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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Unintentional weight loss (UWL) was documented in 154 patients (2.8%) admitted to an internal medicine department during a two-year period. A retrospective analysis of the clinical charts showed that more than one third (36.3%) were found to have a neoplasm, involving preponderantly the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with neoplasia were older and more frequently had abnormal physical findings and significantly lower values of serum albumin as well as higher values of alkaline phosphatase than other patients. Despite extensive investigations, in 36 patients (23.3%) UWL remained unexplained even after prolonged follow-up periods. The remaining 62 patients had a variety of disorders, preponderantly gastrointestinal tract (26 patients) and psychiatric (16 patients) diseases. Endocrinologic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism were relatively uncommon (3.8%). Unintentional weight loss is a relatively common problem in clinical practice. Familiarity with the spectrum of disorders associated with UWL as well as selected clinical and laboratory values may help in the initial examination of these patients.
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PMID:Unintentional weight loss. A retrospective analysis of 154 cases. 394 50

The effect of mild, non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) on bone calcification and calcium (Ca) homeostasis was studied in growing rats (males and females). The diabetic state was characterized by mild insulin deficiency, plasma levels being 73% of controls, and mild hyperglycemia, with nonfasting plasma glucose levels of 1.5 times normal. There was no difference in plasma levels of Ca, phosphate (Pi), magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcitonin, 25-(OH)vitamin D (25[OH]D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25[OH]2D) between the NIDDM rats and their controls of either sex. Metabolic Ca and Pi balance studies revealed that the experimental animals of both sexes were in positive Ca and Pi balance similar to that of their controls. Histologic studies of the kidney and intestinal slices from the experimental group were normal. Ca and Pi bone content calculated per gram bone ash of the femur, mandible, and second and fourth caudal vertebrae, and the organic content in the bones of the NIDDM animals showed no difference from their controls. Femur bone density and tibial epiphyseal growth plate width and morphology were similar histologically in the experimental and control rats. No decreased osteoid content in the tibial bone was found in the diabetic rats compared with controls. Physiologic sex differences, consisting of lower plasma Pi, higher plasma calcitonin levels, increased ratio of femur dry bone weight to total body weight, and increased percentage of mineralized and total bone volume at the tibial metaphysis seen in female compared with male control rats were also seen in the diabetic animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1985 Apr
PMID:Bone calcification and calcium homeostasis in rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes induced by streptozocin. 397 85

The sucrase activity in enterocytes isolated from the villus crypt axis was found to increase in all regions of the villus from day 2 after induction of diabetes, and the increase continued until day 4. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase activity increased mainly in the apical one-third of the villus-crypt column, and the increase occurred abruptly on day 4 with increase in food intake.
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PMID:Changes in brush-border enzyme activities of intestinal epithelial cells isolated from the villus-crypt axis during the early phase of alloxan diabetes in rats. 398 70

Incubating the particle-free supernatant of rat liver with alkaline phosphatase decreased the activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase by 21-29%. When the particle-free supernatant was incubated with various combinations of Mg2+, ATP, cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase this failed to alter significantly phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity under the conditions employed. The incubation of hepatocytes in monolayer culture with 0.5 mM-8-(4-chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate increased the total activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase as measured in vitro. This also decreased the proportion of the phosphohydrolase that was associated with the membrane fraction of the cells and increased that in the cytosolic fraction. Adding 1 mM-oleate to the hepatocytes promoted the translocation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase from the cytosol to the membrane-associated compartment. Oleate overcame the effect of the cyclic AMP analogue in favouring the cytosolic distribution of the phosphohydrolase. These results are discussed in relation to the interaction of hormonal balance and substrate supply in controlling the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol in the liver in stress and in diabetes. It is proposed that the cytosolic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity represents a reservoir of potential activity that becomes expressed when the enzyme translocates to the membranes on which the synthesis of glycerolipids occurs.
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PMID:Can phosphorylation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase by a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism regulate its activity and subcellular distribution and control hepatic glycerolipid synthesis? 608 70

A follow-up study was conducted with 50 healthy parous volunteer women in India to ascertain the effect of a long-acting progestogen contraceptive on serum enzymes and hepatic function. The women received an intramuscular injection of a long-acting contraceptive, DMPA (depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate), in a dose of 150 mg every 3 months for 2 years. Women with a past history of jaundice, diabetes, hypertension, or eclampsia were excluded from the study. The activity of SGOT, SGPT, and AP (alkaline phosphatase) did not show any change during the longterm treatment. This result would indicate normal hepatic function and the absence of any damage or injury to the liver cells. Activity of serum ACP (acid phosphatase) and AChE (acetylcholinesterase) in red cells did show significant increase, which continued up to the end of the study. Results of the study indicate that DMPA is a suitable contraceptive for use in India, particularly since it does not cause the common side effects associated with oral contraceptives and does not affect liver function.
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PMID:Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception on human serum enzymes. 611 6

Serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase levels were measured in 41 Nigerians (24 males and 17 females) aged 15-59 years (mean 41.7 years) with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus and without any previous history or physical findings of liver diseases; and in 41 healthy controls matched with the diabetics for age and sex. Twenty-six diabetics (63.4%) had raised GGT compared to three controls (7.3%). Fifteen diabetics (36.6%) had elevated alkaline phosphatase compared to one control (2.4%). Only three diabetics (7.3%) had elevated transaminase levels. The bilirubin was normal in both the diabetics and controls. The high incidence of raised GGT in the diabetics without physical findings of liver diseases suggest that many Nigerian diabetics may have latent or subclinical liver disorders. Such disorders may play an important role in the aetiology of diabetes in Nigeria or modify the natural history of coexisting diabetes. A common aetiological factor may also be responsible for the coexistence of the liver disorders and diabetes in these patients.
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PMID:Raised gamma glutamyl transferase in Nigerian diabetics: possible clinical implications. 614 19

High-fiber diets have a beneficial impact on glucose metabolism of selected persons with diabetes mellitus. A major concern is the long-term effects of fiber intake on mineral and vitamin status. We measured serum concentrations of selected minerals and vitamins and also assessed three fat-soluble vitamins in 15 patients fed high-fiber diets for an average of 21 mo. Average values for serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, iron-binding capacity, magnesium, and hemoglobin values were normal. Vitamin B12 and folic acid concentrations in serum were also normal. Indirect assessment suggested that these patients had adequate intakes of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and K. These preliminary observations suggest that high-fiber diets containing a wide variety of natural foods are well tolerated for up to 51 mo; we failed to detect evidence suggesting mineral or vitamin deficiency in these patients.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Mineral and vitamin status on high-fiber diets: long-term studies of diabetic patients. 625 Jul 73

A rapid radioassay was used to characterise the adenosine diphosphatase (ADPase) activities in human plasma. There was a major peak at pH 9.3, 80% of whose activity was attributable to non-specific alkaline phosphatase, with the remaining 20% probably due to a specific ADPase. There was also a small peak of ADPase activity at pH 4.0. Inhibitor and chromatographic studies showed that whilst much of this activity was attributable to non-specific acid phosphatase, there was a discrete acid ADPase. Assays of plasma ADPase activities in vascular disorders, including myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and diabetes mellitus, reveal no alterations from control values. Activities of alkaline ADPase were elevated in both chronic and acute liver failure. Acid ADPase was also increased in chronic liver disease and it is suggested that alterations in ADPase activities in liver disorders may contribute to the haemostatic problems observed in these patients.
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PMID:Assay, kinetics and properties of plasma adenosine diphosphatase. The relationship to acid and alkaline phosphatase and variations in disease. 628 1

Highly purified regular porcine insulin was given by portable insulin pumps through indwelling vena caval catheters to 17 (13 normal, and 4 pancreatectomized) dogs initially weighing 15 +/- 2 kg at rates ranging from 2 to 10 mU/min (total 17-250 mg) over time periods ranging from 37 to 252 days. During the course of the study, many of the animals lost weight and became anemic. Since these conditions persisted and weight loss progressed even after cessation of insulin infusion, as many of the dogs as possible (15 of 17) were autopsied for microscopic studies. Large amounts of amyloid were demonstrated in the liver, kidney, spleen, and/or pancreas in 55% (6/11) of normal, and in 75% (3/4) of pancreatectomized dogs. The amyloid deposits were Congo red positive, exhibited classical apple green fluorescence under polarized light, and possessed the characteristic ultrastructural features of amyloid. Massive deposits of amyloid were observed in animals receiving as little as 17 mg of insulin over a time span of 52 days. In those animals with hepatic amyloid, marked hepatomegaly was present (i.e., 1200 +/- 250, X +/- SD, versus 300 +/- 25 g for normal animals) and preterminal serum alkaline phosphatase levels were markedly elevated (434 +/- 285 versus 30 +/- 14 IU/L for animals without hepatic amyloid). The magnitude of the hepatic amyloid deposits precludes the possibility that they represent insulin aggregates or insulin-derived products per se. No evidence of amyloid was present in any of the tissue biopsy specimens obtained prior to insulin infusion. Moreover, the possibility that this represents an immune response to the injected porcine insulin has to be viewed in light of the fact that the amino acid sequences of dog and porcine insulins are identical. It is of particular interest that the affinity of the amyloid deposits for Congo red stain was totally abolished by prior permanganate treatment, suggesting that the amyloid was derived from serum amyloid A protein rather than from immunoglobulin light chains or insulin aggregates per se. Further evidence that the protein was of the AA-type came from the initial biochemical characterization. Gel filtration on Sephadex G100 in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride identified two small molecular weight peaks of about 13,000 and 25,000 daltons, both of which inhibited the radioimmunoassay for human AA protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Diabetes 1983 Dec
PMID:Unanticipated amyloidosis in dogs infused with insulin. 636 Jul 58

As part of a six-month prospective study of the effects of neonatal thymectomy in the spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rat, activities of the following enzymes were determined: alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and UDP-galactosyltransferase (UDPG). In prediabetics, AP and LDH levels were higher than in sham-operated, non-diabetic controls; however, this increase was seen in nearly all diabetes-prone BB rats, diminishing the usefulness of these changes in discerning potential diabetics from asymptomatic, diabetes-prone rats. After onset of the syndrome, there was a striking elevation of AP values in all diabetics with no similar alteration in asymptomatic, diabetes-prone rats suggesting this was a diabetes-related phenomenon. By contrast, UDPG was the only enzyme to decrease immediately following the onset of the syndrome. Both UDPG and AP levels correlated with blood glucose, the former negatively and the latter positively, suggesting a close relationship with changes occurring after onset of the syndrome. The remaining enzymes increased only in a portion of diabetics alone (GOT, GPT) or in a portion of both diabetics and asymptomatic, diabetes-prone BB rats (LDH, CPK).
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PMID:Serum enzymes in the BB rat before and after onset of the overt diabetic syndrome. 643 99


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