Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio, palmitic acid concentration and palmitic to stearic acid (P/S) ratio were estimated on samples of amniotic fluid obtained from 66 patients with diabetes. These were compared with similar estimates on amniotic fluid obtained from 127 non-diabetic patients. At 35 to 40 weeks, significant differences were observed between the L/S ratio and palmitic acid concentration in diabetics and non-diabetics, whereas the P/S ratio was similar in the two groups. The amniotic fluid L/S ratio, palmitic acid concentration, and P/S ratio were estimated on amniotic fluid obtained from 20 diabetic patients within 48 hours of induction, and the clinical outcome of the newborn infant was used to assess the predictive value of the three parameters. In 19 out of 20 diabetics the P/S ratio correctly predicted fetal lung maturity, whereas the palmitic acid concentration was correct in 12 patients and the L/S ratio in only 10 patients.
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PMID:Amniotic fluid palmitic acid/stearic acid ratios. Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios and palmitic acid concentrations in the assessment of fetal lung maturity in diabetic pregnancies. 52 54

In order to study the relationship between the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and coronary heart disease (CHD), 34 consecutive male patients with acute myocardial infarction and 33 hospitalized men free of CHD were compared. Patients with diabetes mellitus, endocrine disorders, liver and kidney diseases, recent changes in body weight and deviations from the "normal", customary diet were exlcuded. A statistically significant difference between the two groups was observed only in stearic acid, its proportion being lower in CHD patients (3.25% vs. 4.13%). Using multivariate discriminant analysis, age discriminated best between the groups, followed by stearic acid. The signs observed were positive for the former and negative for the latter. All other acids, relative body weight, and skinfold measurements did not significantly contribute to the discrimination. Age did not correlate with the proportion of stearic acid. Blood lipids from samples taken within 24 h of admission did not significantly differ between the groups. Three months later they had risen considerably in the infarct patients. The metabolic basis of the relationship between CHD and stearic acid is not clear at present. Additional studies are necessary to substantiate the importance of this acid as an indicator of CHD.
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PMID:Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue in patients with coronary heart disease. 83 46

Two separate sets of experiments were performed on female Wistar rats made diabetic with streptozotocin: (1) a time-course study where groups of three animals were removed at weekly intervals, up to 4 weeks after induction of diabetes, with an age-matched group of control (normal) animals kept for 4 weeks; (2) six further animals were made diabetic and kept for 7 weeks; three of these were given insulin in the final week. At the required time the animals were anaesthetized and the salivary glands removed and preserved by fixation or freezing. The frozen tissues were later homogenized and the protein and lipid content analysed. Histologically, intracellular lipid droplets had accumulated in the majority of the diabetic salivary glands. In the time-course experiment, the visible amount of intracellular lipid reached a maximum after 2 weeks and then decreased, with a concomitant disappearance of interstitial lipid. The increased lipid content was not attributable to any one class. The fatty acid profiles of the glands showed an increase in the percentages of C18:0 (stearic acid) and C18:2w6 (linoleic acid) and a decrease in the percentages of C18:1w9 (oleic acid) and C20:4w6 (arachidonic acid). After 1 week of insulin treatment the lipid content and the fatty acid profiles returned to normal. Thus the effect of insulin on salivary gland lipid metabolism is rapid both in its occurrence and reversibility. The effects seen in the diabetic rats are considered to be due to a lack of insulin and not to the presence of streptozotocin.
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PMID:Lipid analysis of the major salivary glands in streptozotocin-diabetic rats and the effects of insulin treatment. 138 16

We studied liver microsomal delta 9 stearic acid desaturase activity and fatty acid composition of liver phospholipids and microsomal total lipids in the insulin-dependent spontaneously diabetic adult male Bio-Breeding rat. The diabetic Bio-Breeding rats (3 weeks of diabetes) were killed 48, 17 and 3 h after the last insulin injection (1.0 IU, 100 g body weight-1 day-1). Under these experimental conditions, delta 9 desaturase activity was defective during the normo- and hyper-glycaemic periods and restored during the hypoglycaemic period which followed the insulin injection to the diabetic rats. The fatty acid composition of diabetic rat liver phospholipids and microsomal total lipids were not consistent with delta 9 desaturase activity at the different periods of glycaemia and may be explained by factors other than disturbances of this desaturation.
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PMID:Spontaneous diabetes in bio-breeding rats: evidence for insulin dependent liver microsomal delta 9 stearic acid desaturation. 151 58

1. Sex differences exist in the metabolism of lignocaine by the rat liver. Microsomal phospholipids have been implicated in the control of these sex differences. Induction of diabetes in the male rat abolishes these sex differences. The difference in drug metabolism between the male and female rat is, thus, the same as that between the control and diabetic male rat. 2. By using reconstitution of delipidated male microsomal proteins with male-, female- and diabetic-derived phospholipids as well as synthetic phospholipids, it should be possible to delineate the role of phospholipids in the control of drug metabolism. 3. Female- and diabetes-derived phospholipids decrease the activity of the male-specific lignocaine N-deethylase specifically by between 35 and 52%. 4. Analysis of the phospholipid classes and fatty acid content of the various fractions indicated that stearic acid content was increased and arachidonic acid content decreased in both female- and diabetic-derived lipids as compared to control males. Linoleic acid content was decreased in female- but increased in diabetic-derived lipids as compared to control males. Subsequent correlation to N-deethylase activity, however, rules out all but the arachidonic acid content of the phospholipids as a controlling factor of lignocaine metabolism. 5. Use of synthetic phosphatidylcholine (PC) species for reconstitution indicates that diarachidonyl-PC is the most efficient at activating the N-deethylase and indicates that the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acyl side-chains of PC is of major importance in the regulation of this enzyme activity. 6. The presence of unsaturated fatty acids, and especially arachidonic acid, in the phospholipids is, thus, a major controlling influence on the specific activation of lignocaine N-deethylase in the rat liver.
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PMID:The role of microsomal phospholipids and their fatty acid composition in the control of hepatic metabolism of lignocaine. 261 98

delta 9 desaturation of stearic (1-14C) acid has been estimated from incubation of liver microsomes of adult female spontaneously diabetic BB rat, an animal model resembling the spontaneous juvenile diabetes in humans, comparatively to adult female control Wistar rat. The animals were sacrificed, when hyperglycemic, 24 hours after the last insulin injection to the BB rats. Stearic acid delta 9 desaturase activity is drastically depressed in the BB rats when fatty acid composition of liver phospholipids and microsomal total liver lipids are changed in spite of the daily injection of insulin necessary for the BB rats survival.
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PMID:[Hepatic microsomal delta 9 desaturation of stearic acid in the spontaneously diabetic female BB rat]. 297

Fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and plasma were determined by capillary gas-liquid chromatography in 27 controls and 44 subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Significant decreases in stearic acid (P less than 0.00003) and arachidonic acid (P less than 0.001) and significant increases in palmitic acid (P less than 0.00003) were observed in erythrocytes from diabetic patients. The stearic:oleic acid ratios and arachidonic:linoleic acid ratios in erythrocytes were significantly lower in diabetic patients than in controls (P less than 0.0003 and less than 0.0007, respectively). The relative concentration of palmitic acid in plasma (as a percentage of the sum of the five major fatty acids) was increased in diabetic patients, as compared with controls (P less than 0.0125). We observed no other significant differences in fatty acids in plasma, making it unlikely that changes in fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes in diabetic patients can be accounted for simply by alterations in the fatty acids in plasma. We propose that impaired metabolic control associated with diabetes mellitus may interfere with the maintenance of fatty acid profiles in erythrocyte membranes against the concentration gradients in plasma.
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PMID:An alternative explanation for the changes in erythrocyte fatty acids observed in diabetes mellitus. 311 55

The fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triglycerides in heart muscle was examined in normal and alloxan-diabetic male Wistar rats. In diabetes the major phospholipids, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine, showed significant changes in fatty acid composition, whereas cardiolipin and phosphatidyl serine + phosphatidyl inositol did not show marked changes in fatty acid profile. In phosphatidyl choline there was a significant diminution in arachidonic acid, 20 : 4(n-6) and palmitic acid, 16 : 0, and a corresponding increase in linoleic acid, 18 : 2(n-6), and stearic acid, 18 : 0. In phosphatidyl ethanolamine the level of 20 : 4(n-6) was significantly reduced. The diabetic heart had normal levels of individual phospholipids, whereas the triglycerides were increased by 90% and contained significantly higher levels of 18 : 2(n-6). The results confirm that diabetes is associated with a diminution in fatty acid desaturation, affecting the fatty acid composition of phosphatidyl choline in particular. These changes may be relevant to development of atherosclerosis and relative resistance to catecholamine-induced cardiac necrosis in diabetes.
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PMID:Reduced arachidonic acid levels in major phospholipids of heart muscle in the diabetic rat. 343 62

Diabetes was induced in rats by administration of streptozotocin. After 90-120 days, one group of chronic diabetic animals was treated with insulin for chronic diabetic animals was treated with insulin for 10 days. The lipid fluidity and composition of microvillus membranes prepared from ileal enterocytes of control, diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic animals were determined. Lipid fluidity, as assessed by steady-state fluorescence polarization techniques using the probes 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, DL-2-(9-anthroyl)stearic acid and DL-12-(9-anthroyl)stearic acid, was decreased in membranes of diabetic animals compared to membranes of control and insulin-treated diabetic membranes. The differences in fluidity resulted from an increased cholesterol content and cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio in membranes of diabetic animals. The activities of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase were also found to be higher in membranes of diabetic animals. Insulin treatment, however, failed to significantly influence the enzymatic activities of these membranes. These studies, therefore, demonstrate that alterations in the lipid fluidity, lipid composition, and certain enzymatic activities exist in microvillus membranes of enterocytes prepared from chronic streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Administration of insulin for 10 days to these animals restored membrane fluidity and lipid composition but not enzymatic activities to control membrane levels.
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PMID:Correction of abnormal lipid fluidity and composition of rat ileal microvillus membranes in chronic streptozotocin-induced diabetes by insulin therapy. 390 76

The effects of dietary sardine oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid, C20:5 (EPA), on erythrocyte membrane fluidity and membrane and plasma lipids were investigated in diabetic and control subjects. Before consumption of this oil, the levels of erythrocyte membrane fluidity were lower in the diabetic subjects, as noted in our previous work (Diabetes 1983; 32:585-91). Decreased membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were evident. Daily consumption of 2700 mg of sardine oil for 8 wk increased erythrocyte membrane fluidity, as determined by electron spin resonance using the 12- or 16-stearic acid label. This increase was seen after 4 wk, and the level remained elevated for 8 wk. Membrane EPA of phospholipid acyl-chains significantly increased after 4 wk and was even more apparent after 8 wk. Membrane-free cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratios significantly decreased after 8 wk. Both the diabetic and normal subjects responded to the sardine oil in the same way. After feeding with sardine oil, there no longer were differences in erythrocyte membrane fluidity between the normal and diabetic subjects. We propose that improvement in membrane fluidity may contribute to the amelioration of altered cell membrane functions in diabetic patients.
Diabetes 1986 May
PMID:Dietary sardine oil increases erythrocyte membrane fluidity in diabetic patients. 395 87


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