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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intracellular pH regulation was studied in papillary muscle from STZ-induced diabetic rat hearts. In control bicarbonate solution there was no difference between the steady-state pHi values recorded from diabetic or normal papillary muscle. The addition of insulin had no effect on the pHi of either group. The amplitude of NH4+-induced alkalinization and the time course of recovery from alkalinization were similar in both normal and diabetic muscles. In both preparations, the recovery from alkalinization was similarly delayed by the disulfonic stilbene DIDS. This suggests the participation of a Cl-/HCO3- exchange in the recovery from alkalosis in rat myocardial cells that is not changed by diabetes. On the other hand, the amplitude of the acidification induced by the withdrawal of NH4+ was markedly increased in diabetic papillary muscles as compared to normal muscles. Moreover, there was a marked slowing down of the recovery from acidosis in the diabetics. The amplitude of NH+4 withdrawal-induced acidification was increased equally by amiloride in both normal and diabetic muscles. These findings suggest that diabetes is associated with a change in the activity of the amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ exchange.
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PMID:Intracellular pH regulation in papillary muscle cells from streptozotocin diabetic rats: an ion-sensitive microelectrode study. 285 May 34

To evaluate the role of glomerular hyperfiltration in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, we performed clearance and histopathologic studies in 24 rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes after 3 months of diets with different protein compositions. Calcium phosphate was added to an 8% protein diet in group I (nine rats), and calcium carbonate to a 24% protein diet in group II (nine rats) to equalize calcium and phosphate contents in these diets. Group I and II rats also received small doses of insulin to reduce the excessive hyperglycemia induced by the high sucrose content of the diets. In group III, six rats given an 8% protein diet, no calcium, phosphate, or insulin was added. In groups I and III, low dietary protein significantly reduced glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow per gram of kidney weight as compared with rates observed in group II rats with a higher protein intake. Features of diabetic glomerulopathy including mesangial hypercellularity and mesangial matrix expansion were also significantly milder in the groups with a low protein diet. On the other hand, medullary calcification and interstitial changes were most prominent in group I, given calcium phosphate supplement; the increase in the kidney weight was greater in groups I and II, which received insulin, than in group III, which did not. It was concluded that low protein diet significantly ameliorates diabetic glomerulopathy but that supplementation with inorganic phosphate in an amount equal to organic phosphate contained in the higher protein diet causes medullary calcification and interstitial nephritis. Also, administration of suboptimal doses of insulin in diabetic animals greatly enhances renal growth, more than that induced by diabetes alone.
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PMID:Effects of low-protein diet on experimental diabetic nephropathy in the rat. 390 11

Blood glucose-monitoring techniques originally developed to aid outpatient management of diabetic patients are now being used to facilitate hospital care. However, applications in hyperglycemic patients have been limited because many glucose-oxidase strips and meters respond only to glucose values less than or equal to 400 mg/dl. We asked if prior dilution of blood samples would permit reliable estimations. Ten consecutive decompensated diabetic patients (age 35-73, glucose 506-879, HCO3 12-28) had blood glucose determinations done simultaneously by the hospital laboratory and by Chemstrip bG after dilution of heparinized blood 1:2 in saline. Thirty-one samples were obtained before and during insulin therapy. Correlations with laboratory glucose values were 0.95 with strips read by Accu-Chek meter and 0.90 read visually, both P less than 0.001. Average deviations from laboratory values were 7.9% with Accu-Chek and 12.9% with visual readings. Accu-Chek deviations averaged 9.6% for glucose greater than 700 mg/dl, and 6.9% for glucose greater than 400 mg/dl. Over the first hour of insulin therapy, glucose fell 150 +/- 30 mg/dl by Accu-Chek, comparable to 168 +/- 29 by laboratory measurement; the decrement by visual reading was 107 +/- 32, not significantly different. We conclude that dilution of blood samples with glucose greater than 400 allows reliable estimation of elevated values by home glucose-monitoring techniques. This approach is cost-effective and provides the rapid feedback needed for the management of critically ill patients.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Preliminary studies of diabetic decompensation assessed with bedside glucose-monitoring techniques. 394 48

A highly sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of free fatty acids in human serum is described. The fatty acids are converted into the corresponding fluorescent derivatives by the reaction with 3-bromomethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinone in the presence of potassium carbonate and 18-crown-6 in acetonitrile. The derivatives are separated simultaneously within 44 min on a reversed-phase column (YMC-Pack C8) with a gradient elution of aqueous methanol and detected fluorimetrically. The detection limits are 0.5-2 fmol in a 10-microliters injection volume. This sensitivity permits precise determination of free fatty acids including lauric, myristoleic and linolenic acids, which occur in serum at very low concentrations, in 5 microliters of sera from healthy subjects and patients with diabetes.
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PMID:Highly sensitive determination of free fatty acids in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. 395 7

The metabolic response to a standard 50 g carbohydrate breakfast was evaluated over 3 hours in 6 Type II maturity onset diabetic patients before and after 1 week of lithium carbonate administration (serum Lithium 0.5-1.5 mmol/l). Plasma glucose response was significantly less after lithium between 60 and 180 minutes but plasma insulin did not change. Insulin/glucose ratios fell by 17.3% at 60 minutes and rose by 14.2% at 180 minutes. There were no significant changes in free fatty acid and lactate concentrations. Mean serum calcium rose slightly but significantly during the treatment period from 2.17 +/- 0.04 to 2.26 +/- 0.03 mean +/- SEM mmol/l. It is concluded that diabetes is not worsened by lithium, at least during short term therapy.
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PMID:The effect of short term lithium carbonate in Type II diabetes mellitus. 641 79

We have previously shown that the effect of glucose on electrical activity (EA) in islet B-cells is altered by modification of pH. The regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) in nerve and muscle cells is coupled to anion exchange. In the present study we have examined the involvement of HCO3:Cl exchange across the plasma membrane in the maintenance of glucose-induced EA in B-cells. 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2' disulfonic acid (DIDS), an inhibitor of anion exchange, elicited a dose-related stimulation of EA in the presence of 11.1 mM glucose. The increase in the relative duration of the active phase (constant spike activity) was first observed at 20 microM DIDS, and a nearly maximal effect was obtained at 200 microM. The substitution of HCO3- by a Hepes buffer elicited constant spike activity. The application of 0.25 microM tributyltin, an electroneutral Cl:OH exchanger, also enhanced EA as indicated by an increase in the duration of the active phase. The influence of HCO3- withdrawal, DIDS, and tributyltin all elicited electrical events similar to that obtained by a decrease in pHi. Our results suggest that anion exchange may be involved in the regulation of electrical events in the B-cell by influencing pHi, as has been documented to occur in invertebrate nerve and muscle.
Diabetes 1982 Jul
PMID:Influence on anion transport on glucose-induced electrical activity in the B-cell. 676 Dec 3

The total content of ketoacids, ketonic bodies and state of acid-base balance in blood of sugar diabetes patients was studied as affected by 10-day complex therapy with application of carbostimulin. It is established that carbostimulin lowers the content of ketonic bodies, increases the total content of ketoacids, concentration of buffer bases, CO2, HCO3-. Application of the complex therapy without the preparation causes only a tendency to study the mentioned indexes for the same period of the treatment.
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PMID:[Metabolic efficiency of carbostimulin in therapy of acidosis with diabetes]. 677 May 24

We studied the efficacy of low-dose (0.1 U/kg/h) and high-dose (1..0 U/kg/h) insulin, given randomly to children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) by continuous intravenous infusion without a loading dose. Plasma glucose reached 250 mg/dl in 3.4 +/- 0.4 h with the high-dose insulin group compared with 5.4 +/- 0.5 h with the low-dose insulin group (P < 0.01). During the first 12 h of therapy, plasma glucose fell below 100 mg/dl in 2 of 16 in the low-dose compared with 12 of 16 in the high-dose patients. The decrement of ketone bodies, cortisol, and glucagon was similar in both groups. The number of hours required for HCO3(-) greater than or equal to meq/l and arterial blood pH greater than or equal to 7.30 were not significantly different in the two groups. Hypokalemia (K < 3.4 meq/L) occurred in 3 of 16 low-dose and 10 of 16 high-dose patients. The data show that low-dose insulin, with a slower rate of glucose decrease, is as effective as a high dose for the treatment of DKA in children with less incidence of hypokalemia and decreased potential for hypoglycemia.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Comparison of high-dose and low-dose insulin by continuous intravenous infusion in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in children. 677 25

Lithium carbonate was administered to a female manic depressive patient who also had maturity onset diabetes mellitus. She was found to have lowered blood glucose levels with administration of lithium without change in the other variables which could effect blood glucose levels. In could be concluded that lithium carbonate had antidiabetic effects in this case.
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PMID:Antidiabetic effects of lithium. 681 66

To assess the risk factors associated with renal osteodystrophy, we examined the database of 256 patients who were prospectively studied in three Toronto dialysis centers between October of 1987 and 1989. The potential risk factors examined included age, sex, type and duration of dialysis, type and dose of phosphate binders, vitamin D treatment, and history of diabetes mellitus, renal allograft failure, parathyroidectomy, and bilateral nephrectomy. All patients had undergone a bone biopsy and were categorized into one of four disease groupings: (1) osteitis fibrosa and mixed bone disease, (2) aluminum bone disease, (3) mild bone disorder, and (4) aplastic bone disorder. The mean (+/- SD) age of the patients at bone biopsy was 57 +/- 15 years, and 62% were men. Forty-five percent of patients were treated by hemodialysis and 55% by peritoneal dialysis. The mean duration of dialysis was 4 +/- 4 years. Twenty-five percent were also diabetic. The most common disorder was the aplastic (or "adynamic") bone disorder, found in 34% of patients. Aluminum bone disease was found in 27%, osteitis fibrosa or mixed bone disease in 27%, and mild bone disorder in 12% of patients. Cumulative intake of aluminum gels was associated with aluminum bone disease, whereas peritoneal dialysis with supraphysiologic calcium concentrations, ingestion of calcium carbonate, and diabetes mellitus were associated with both mild bone disorder and aplastic bone disorder. These three latter risk factors may be important in predisposing patients to a low bone turnover state through modulation of parathyroid hormone secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Risk factors for renal osteodystrophy: a multivariant analysis. 774 22


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