Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In many parts of the Asia-Pacific region, diabetes prevalence is increasing and seems destined to become a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The phenomenon seems predicated on insulin resistance (IR), partly attributable to an early impact of abdominal (visceral) adiposity than in Caucasian populations. Food intake along with physical activity and emotional stress are all determinants of glycaemic status. The glycaemic index (GI) of foods indicates that a number of food factors other than glucose content are important for good glycaemic response to foods and meals. These include (i) low GI foods could also be ones low in fat, (ii) foods that have the lowest GI which include lentils, pasta, noodles, multigrain breads and some fruits (e.g. grapefruit, plums) and (iii) fruits are to be preferred to their juices. The nutritional management of diabetes is best served by counselling changes in a sociocultural context and step-wise fashion by negotiation rather than prescription. It needs to be accompanied by advice to engage in regular physical activity, both aerobic and strength training. The same concept applies to the prevention of abdominal adiposity and diabetes mellitus type II in the Asia-Pacific region, but with particular reference to protective regional food.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2001
PMID:Nutrition and diabetes in the Asia-Pacific region with reference to cardiovascular disease. 1171 Mar 64

In order to investigate whether there would be any association between abnormalities of either reg1 alpha or reg1 beta gene and diabetes mellitus in man, these two genes were analyzed in 42 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 12 with fibrocalculous pancreatopathy, 37 with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 22 normal controls, by PCR-SSCP analysis and nucleotide sequencing technique. Polymorphism in the reg1 alpha gene resulted in three mobility patterns in the PCR-SSCP analysis, due to nucleotide constituents at position -10 before exon 1 being either C/C, T/C or T/T. These three mobility patterns were observed in every group of subjects. The analysis of reg1 beta gene showed nucleotide substitutions in exon 4 in one patient, exon 5 in another patient with type 1 diabetes, and in exon 4 and intron 5 in one patient with fibrocalculous pancreatopathy. The nucleotide substitutions in exon 4 in the patient with type 1 diabetes and that with fibrocalculous pancreatopathy occurred at codons 103 and 84 while that in exon 5 in the patient with type 1 diabetes occurred at codon 141, changing the codons from CAT to CAC, GTG to GCG, and ACT to AAT and resulting in H103H silent, V84A and T141N missense mutations, respectively. In conclusion, using PCR-SSCP and nucleotide sequence analyses, we did not find any association between abnormalities of either reg1 alpha or reg1 beta gene with any type of diabetes studied.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2002 Feb
PMID:No abnormalities of reg1 alpha and reg1 beta gene associated with diabetes mellitus. 1179 76

Diabetes mellitus is now a serious and increasing problem in Asian countries, where dietary patterns have shifted toward Westernized foods and people are becoming more sedentary. In order to elucidate the relationship of dietary habits to the development of diabetic risk factors, the dietary patterns of 200 Fijian, 171 Japanese and 181 Vietnamese women of 30-39 years of age were investigated using 3 day-24 h recall or dietary records. Anthropometric measurements and glycosuria tests were also conducted. The dietary trends of Fijians and Japanese have changed drastically in the past 50 years, while Vietnamese have been minimally influenced by Western dietary habits. The mean 24 h dietary intake showed that Fijians had the highest energy intake. Energy intake from fat was only 13% for Vietnamese, but over 30% for Japanese and Fijians. Percentage of body fat was higher in Vietnamese than in Japanese, though there were no significant differences in body mass index (BMI). In the overweight and obese women, Vietnamese had higher abdominal obesity than Japanese. The prevalence of obesity (BMI > or = 30 kg/m2) was 63.0% for Fijians, 1.8% for Japanese and 1.1% for Vietnamese. Glycosuria testing yielded the most positive cases among Fijians. Dietary transition and dietary excess appear to be potential risk factors for diabetes in Fijian women.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002
PMID:Dietary patterns and risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Fijian, Japanese and Vietnamese populations. 1189 Jun 44

Acute suppression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activity improves glucose tolerance in the Zucker fatty rat, a rodent model of impaired glucose tolerance, through stabilization of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1. This study describes the effects of a new and potent DPP-IV inhibitor, FE 999011, which is able to suppress plasma DPP-IV activity for 12 h after a single oral administration. In the Zucker fatty rat, FE 999011 dose-dependently attenuated glucose excursion during an oral glucose tolerance test and increased GLP-1 (7-36) release in response to intraduodenal glucose. Chronic treatment with FE 999011 (10 mg/kg, twice a day for 7 days) improved glucose tolerance, as suggested by a decrease in the insulin-to-glucose ratio. In the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat, a rodent model of type 2 diabetes, chronic treatment with FE 999011 (10 mg/kg per os, once or twice a day) postponed the development of diabetes, with the twice-a-day treatment delaying the onset of hyperglycemia by 21 days. In addition, treatment with FE 999011 stabilized food and water intake to prediabetic levels and reduced hypertriglyceridemia while preventing the rise in circulating free fatty acids. At the end of treatment, basal plasma GLP-1 levels were increased, and pancreatic gene expression for GLP-1 receptor was significantly upregulated. This study demonstrates that DPP-IV inhibitors such as FE 999011 could be of clinical value to delay the progression from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes 2002 May
PMID:Chronic inhibition of circulating dipeptidyl peptidase IV by FE 999011 delays the occurrence of diabetes in male zucker diabetic fatty rats. 1197 43

The existing acquisition cost for essential drugs in the Cook Islands, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Tuvalu, is sufficiently high to compromise equitable access to quality drug therapy. The difficulty of access is further compounded by problems of distance from drug manufacturers and suppliers, associated with inadequate transport and communication links. In some of the Small Island States of the Pacific, internal distribution challenges further reduce access to drugs for those people who live on the outer islands. Two management processes to address these problems which have successfully been used in the past, are the establishment of an essential drug list to guarantee consistent appropriate treatment, and the introduction of pooled or bulk purchasing in order to achieve economies of scale. The major non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the South Pacific include diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. These diseases, in association with life-style factors of obesity and smoking result in significant morbidity and mortality. This paper demonstrates that collaboration in drug purchasing of a defined list of essential drugs for hypertension would be beneficial in the South Pacific, and that the process is a model for achievement of rational drug treatment for NCDs in isolated small economies.
Pac Health Dialog 2001 Mar
PMID:From policy to action: access to essential drugs for the treatment of hypertension in the Small Island States (SIS) of the South Pacific. 1201 10

The antioxidant effect of an aqueous extract of Phaseolus vulgaris pods, an indigenous plant used in Ayurvedic medicine in India, was studied in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Oral administration of Phaseolus vulgaris pod extract (PPEt; 200 mg/kg body weight) for 45 days resulted in a significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroperoxides. The extract also causes a significant increase in reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase in the liver and kidneys of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. These results clearly show the antioxidant property of PPEt. The effect of PPEt at 200 mg/kg body weight was more effective than glibenclamide.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002
PMID:Antioxidant effect of Phaseolus vulgaris in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 1223 Feb 34

Ethnic groups in affluent environments experience higher rates of metabolic diseases than their native counterparts. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of metabolic risk factors in Ghanaians in Sydney, and to investigate the relationship with dietary and lifestyle factors. Cross-sectional design with anthropometry, blood pressure, plasma lipids, glucose and insulin concentrations were measured on two occasions on each subject. Dietary information was obtained by three 24-h dietary recalls. Adults (45 male, 35 female) were recruited from a local association in Sydney, Australia. Overweight was observed in a large proportion of subjects (71% and 66% of men and women, respectively), with 18% of men and 26% of women classified as obese. Abdominal overweight was seen in 63% and 74% of men and women, respectively. Abdominal obesity was seen in 20% of men and 49% of women. Hypertension was detected in 40% of men and 17% of women, 16% of men and 6% of women were diagnosed with definite hypertension. Seventy-one per cent of men and 29% of women were classified as hypercholesterolaemic and 67% of men and 23% of women had elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In men, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hypertriacylglycerolaemia affected 18% and 13%, respectively. Fasting hyperinsulinaemia was observed in 14% and 9% of men and women, respectively. The majority of subjects (73%) sustained one or more metabolic risk factors. Dietary fat contributed 33% and 35% of total energy intake in men and women, respectively, saturated fat contributing 11% in both sexes. A high prevalence of overweight, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia exists in this population, particularly in men, highlighting the need for intervention.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002
PMID:Cross-sectional study of diet and risk factors for metabolic diseases in a Ghanaian population in Sydney, Australia. 1223 Feb 35

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of green tea catechin on prostaglandin synthesis of renal glomerular and renal dysfunction in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100 +/- 10 g were randomly assigned to one normal group and three groups with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The diabetic groups were classified to a catechin-free diet (DM group), a 0.25% catechin diet (DM-0.25C group) and a 0.5% catechin diet (DM-0.5C group) according to the levels of catechin supplement in their diet. The animals were maintained on an experimental diet for 4 weeks. At this point, they were injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. They were killed on the sixth day. The catechin supplementation groups (DM-0.25C, DM-0.SC groups) showed a decrease in thromboxane A2 synthesis but an increase in prostacyclin synthesis, compared to the DM group. The ratio of prostacyclin/thromboxane A2 was 53.3% and 38.1% lower in the DM and DM-0.25C groups, respectively, than in the normal group. The ratio in the DM-0.5C group did not differ from that in the normal group. The glomerular filtration rate in catechin feeding groups (DM-0.25C and DM-0.5C groups) was maintained at the normal level. The urinary beta2-microglobulin content in the DM-0.5C group was significantly lower than that in the normal group. On the sixth day after induction of diabetes, the urinary microalbumin content in the DM, DM-0.25C and DM-0.5C groups had increased 5.40, 4.02, 3.87 times, respectively, compared with the normal group. In conclusion, kidney function appears to be improved by green tea catechin supplementation due to its antithrombotic action, which in turn controls the arachidonic acid cascade system.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002
PMID:Effects of green tea catechin on prostaglandin synthesis of renal glomerular and renal dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 1223 Feb 38

Evolutionary pressures have probably amplified the mechanisms for minimizing the impact of environmental factors through compensatory maternal mechanisms. Nevertheless, experimentally there are clear long-term programming effects of manipulations to the maternal diet on the likelihood of neural-tube defects associated with folate deficiency The fat/lean ratios of the newborn, and subsequent development, seem to be linked to amino acid or folate supply. An altered balance in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which experimentally has profound effects on brain development, is induced by low-protein maternal diets. Such diets are linked to a reduced pancreatic capacity for insulin production and to an altered hepatic architecture, with a change in the control of glucose metabolism. Human studies suggest that what happens in pregnancy is modified by the child's diet in the first months of life. Low birthweight is linked to early stunting, and predisposes to abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome in later life. Metabolic syndrome amplifies the risks of diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease and probably some cancers. Mothers with gestational diabetes are themselves prone to early type 2 diabetes and produce heavier babies prone to childhood obesity and adolescent type 2 diabetes. There is increasing evidence of an intergenerational effect, with big babies being prone to excess weight gain, which then, in girls, predisposes them to diabetes in pregnancy, which, in turn, promotes an accelerating cycle of early diabetes in subsequent generations. Essential fatty acids and fat soluble vitamins are important, but we need early interventions and monitoring systems to justify coherent policies.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002
PMID:Will feeding mothers prevent the Asian metabolic syndrome epidemic? 1249 42

The early 21st century has seen the development of a global epidemic of obesity in both developed and developing countries. In Australia at least one in five children and adolescents are overweight or obese, with rapid rises in prevalence apparently continuing. Similar trends are seen in other countries. Child and adolescent obesity is associated with both immediate and long-term medical and psychosocial problems, including a clustering of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Thus, obesity poses a major health problem for the paediatric population. Major environmental and societal changes have led to a decrease in physical activity, a rise in sedentary behaviour and the consumption of high fat and high-energy foods, all in turn influencing the development of obesity. Effective management involves a multimodal approach with a developmentally aware approach, involvement of the family, a focus on healthy food choices, incorporation of physical activity and a decrease in sedentary behaviour all being important. Ultimately, however, the obesity epidemic requires a major focus on primary prevention. Australia has a national strategy for the prevention of overweight and obesity that depends upon intersectoral and intergovernmental cooperation, supported by adequate resourcing and significant community ownership.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002
PMID:Child and adolescent obesity in the 21st century: an Australian perspective. 1249 43


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>