05), and increased to 119% of controls after insulin treatment. These results show that insulin restores the fatty acid composition earlier in the liver microsome than in the erythrocyte membrane in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The erythrocyte membrane would not be suitable for the investigation dealing with rapid changes of fatty acid composition.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995 Aug
PMID:Insulin restores fatty acid composition earlier in liver microsomes than erythrocyte membranes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 859 4

Inflammatory cytokines may participate in the destruction of pancreatic islets during the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) strongly inhibits insulin secretion from rat pancreatic islets by a process which involves induction of expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase and the overproduction of nitric oxide. The signaling events between IL-1 receptor occupancy and induction of nitric oxide synthase in rat islets involve activation of the transcriptional activator NFkappa B. Because sphingomyelin hydrolysis has been implicated as a signaling process both in NFkappa B activation and in IL-1 action in some cells, we have examined the potential involvement of sphingomyelin hydrolysis in the induction of islet nitric oxide overproduction by IL-1. Rat islet sphingomyelin pools were radiolabeled with [3H]choline, and sphingomyelin was then isolated by normal phase HPLC. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric analysis revealed islet sphingomyelin consists of at least 4 distinct molecular species, and the most abundant of them contained sphingosine as the long chain base and a residue of palmitic acid as the fatty acid substituent. Molecular species containing residues of stearic acid and arachidic acid were also observed. Neither interleukin-1 nor tumor necrosis factor-alpha was found to induce hydrolysis of islet sphingomyelin species, and neither an exogenous, cell-permeant ceramide species (N-acetyl-D-sphingosine) nor exogenous sphingomyelinase mimicked or potentiated the effect of IL-1 to increase rat islet nitric oxide generation, as reflected by nitrite production. Similar findings were obtained with RINm5F insulinoma cells and with mouse pancreatic islets. These findings provide the first information on the molecular species of sphingomyelin in pancreatic islets and suggest that sphingomyelin hydrolysis is not involved in the signaling pathway whereby IL-1 induces the overproduction of nitric oxide by pancreatic islets.
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PMID:Characterization of the sphingomyelin content of isolated pancreatic islets. Evaluation of the role of sphingomyelin hydrolysis in the action of interleukin-1 to induce islet overproduction of nitric oxide. 860 64

Using spin probes-stearic acid analogues, the authors investigated the microviscosity and the a/b parameter of red blood cell membranes in children with diabetes mellitus. The structural changes were correlated with altered metabolic measurements. The change in the pathway of insulin in diabetes mellitus led to the structural state of red blood cell membranes.
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PMID:[The structural status of red blood cell membranes in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Examination by spin probe]. 898 9


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