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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association between the presence of areas of myocardial fibrosis and the appearance of unexpected DEVIATIONS OF THE QRS loop-outline on the vectorcardiographic tracing (bites) has been reported. In order to re-evaluate the correlation between the presence of bites and the possible existence of scars we have studied 511 patients. On the basis of clinical data, laboratory data, rest and exercise electrocardiograms, the subjects have been divided into four groups; 195 normal subjects; 267 with ischemic heart disease, 16 with arterial hypertension and 33 with diabetes mellitus (the last two groups as representative of subjects with higher risk for myocardial ischemia). Bites in at least one plane were detected in 9.7% of normal subjects, 27.8% of ischemic patients, 56.3% of hypertensive patients and 18.2% of diabetics (less than 0.001). The genesis of bites and reliability of the diagnostic criteria are discussed. With more restrictive criteria the frequency in the normal subjects falls to 1%, while in the other three groups it remains much higher (10.1%-12.5%-6.1%).
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PMID:[Presence of bites in VCGrams of a high coronary risk population (author's transl)]. 73 76

Hereditary insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus occurs in certain sublines of nonobese Chinese hamsters. Several characteristics of this syndrome are similar to those seen in insulin-deficient human diabetics. Therefore, to characterize pancreatic islet function, dynamic insulin and glucagon release from normal and nonketotic diabetic hamster pancreases in response to glucose (300 mg/100 ml) and theophylline (10 mM), infused singly and together, was studied in vitro.20-min glucose infusions of normal hamster pancreases caused biphasic insulin release, consisting of a rapid first peak and a gradually rising second phase, similar to that reported for man in vivo. Both phases were significantly reduced in the diabetic pancreases. Theophylline alone stimulated similar nonphasic insulin release in both the normal and the diabetic pancreases. Glucose and theophylline together caused greater insulin release than either stimulant alone in both normals and diabetics; however, the diabetic response was still subnormal. Glucose suppressed glucagon release from normal pancreases; suppression was significantly impaired in diabetics. Theophylline stimulated nonphasic glucagon release in both the normals and diabetics. Glucose partially suppressed the theophylline-stimulated release in both groups.Insulin/glucagon molar ratios of the diabetics were consistently subnormal, although individual hormone levels often overlapped into the normal range. IN SUMMARY, THE PANCREASES OF GENETICALLY DIABETIC CHINESE HAMSTERS PERFUSED IN VITRO SHOWED: (a) decreased first and second phase insulin release in response to glucose-containing stimuli-only partially ameliorated by theophylline-, and (b) impaired suppression of glucagon in response to glucose, resulting in (c) a decreased insulin/glucagon molar ratio. These data support the suggestion that both alpha and beta cells of diabetic pancreases may be insensitive to glucose.
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PMID:Abnormal secretion of insulin and glucagon by the in vitro perfused pancreas of the genetically diabetic Chinese hamster. 483 Feb 28

On 169 occasions anticoagulant therapy for thromboembolic disease was stopped electively and patients were followed for 16 subsequent weeks. The records of those who remained well and those who suffered a relapse were compared in an attempt to identify factors that might affect liability to thromboembolic relapse. During the follow-up period there were 37 thromboembolic recurrences, an incidence of 22 per cent. None occurred among the patients in whom the original diagnosis of thromboembolic disease was discarded or when a predisposing cause had ceased to be present. There was an inverse relation between liability to relapse and degree of prothrombin time prolongation.NO SIGNIFICANT RELATION COULD BE SHOWN BETWEEN LIABILITY TO RELAPSE AND ANY OF THE FOLLOWING: sex and age; type and severity of the initiating thromboembolic episode; history of earlier thromboembolic disease or relapse after stopping earlier anticoagulant courses; presence of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, or diabetes mellitus; type of anticoagulant drug used, duration of therapy, and method of stopping treatment. Patients with overt occlusive arterial disease at more than one site had a significantly increased liability to relapse when compared with patients with symptomatic disease at a single site. In the group of 134 subjects receiving anticoagulant therapy for coronary arterial disease, occurrence of a thromboembolic episode during the course of treatment and the presence of angina of effort in the months before it was discontinued were both associated with a significant increase in liability to relapse. It is suggested that, ideally, anticoagulant therapy should be continued indefinitely in any patient whose pattern of disease thus increases the likelihood of a thromboembolic recurrence.
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PMID:Recurrence of thromboembolic disease after discontinuing anticoagulant therapy. A study of factors affecting incidence. 542 82

Groups of male nonobese juvenile diabetics with recent onset, short term (1-8 yr), and long-term (12-30 yr) diabetes as well as comparable nondiabetic controls were studied during exercise experiments. The chosen exercise load, 450 kg/min for 20 min never induced changes in serum growth hormone in our nondiabetic control subjects. THE PRINCIPAL RESULTS OF THE STUDY WERE AS FOLLOWS: (a) an immediate high rise in serum growth hormone followed the commencement of exercise in all diabetics. The increase and pattern of serum growth hormone was not related to the duration of the diabetes. (b) The abnormal growth hormone response to exercise in diabetics was observed when the patients were in poor control as well as when they were in clinically excellent control (fasting blood glucose level between 100 and 140 mg/100 ml). (c) However, the abnormal serum growth hormone response was significantly diminished when exceedingly strict control was achieved (fasting blood glucose level between 60 and 100 mg/100 ml). In two of these experiments an entirely normal growth hormone pattern was obtained. (d) The change in serum growth hormone pattern during regulation was totally unrelated to the changes in serum free fatty acid patterns. A normal free fatty acid level and exercise pattern was obtained much earlier during the improved control. (e) Fasting serum growth hormone levels were also significantly raised in the juvenile diabetics irrespective of the diabetes duration. (f) Fasting serum growth hormone levels were also significantly decreased during regulation. Furthermore, a significant correlation between blood glucose and fasting serum growth hormone concentration was established. (g) In the juvenile diabetics a significant increase in serum insulin was observed at the point of time when exercise was concluded.
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PMID:Abnormal serum growth hormone response to exercise in juvenile diabetics. 543 58

A middle-aged man presented with weight loss, hypokalemic alkalosis, diabetes, hypertension, and generalized melanosis. Marked elevation of urinary free cortisol (655 micrograms/24 h) and plasma ACTH (2445 PG/ML) SUGGESTED THE DIAGNOSIS OF ECTOPIC ACTH syndrome. The plasma concentrations of cortisol and urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids increased paradoxically during the administration of dexamethasone without a corresponding change in the plasma ACTH level. Metyrapone administered over 24 h also markedly incrased both urinary free cortisol and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. Selective venous sampling of plasma ACTH did not reveal a gradient between jugular vein and peripheral venous blood. The laboratory findings supported the diagnosis of ectopic ACTH syndrome. However, belated occurrence of visual changes necessitated surgical exploration, resulting in the diagnosis of pituitary carcinoma. A fluorescent antibody to ACTH reacted strongly with the atypical pituitary cells. This rare case documents that severe melanosis in Cushing's disease can occur without prior adrenalectomy and is consistent with the diagnosis of pituitary carcinoma. Furthermore, melanosis observed in patients with pituitary carcinoma is associated with ACTH levels similar to those occurrring in the ectopic ACTH or Nelson's syndrome.
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PMID:Pituitary carcinoma mimics the ectopic adrenocorticotropin syndrome. 624 43

THE DIABETES RESEARCH and Training Center at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, in collaboration with Yale University School of Nursing, initiated a project to develop and implement a concentration of study at the Master's level within the field of diabetes. The concentration has resulted in involvement of advanced practice nurses in management and care of individuals with diabetes. In the article, an epidemiological perspective in diabetes care is given, along with information on how the program developed and evolved over the past 5 years. Program graduates have become certified diabetes educators and completed a Master's thesis in the area of diabetes care, resulting in practice-oriented publications.
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PMID:Diabetes care concentration: a program of study for advanced practice nurses. 869 73

DESPITE THE GREATER OBESITY AND PREVALENCE of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in Mexican Americans (MA) than in non-Hispanic whites (NHW), MA have a similar or slightly lower prevalence and incidence of hypertension than NHW. After adjustment for age, gender, obesity, and NIDDM, the prevalence of hypertension was significantly lower in MA than in NHW in both men and women. Mexican Americans, however, have lower rates of control than do non-Hispanic whites. The high rates of NIDDM, coupled with the poor control of hypertension in Mexican Americans, make efforts to control hypertension essential in this group. The prevalence of hypertension in low income residents of Mexico City is lower than in low income Mexican Americans from San Antonio, Texas.
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PMID:Hypertension in the San Antonio Heart Study and the Mexico City Diabetes Study: clinical and metabolic correlates. 889 62

THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN POPULATION in the United States has generally elevated frequencies of several chronic conditions, including non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), gallbladder disease, and obesity. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease and hypertension is less clear. To document prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in this population, we measured blood pressure in 1004 randomly selected Mexican Americans in Starr County, Texas, ages 15 to 74. We defined hypertension as systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 mmHg or diastolic pressure greater than or equal to 90 mmHg or current (within the last 48 hours) use of antihypertensive medications. Prevalences by age and gender are elevated in this population group compared with those in the general population. In addition to age and gender, body mass and diabetes status were also predictors of hypertension. Comparison of the Starr County results with those reported from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) sampling of Mexican Americans indicates a slight increase in frequency of hypertension in Starr County, while comparison with results from San Antonio Mexican Americans indicates a marked increase in frequency in Starr County. These differences are not simple functions of measurement protocols, but are likely to be caused by differences in population structure, employment and socioeconomic status, education, and other such factors.
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PMID:Hypertension among Mexican Americans in Starr County, Texas. 889 63

THE 23 MILLION HISPANICS IN THE UNITED STATES represent a mosaic of varied ethnic groups, and many share ancestry and language. They comprise one of the fastest-growing segments of the U.S. population. Social, cultural, and physical differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanics and among Hispanic subgroups affect the health of this population. Hispanics exhibit several risk factors for major health problems in differing levels from other populations. Most notably, Mexican Americans are 3 to 5 times more likely to have non-insulin-dependent diabetes than whites. Because of health factors and other distinguishing qualities, the health care establishment needs to do more research, especially on hypertension, and provide more culturally responsive health care for Hispanics. Surveys conducted in the early and mid-1980s show differing rates of hypertension among Hispanic groups, from lower levels to levels similar to those found in whites. Additional research is needed to identify the extent of hypertension incidence, awareness, and control in Hispanics, particularly among sub-groups. If hypertension rates are indeed lower than those in the general population, efforts should be made to identify and maintain the positive behaviors responsible.
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PMID:Hypertension in Hispanic Americans: overview of the population. 889 66

IN THE SAN LUIS VALLEY DIABETES STUDY (SLVDS) researchers studied hypertension morbidity and risk factors in 1788 Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites (NHW) from the rural San Luis Valley in Colorado. Hypertension was defined by The Fifth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-V) criteria. In this population-based study, the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for hypertension did not differ significantly between non-diabetic Hispanics and NHW participants. Hypertension risk increased with age, heart rate, serum triglycerides, insulin area, and obesity (in young participants). Compared with the prevalence rates in non-diabetic participants, the rates were significantly higher in people with diabetes and increased with the duration of diabetes and central obesity. The risk of hypertension in diabetic Hispanics appeared to be somewhat lower than that in NHW diabetics.
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PMID:Hypertension among rural Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites: the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study. 889 67


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