Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Morphological characteristics of bone tissues were studied in the feet of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 (DM1 and DM2). Osteoblasts and osteoclasts prevalence, the presence of collagen type III in the composition of newly formed bone were characteristic for DM1. Osteocytes prevalence and abundant granulation tissue in newly formed bone was a feature of DM2. The analysis of bone tissue resorption suggests that lacunar osteoclastic resorpsion is the main type in DM1 while periosteocytic osteolysis and smooth resorption are typical for DM2. Thus, osteolysis genesis and synthesis of bone tissue in DM1 and DM2 may be different.
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PMID:[Osteopathy in diabetic foot syndrome]. 1505 2

Few studies have described the genetics of childhood diabetes mellitus (DM) in US minorities. High-risk DQA1 and DQB1 alleles (DQA1*0301, DQB1*0201, and DQB1*0302 in African Americans and Latinos, and DQA1 *0501 in African Americans) were identified from previous studies and tested in 45 African American and 26 Latino patients from the population-based Chicago Childhood Diabetes Registry, and in 50 healthy race-matched controls. Sixteen of the African American patients and three Latinos had youth-onset type 2 DM and were analyzed separately. In African Americans with type 1 DM, both DQA1*0102 and DQB1*0602 were protective (p < 0.0001), and the susceptibility alleles DQA1*0301 and DQB1*0201 were more frequent than in controls (p < 0.01). In Latinos, DQA1*0301 and DQB1*0302 were marginally increased in patients with DM1 compared to controls; no individual DQA1 or DQB1 allele was protective. Patients with DM1 were significantly more likely to carry one or two high-risk DQA1 alleles in both populations; they were also more likely than controls to carry at least one high-risk DQB1 allele. The odds ratio for the ability to form at least two high-risk DQA1-DQB1 heterodimers (cis and/or trans) was 7.9 (95% CI: 1.7-40.0) for African Americans and 5.7 (1.3-25.6) for Latinos with DM1. African American patients with DM2 were not statistically different from controls, and were less likely to carry four high-risk susceptibility alleles than patients with DM1 (p = 0.002). Many of the HLA-DQ associations previously documented in non-Hispanic White populations also are found in African Americans and Latinos with DM1, although some differences exist.
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PMID:HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles in Latino and African American children with diabetes mellitus. 1511 6

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is caused by either an untranslated CTG expansion in the 3' untranslated region of the DMPK gene on chromosome 19 (dystrophia myotonica type 1 [DM1]), or an untranslated CCTG tetranucleotide repeat expansion in intron 1 of the ZNF9 gene on chromosome 3 (dystrophia myotonica type 2 [DM2]). RNA-binding proteins adhere to transcripts of the repeat expansions that accumulate in the nucleus, and a trans-dominant dysregulation of pre-mRNA alternative splicing has been demonstrated for several genes. In muscle from patients with DM1, altered insulin-receptor splicing to the nonmuscle isoform corresponds to the insulin insensitivity and diabetes that are part of the DM phenotype; because of insulin-receptor species differences, this effect is not seen in mouse models of the disease. We now demonstrate that comparable splicing abnormalities occur in DM2 muscle prior to the development of muscle histopathology, thus demonstrating an early pathogenic effect of RNA expansions.
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PMID:Insulin receptor splicing alteration in myotonic dystrophy type 2. 1511 29

Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) recipients have longer survival compared to type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) cadaveric kidney recipients. However, DM1 living-related kidney transplant (KTX-LR) recipients have the same mortality as SPK recipients. It is unknown whether cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors pretransplant are similar between the two groups, SPK and DM1 KTX-LR. We analyzed pretransplant characteristics of SPK recipients (n = 39) and DM1 KTX-LR/living unrelated (LUR) recipients (KTX-LR/LUR, n = 20). In individuals who had multiple transplants, only pretransplant data from the first transplant was used. As all characteristics of KTX-LR/LUR recipients were the same, they were grouped for comparison with SPK. Pretransplant blood pressure (BP), body mass index, (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (A1c), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides (TG), serum creatinine, type and duration of dialysis, and duration of diabetes were compared between the two groups. Mean age at time of transplantation was 41 +/- 1 years (mean +/- SEM) for SPK versus 39 +/- 2 years for KTX-LR/LUR (P = NS). Pretransplant BP, BMI, duration of diabetes, TC, HDL, LDL, TG, and lipid agent use were not different between the groups. Pretransplant A1c was 7.8 +/- 0.3% for SPK recipients and 8.3 +/- 0.5% for KTX-LR/LUR recipients (P = NS). Pretransplant serum creatinine was higher in KTX-LR/LUR compared to SPK (7.9 +/- 0.6 mg/dL versus 5.4 +/- 0.5 mg/dL; P =.01). Except for serum creatinine, there were no significant differences in traditional CVD risk factors pretransplant. However, factors posttransplant in addition to better glucose control with SPK may still be different between SPK and KTX-LR/LUR groups.
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PMID:There are no differences in pretransplant characteristics of individuals receiving simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant and individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus receiving living-related kidney transplant. 1519 77

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) are at high risk to develop further autoimmune disorders, which are mostly characterized by the presence of organ-specific antibodies in serum and a subclinical disease course. Diabetes-related (glutamic acid decarboxylase, tyrosine phosphatase, IA-2) and thyroid-specific (thyroperoxidase, thyroglobulin) as well as antibodies to 20S proteasome, and anti-nuclear antibodies, were measured at DM1 onset in 147 children and adolescents. Patients were followed prospectively for the development of autoimmune thyroiditis (TSH elevation and/or sonographic thyroid gland enlargement in the presence of thyroid antibodies) up to 12 years, median observation time 4.4 years. Eight of 147 (5.4%) patients developed autoimmune thyroiditis. The cumulative incidence (+/-SE) at 5 years was 0.08+/-0.03. The prevalence of thyroid antibodies was 16.7%, of DM-related 88.4%, 20S proteasome 21.9%, and anti-nuclear antibodies 20.0%. There was a positive correlation between thyroid and anti-nuclear antibodies (p <0.001). Clinical course of DM1 and remission duration were not influenced by the presence of autoantibodies. However, in contrast to patients without antibodies, those with positive antibodies had significantly (p <0.001) elevated cumulative incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis at 5 years: thyroperoxidase 0.40+/-0.13, thyroglobulin 0.38+/-0.15, and anti-nuclear antibodies 0.29+/-0.12, respectively. These data underline that autoimmunity in patients with DM1 is not only restricted to beta-cell antigens at the onset of disease. In particular, patients with positive thyroid and anti-nuclear antibodies are at high risk to develop autoimmune thyroiditis during the first 5 years of DM1.
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PMID:Prevalence of 20S proteasome, anti-nuclear and thyroid antibodies in young patients at onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus and the risk of autoimmune thyroiditis. 1530 Oct 45

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with oxidative stress, elevation of inflammatory markers and other mechanisms, which may contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to determine prominent factors of these pathogenic processes in patients with DM, to examine their relationship in serum, and to find out the differences between DM1 and DM2. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), C-reactive protein (CRP), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) and anti-beta2-glycoprotein-1 antibodies (anti-beta2-GPI) were determined in 27 patients with DM1, 27 patients with DM2 and 23 healthy subjects. AOPP, CRP and anti-beta2-GPI were significantly elevated in DM2 in comparison with healthy subjects (p<0.01, p<0.0001, p<0.0001, respectively). In DM1, anti-beta2-GPI were elevated (p<0.0001) as well, but there was no increase of either AOPP or CRP. There was no difference in PAPP-A levels in DM1 or DM2 and healthy subjects. In DM 1, AOPP correlate significantly with anti-beta2-GPI (r = 0.68, p<0.05). In DM2, there is a significant correlation between anti-beta2-GPI and PAPP-A (r=0.45, p<0.05). Oxidative stress and inflammation are more expressed in DM2 and they are partly related. In DM1, oxidative stress seems to be in closer link to autoimmune reaction than to inflammation.
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PMID:Oxidative stress, inflammation and autoimmune reaction in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. 1535 43

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria and the associated risk factors in patients with childhood-onset diabetes mellitus (DM). One hundred and sixty-three patients (141 with type 1 DM [DM1] and 22 with type 2 DM [DM21), aged 8 to 28 years, were evaluated for albumin excretion rate and HbA(1c). The mean duration of DM was 8.1 +/- 3.4 and 5.5 +/- 3.9 years in DM1 and DM2, respectively. Persistent microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were observed in 11.3% and 2.8% of patients with DM1, and 18.2% and 4.5% in patients with DM2, respectively. In DM1, the duration of DM, age of onset, and HbA(1c) levels were significant predictors of microalbuminuria. Our observations suggest that screening for microalbuminuria should be started from early adolescence in patients with DM1 and DM2.
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PMID:Prevalence of microalbuminuria in young patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. 1552 21

The authors evaluated a screening program for lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) in diabetic patients and focused on the value of toe blood pressure assessment. They recruited 437 subjects, ages 30-70 years (134 healthy controls, 166 type 1 and 137 type 2 diabetic patients; control [Ctr], DM1, and DM2) with no previous history of LEAD. They were enrolled in a longitudinal study with a planned follow-up of 10 years. Patients were consecutively enrolled from outpatient diabetes units of 2 university hospitals. Subjects were screened with respect to peripheral circulation by use of established noninvasive techniques. These included arm, ankle (AP), and toe (TP) blood pressure measurements; evaluation of peripheral neuropathy; and a standardized physical examination. Results from the baseline examination are presented in this report. The number of patients who presented peripheral pressures or indices below normal (< mean -2 SD for controls) was higher among diabetic patients; 24% of DM1 and 31% of DM2, as compared to 6% of Ctr, had at least 1 lower limb with a low TP, AP, toe/arm index (TI), or ankle/arm index (AI), and these subjects were mainly identified by using the toe/arm index. TI was independently and negatively associated with fasting blood glucose in both patient groups, and with smoking, age, and diabetes duration in DM1. The mean AP was higher in the DM1 and DM2 groups compared to Ctr, whereas overall TP, TI, and AI were similar in the groups. It was also shown that abnormally low TI was significantly more common than low AI among diabetics (p<0.001), and this was true for TP vs AP as well (p<0.05). It is beneficial to include assessment of toe blood pressure and toe/arm blood pressure index to detect early LEAD in diabetic patients. Ankle blood pressure and indices alone are less efficient, owing probably to medial sclerosis in diabetic patients. Up to 30% of diabetic patients with no ischemic symptoms may have signs of impaired arterial circulation.
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PMID:Assessment of toe blood pressure is an effective screening method to identify diabetes patients with lower extremity arterial disease. 1554 50

Diabetes is associated with a hypercoagulable state. Eighty percent of patients with diabetes mellitus die due to various thrombotic vascular complications. Disorder of coagulation and fibrynolysis is associated with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Angiogenesis requires degradation of vascular basement membrane prior to migration and proliferation of endothelial cells. Various serine proteases play important role in this process. The homeostatic system is also the source of endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis. Human serum contains various factors able to induce or suppress formation of new blood vessels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the activity of some angiogenesis inhibitors, anti-proteases, anti-thrombin III, a1 anti-trypsin and a2 anti-plasmin in sera of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 and non-proliferative retinopathy, and to correlate this activity to total angiogenic potential of these sera, measured by mice cutaneous test. Sera of 22 persons with DM1, aged 33-70 years, 35 persons with DM2, aged 37-79 years, and 51 healthy people, aged 22-80 years (as control group) were studied. Direct serum-induced cutaneous angiogenesis test in mice (SIA) was applied. Berichrom (ade Behring) tests and immunoturbidimetric method were used for evaluation of anti-proteases activity. Angiogenic activity of DM1 patients sera was statistically lower than this parameter in DM2 patients and in control group. Levels of anti-proteases were similar in DM1, DM2 and control group, with one exception: anti-thrombin level was lower in DM2 patients' sera than this in the control group. Analysis of correlation revealed important difference in behaviour of DM1 sera, as compared to other groups. Significant negative correlation was observed between angiogenic activity and anti-thrombin, as well as anti-trypsin level of DM1 patients' sera. On the other hand, correlation analysis performed for the sera of control group revealed significant positive correlation between their angiogenic activity and anti-thrombin level. No other correlations were found.
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PMID:[Proteinases inhibitors in sera of diabetic patients with non-proliferative retinopathy]. 1563 23

Psychological aspects and patients' acceptance of type 1 diabetes (DM1) may exercise some influence in their glycemic control. In this project the influence of psychological aspects were evaluated on glycemic control of DM1 patients. A retrospective study of participants from Diabetes Weekend (DW), an educational project in DM1 was carried out in Minas Gerais. In a sample of 150 subjects (66M/84F, 21.6+/-13.5 years and duration of DM of 8.5+/-7.9 years) we analyzed: type of insulin, insulin delivery, insulin dose per day and insulin dose per day in DW, psychological profile, capillary glycemia and previous history of convulsion crisis, severe hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis (CAD). Glucose was monitored 4 times a day by a digital glucose monitor. 20.9% of the patients with DM1 felt very well (G1); 39.5% well (G2), 25.6% with difficult glycemic control (G3), 9.3% trying to accept (G4) and 4.7% reported to be very bad about their DM1. The average capillary glycemia (ACG, in mg/dl) was significantly lower in G1 than in the others (169.8; G2: 182.3; G3: 199.3; G4: 200.7). There were no significant association of this psychological aspects and previous history of CAD, hypoglycemia or convulsion crisis. DM1 duration over 5 years was associated to lower acceptance of the disease (p= 0.017) and age of patients (p= 0.000). 13.9% of patients reported to be ashamed of their disease; the ACG was significantly higher in this group as compared to others (246.2 vs. 178.1; p= 0.007). In 91 patients (60.4%) who mention to have apprehension of feeling sick in public the ACG was significantly higher (200.4 vs. 184.5; p= 0.014). The systematic glucose monitoring showed positive association between psychological aspects and worse glycemic control. The psychological and multidisciplinary approach of DM1 patients is very important to try to improve the metabolic control, to prevent future complications, which results in better quality of life for these patients.
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PMID:[Psychological aspects and blood glucose control of a type 1 diabetes mellitus group from Minas Gerais]. 1564 Aug 81


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