Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of 5 days sodium-free diet associated with furosemide administration were studied in 12 diabetic patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 12 healthy control subjects. Plasma renin activity was significantly lower in diabetics compared with that of normal subjects. Plasma aldosterone was similar in both groups. Urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 was significantly lower in diabetics before and after sodium depletion in comparison with normal subjects. Urinary excretion of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 was similar in both groups. It is concluded that the lower excretion of prostaglandin E2 in diabetics is related to the decreased activity of renin-angiotensin system. Decreased production of prostaglandin E2 may contribute to the development of arterial hypertension in the diabetes mellitus.
...
PMID:[Effect of sodium depletion on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and prostaglandins in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. 269 88

Examination included 70 patients with diabetes mellitus in combination with arterial hypertension of different origin (II stage essential hypertension and symptomatic renal arterial hypertension). Crystepin (2-3 tablets per 24 h) in combination with beta-adrenoblocker obsidan (40-80 mg/24 h) was used for treatment. Basic hemodynamic parameters and the state of the renin-aldosterone system were determined. The hemodynamic hypotensive effects in these patients due to the influence of the above therapy are uniform and depend on the form of attendant arterial hypertension. The hypotensive effect of crystepin used in combination with obsidan was more pronounced in patients with diabetes and II stage essential hypertension than that in those with diabetes and renal hypertension. The concentration of aldosterone and renin activity of blood plasma in patients with diabetes and arterial hypertension during treatment with crystepin and obsidan had no regular connection with the hemodynamic parameters.
...
PMID:[Use of crystepin in combination with obsidan in patients with diabetes mellitus with arterial hypertension]. 274 51

The effects of enalapril treatment on blood glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels and effects on the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system were studied in 22 hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. After a 4-wk run-in period during which all previous antihypertensive drugs were discontinued, treatment was commenced with one daily dose of 10 mg enalapril. The dose was adjusted upward at 3-wk intervals to a maximum of 40 mg daily. In 3 subjects, addition of a thiazide diuretic was required after 9 wk of treatment. At completion of run-in and after 9 and 13 wk of treatment, subjects had blood samples drawn after fasting and 2 h after a standardized 1.6-mJ mixed meal. Mean fasting blood glucose at the end of the run-in period was 8.3 +/- 0.5 mM and at study completion was 7.3 +/- 0.4 mM. Mean postprandial blood glucose was 10.8 +/- 1.0 mM before treatment and 9.8 +/- 0.7 mM at study completion. The changes in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels were not significant (P = .06 and P = .15, respectively). There was no significant change in glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Fasting and meal-stimulated insulin and C-peptide levels were not altered by enalapril treatment. Treatment was associated with a sustained reduction in plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, an increase in plasma renin activity, reduced plasma aldosterone levels, and significant reductions in supine, seated, and standing arterial blood pressures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Care 1988 May
PMID:Hormonal and metabolic effects of enalapril treatment in hypertensive subjects with NIDDM. 283 22

Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed a significant lowering in both PRA (-31%) and basal plasma aldosterone concentration (-59%), coupled with a notable atrophy of the zona glomerulosa (-30%) and its parenchymal cells (-36%). Kalaemia and the blood level of ACTH were not affected. Insulin infusion reversed all the streptozotocin-evoked effects. Analogous, though less conspicuous, changes were induced by experimental diabetes also in rats whose hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal axis and renin-angiotensin system had been pharmacologically interrupted by the simultaneous administration of dexamethasone-captopril and maintenance doses of ACTH-angiotensin II: the drops in the basal plasma aldosterone concentration and in the volume of zona glomerulosa and its cells ranged from -20% to -22%. In these animals, experimental diabetes significantly depressed the aldosterone response to the acute stimulation with angiotensin II (-55%), potassium (-50%), and ACTH (-43%). These findings indicate that the well known impairment of renin release may only partially account for the antiadrenoglomerulotrophic effect of experimental diabetes in rats. The hypothesis is advanced that the chronic lack of insulin may directly depress both the growth of the zona glomerulosa and the newly synthesis of some enzymes of aldosterone synthesis.
...
PMID:Zona glomerulosa morphology and function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 284 Feb 71

To clarify the role of the sympatho-adrenomedullary and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems, and catecholamine receptors, in the pathogenesis of orthostatic hypotension in diabetes mellitus (DM), urinary excretion of catecholamines, and plasma levels of norepinephrine (PNE), epinephrine (PE), renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (PAC), cyclic AMP (PcAMP) and cyclic GMP (PcGMP) were measured in 16 normal subjects (N) and 50 diabetic patients with or without orthostatic hypotension (DMOH(+), DMOH(-)). Changes in PNE, PE, PRA, PAC, PcAMP and PcGMP by standing, glucagon (G) administration and cold pressor test were examined. Furthermore, the effect of metoclopramide on catecholamine levels and blood pressure was investigated before and after cold pressor test. The results were following; (1) Urinary free norepinephrine excretion was significantly lower in DMOH(+), while urinary total norepinephrine excretion was normal in the two DM groups. Urinary free and total epinephrine excretions were lower in DMOH(+) than in N and DMOH(-). (2) PNE and PE were elevated after standing in all groups tested, and more pronounced in some cases of DMOH(+). Although PRA and PAC were elevated normally after standing in all groups, a dissociation between the two parameters was seen in some cases of DM. PcAMP after standing was correlated with PE(r = 0.829). Basal PcGMP was high in many cases of DMOH(+). However, no difference in the elevation of PcGMP after standing was noted between N and the two DM groups. (3) Systolic blood pressure (SBP) rose markedly in only DMOH(+) from 146 +/- 27mmHg to 178 +/- 34mmHg 5 minutes after G administration. The increment of PNE and PE 5 minutes after G administration were similar in all groups. In only DMOH(+), the increase in PcAMP 15 minutes after G test was proportional (r = 0.498) to that of epinephrine. (4) Responses of SBP, PNE, PE and PAC to cold pressor test apparently improved after administration of metoclopramide (MC) in some patients with DM. These results suggest that not only organic disturbance of sympathetic nerves but also functional inhibition of norepinephrine release mediated by dopamine receptor, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of orthostatic hypotension in diabetes mellitus. It is considered that catecholamine secretion from the adrenal medulla in DMOH(+) is increased by hypotension induced by standing. Furthermore, the vascular response to catecholamines may be accelerated through the increment of the extrajunctional receptor in DMOH(+).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
...
PMID:[The role of the sympatho-adrenomedullary system and adrenergic receptors in the pathogenesis of orthostatic hypotension in diabetes mellitus]. 285 93

Hypertension is more frequently found in patients with diabetes mellitus than in subjects with normal glucose tolerance. On the other hand, concomitant hypertension accelerates the progression of diabetic nephropathy. To examine whether human atrial natriuretic peptide (human ANF-[99-126], hANP) is involved into the pathogenesis of hypertension and nephropathy of diabetic patients and to find out whether the detection of increased hANP levels can serve as an early marker, helping to identify diabetic patients at increased risk of developing these diabetes complications, we studied 107 randomly selected patients with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes mellitus (53 women, 54 men). There were no differences between patients with normal hANP levels and patients with hANP levels above normal range regarding age, diabetes duration, metabolic control, kidney function (creatinine clearance and proteinuria), electrolytes, and in plasma renin activity, aldosterone, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in plasma. However, higher blood pressure was measured and antihypertensive therapy was found more frequently in patients with increased hANP levels (p less than 0.05). This was confirmed by analyzing the subgroup of patients with normal blood pressure without antihypertensive therapy: Again, diastolic blood pressure was found to be higher (p less than 0.05) in patients with elevated hANP than in patients with normal hANP levels. In this subgroup, increased creatinine clearance tended to be found more frequently among patients with increased hANP levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:[What pathophysiologic significance does increased plasma levels of human atrial natriuretic peptide have in patients with diabetes mellitus?]. 297 Jan 66

Potential impairment of the efficacy of human atrial natriuretic peptide (human ANF-(99-126), hANP), the most potent endogenous natriuretic agent in healthy subjects, was examined in eight male normotensive patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus (aged 22-37 years). After giving informed consent, patients and eight male control subjects (aged 22-28 years) received in a random double-blind study design i.v. bolus injections of 100 micrograms hANP (Bissendorf peptide) or placebo. At base-line, patients differed from controls in elevated creatinine clearance (P less than 0.05) and in mild postprandial hyperglycemia. Whereas the responses of urinary cyclic guanosine monophosphate, the second messenger of hANP, were found to be normal in patients, the diuretic and natriuretic effects of hANP were grossly impaired when compared to controls (P less than 0.01); hANP resulted in increased plasma protein concentrations only in controls (P less than 0.05 vs patients). In both groups, creatinine clearance remained uninfluenced by hANP. There were similar decreases in plasma renin activity, aldosterone, levels, and blood pressure (systolic more than diastolic) in both groups (P less than 0.05 vs placebo). Heart rate and blood glucose remained unchanged. Thus, there is evidence for a decreased responsiveness to hANP exclusively of renal fluid, sodium, and chloride excretion in uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon remain obscure, neither a down regulation at the hANP receptor sites nor an hANP-induced shift from intra- to extravascular fluid volume are likely to be involved in its probably diabetes-specific pathogenesis.
...
PMID:Impaired renal responsiveness to human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) in normotensive patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. 297 Nov 31

offlated hypoaldosteronism with or without hyperkalemia in patients with diabetes mellitus has been shown to exist occasionally without hyporeninemia. To assess in detail the adrenal function in this disorder, the responses of plasma aldosterone (PA) and its precursor steroids to angiotensin II (AII) infusion and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) injection were studied in seven patients with asymptomatic normoreninemic hypoaldosteronism (ANH) and 11 age-matched normal subjects. The ANH diabetic patients had, by definition, a low PA level after furosemide (80 mg orally) plus upright posture (4 hours) stimulation, low PA and high plasma renin activity (PRA) increases after the stimulation (a low delta PA/delta PRA ratio), and normokalemia. Plasma inactive renin and the inactive renin/total renin ration were similar in the ANH diabetic patients and in the normal subjects. Under the pre-AII condition, plasma DOC and corticosterone levels tended to be low, and the plasma 18-OHB and PA levels were low in the ANH diabetic patients compared with the normal subjects. The ratio of plasma 18-OHB to PA was similar in the two groups. All infusion produced no increases in plasma 18-OHB and PA in the ANH diabetic patients, whereas the infusion caused dose-dependent increases in these steroids in the normal subjects. Plasma DOC and corticosterone levels remained unchanged during AII infusion in the two groups. ACTH injection produced appropriate PA increases relative to the basal PA in the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Unresponsiveness of plasma mineralocorticoids to angiotensin II in diabetic patients with asymptomatic normoreninemic hypoaldosteronism. 298 80

Hypertension with diabetes mellitus has been associated with suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. We have studied the effects of the converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, on blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone in 10 stable hypertensive diabetic subjects and 10 age-matched patients with essential hypertension. There was no clinical evidence of complication in the diabetic subjects and their diabetic treatment remained unchanged throughout the study. Mean captopril doses used were similar in both groups. In the diabetics and the essential hypertensives, treatment resulted in a significant and similar decrease in blood pressure. Pre-treatment basal and stimulated PRA and the change of PRA with captopril were also similar. Pre-treatment stimulated plasma aldosterone and the response of aldosterone to postural stress was significantly lower in the diabetic group, suggesting an impaired adrenal responsiveness to stress. Despite this, our findings indicate that the hypotensive action of captopril is at least as effective in hypertension associated with otherwise uncomplicated diabetes mellitus as in essential hypertension.
...
PMID:Effects of converting enzyme inhibition on blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone in hypertensive diabetics compared to patients with essential hypertension. 299 84

The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on rat renal ouabain-sensitive ATPase in six distinct nephron segments was studied. Twenty-four hours after administration of streptozotocin, blood glucose increased threefold (P less than 0.001), and glucosuria was evident. Aldosterone levels increased almost twofold (P less than 0.001). Ouabain-sensitive ATPase increased in the proximal segments PC (proximal convoluted tubule) and PS (proximal straight tubule) by 43 and 62%, respectively, (P less than 0.001) and CD (cortical collecting duct) ouabain-sensitive ATPase increased 77% (P less than 0.001). Ouabain-sensitive ATPase in the cortical (CTAL) and medullary (MTAL) thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop and in the DC (distal convoluted tubule) remained unchanged after 24 h of streptozotocin administration. Eight days after streptozotocin administration, when glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was already markedly elevated, ouabain-sensitive ATPase remained increased in the PC, PS, and CD but was significantly less compared with the activity after 24 h (P less than 0.05), whereas in the CTAL and MTAL a marked increase in ouabain-sensitive ATPase occurred by 54% in the CTAL and 65% in the MTAL (P less than 0.001). Aldosterone levels remained elevated compared with control but less than after 24 h. Pretreatment with deoxycorticosterone acetate abolished the increase in ouabain-sensitive ATPase in the CD. These findings show that streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in the rat is associated with a substantial increase in ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity along most of the nephron. This increase in enzyme activity may represent a mechanism of physiological adaptation of the nephron to maintain electrolyte homeostasis in diabetes in face of the increased GFR and osmotic diuresis.
...
PMID:Enhanced renal tubular ouabain-sensitive ATPase in streptozotocin diabetes mellitus. 301 97


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---