Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Out of 1,251 patients above 65 years of age staying at the Charles Foix Hospital (prolonged hospitalization) and the St. Joseph Hospital (acute cases), 168 had one or more positive blood cultures. Urinary tract infection is a major source of septicemia due to gram negative bacilli. It is important to stress cases of septicemia due to pneumococcal pneumoniae, eschars, and other skin lesions. Mortality varies between 33 and 36%, depending upon the hospital. Collapse, although infrequent, still portends a grave prognosis (61% of cases of collapse led to death at Charles Foix Hospital). The combination of more than two risk factors considerably worsens the prognosis. Hypoproteinemia and dementia are every bit as grave as diabetes and cancer. A better isolation of the microorganisms involved in cases of septicemia in the elderly will lead to a more judicious choice of antibiotics. The administration of chemotherapy immediately after the samples were obtained remains the main guarantee of successful therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Septicemia in the elderly (author's transl)]. 2 83

1. Association of bronchial asthma, nasal pathology and intolerance to aspirin is a unique syndrome. Aspirin-induced prolongation of bleeding time, and a tendency for diabetes, may exist with it. 2. The syndrome occurs most often in the middle-aged female. 3. Progression of asthma and nasal polyposis is not prevented by avoidance of aspirin. 4. Salicylates other than aspirin are well tolerated but cross-reactivity with other analgesics, and with tartrazine, may occur. 5. The underlying mechanism is unknown. An immunologic basic is most unlikely.
 ...
PMID:Aspirin intolerance--a review. 32 17

Normal subjects and patients with adult-onset diabetes received 10 gm. of aspirin in four days. On the fourth day, the fasting serum glucose and the glucose response to oral glucose were decreased in both groups. These changes were associated with increased levels of serum insulin and pancreatic glucagon, although the glucagon responses to oral glucose were unchanged. In the diabetic patients, aspirin therapy was followed by a decreased glucose response to I.V. glucose and by the appearance of an early insulin peak, which could not be demonstrated before treatment. Aspirin did not affect the I.V. glucose tolerance in normal subjects, although it did enhance the early insulin peak. A decrease in the fasting levels of free fatty acids was noted in both groups, whereas the fasting level of triglycerides decreased only in the diabetic patients. Cholesterolemia did not change in either group. A few preliminary observations indicate that, in normal subjects, ibuprofen and ketoprofen, two other presumed prostaglandin inhibitors, did not affect fasting glycemia, glucose tolerance, or the insulin response to glucose. No changes were noted after the administration of placebo.
Diabetes 1978 Dec
PMID:Aspirin stimulates insulin and glucagon secretion and increases glucose tolerance in normal and diabetic subjects. 72 Jul 74

The steady-state levels of mRNA encoding for the alpha 1(IV) collagen chain, laminin B1 and B2 chains, basement membrane HSPG, and alpha 1(I) and alpha 1(III) collagen chains were examined in rat glomeruli at 4, 12, and 24 wk after injection of STZ. The mRNA levels for the alpha 1(IV) collagen chain, laminin B1 and B2 chains, and alpha 1(I) and alpha 1(III) collagen chains increased significantly with age in the STZ-induced diabetic rats before morphological thickening of basement membrane occurred. In contrast, the mRNA levels for HSPG decreased markedly 4 wk after STZ injection and then increased with age compared with those for control rats. The mRNA levels for these ECM components showed a continuous decline with age in controls. Treating the diabetic rats with insulin for 4 wk ameliorated the abnormally regulated ECM gene expression in the glomeruli. These data suggest that the abnormal regulation of ECM gene expression in the glomeruli may contribute to the expansion of mesangial matrix and basement membrane thickening in diabetic rats, and that hyperglycemia may play a role in the abnormal ECM gene expression.
Diabetes 1992 Dec
PMID:ECM gene expression and its modulation by insulin in diabetic rats. 128 Feb 37

Non-enzymic binding of sugars to proteins (glycation) is a common biological phenomenon that is increased in diabetes. Most work has been directed towards structural proteins which may be present for many years and would continue to accumulate sugar residues. As glycation is a non-specific reaction, other proteins such as enzymes will also be susceptible to glycation and could well display altered activity. We investigated the effect of various sugars whose concentrations increase in diabetes in insulin-independent tissues on glutathione reductase, an enzyme that maintains the GSH level in cells. Glucose, glucose 6-phosphate and fructose all displayed a time-dependent inhibition of glutathione reductase activity, suggesting that these sugars glycate this enzyme. Aspirin gave some protection against the loss of activity induced by glucose.
 ...
PMID:Glycation (non-enzymic glycosylation) inactivates glutathione reductase. 144 75

Cataract is the major cause of blindness worldwide and at present the only approved treatment in many countries including the UK and USA is surgical removal of the lens. In other countries various anti-cataract drugs are available without proof of their efficacy. Research is continuing into the possible benefits of several groups of drugs and some vitamins. The first to be studied were sorbitol-lowering agents (aldose reductase inhibitors) based on the sorbitol hypothesis for diabetic cataract. Sorbitol-lowering agents have distinct effects in vitro and many of them delay the development of cataract in galactose-fed rats. A few delay cataract in diabetic rats but none have been proved effective in clinical trials, although these continue. Aspirin, paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen delay diabetic cataract in rats, and have been shown to delay other experimental cataracts. Case-control studies from 3 continents indicate that these drugs, or at least aspirin, protect against cataract. Results of studies on all 3 drugs indicate a benefit even at low doses. Population-based studies did not identify any protection against early lens opacities but tiny opacities that do not impair vision are not a problem. Bendazac protects lens proteins in vitro and delays cataractogenesis in x-irradiated rats. In humans, it reached the clinical trial stage but most trials have been small and with subjective criteria of opacification. One objectively monitored trial suffered from a high drop-out rate. Other preparations studied less extensively include vitamins, aminoguanidine to prevent protein cross-linking in diabetes and agents designed to boost glutathione levels. It is probable that some agents which may delay or prevent cataract will be proved effective soon, and in the end there may be different drugs to delay cataract in different high risk groups. This is what might be expected of a multifactorial disease, although compounds that intervene in the final common pathways to cataract could have a broad efficacy.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacological treatment strategies in age-related cataracts. 150 43

Incidence and type of postoperative complications were prospectively analyzed in 2280 patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. 6.6% had one or more pulmonary complications requiring therapeutic intervention (2.3% pneumonia, 1.6% drained pleural effusions, 1.2% atelectases). Based on univariate and logistic regression analyses, the following parameters constitute high-risk patients with regard to pulmonary complications: Elective surgery (4.3%, 61/1428): anemia (7.2% pulmonary complications), pathological blood gas analysis (9.8%), preoperative hospitalization greater than 1 week (6.3%), blood loss under operations greater than 1000 ml (10.5%), length of the operation greater than 3 h (9.7%); emergency surgery (10.4%, 89/852): upper gastrointestinal operation (16.2%), age greater than 75 (19.9%), ASA IV/V (28%), anemia (19.6%), chronic bronchitis (19%), pathological blood gas analysis (26.6%), diabetes (16.5%), heart failure (18.2%), blood loss under operation greater than 1000 ml (24.3%), length of the operation greater than 2 h (15.4%). These results allow to distinguish between different levels of pulmonary risk.
 ...
PMID:[Pulmonary complications following surgical abdominal interventions. Identification of various risk groups]. 150 62

The substrate specificities of human aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase toward trioses, triose phosphates, and related three-carbon aldehydes and ketones were evaluated. Both enzymes are able to catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of all of the substrates used. Aldose reductase shows more discrimination among substrates than does aldehyde reductase and is generally the more efficient catalyst. The best substrate for aldose reductase is methylglyoxal (kcat = 142 min-1, kcat/Km = 1.8 x 10(7) M-1 min-1), a toxic 2-oxo-aldehyde that is produced nonenzymatically from triose phosphates and enzymatically from acetone/acetol metabolism. D- and L-glyceraldehyde and D- and L-lactaldehyde are also good substrates for aldose reductase. The aldose reductase-catalyzed reduction of methylglyoxal produces 95% acetol, 5% D-lactaldehyde. Further reduction of acetol produces only L-1,2-propanediol. Acetol and propanediol are two products that accumulate in uncontrolled diabetes. Both acetol and methylglyoxal were compared with glucose for their abilities to produce covalent modification of albumin. All three of these carbonyl compounds reacted with albumin to produce modified proteins with new absorption and emission bands that are spectrally similar. Both methylglyoxal and acetol are much more reactive than glucose. A new integrative model of diabetic complications is proposed that combines the aldose reductase/polyol pathway theory and the nonenzymatic glycation theory except that emphasis is placed both on methylglyoxal/acetol metabolism and on glucose metabolism.
 ...
PMID:Reduction of trioses by NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductases. Aldose reductase, methylglyoxal, and diabetic complications. 153 26

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular diseases not directly attributable to hyperlipidemia, smoking, or hypertension, but which in part may be explained by an enhanced tendency to thrombosis due to increased platelet activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate platelet function and compare the effectiveness of the antiplatelet drug aspirin on platelet aggregation in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Platelet aggregation and composition were examined in 20 male insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and 20 nondiabetic control subjects matched for age and body mass index. All were normotensive with serum total cholesterol less than 6.5 mM. Although within the clinically acceptable normal range, blood pressure was significantly higher in diabetic patients (130/75 mmHg) than in control subjects (123/70 mmHg) (P less than 0.05). Serum thromboxane B2 and ex vivo aggregation of platelets in response to two doses of the agonists collagen and platelet-activating factor (PAF) were similar to nondiabetic subjects. However, after taking 100 mg/day aspirin for 5 days, platelet aggregation to collagen was reduced by 76% in control subjects compared to 56% in IDDM patients (P less than 0.001). Aspirin treatment also reduced the slope of the aggregation curve and increased the lag time (the period between the addition of collagen and the start of irreversible aggregation) significantly more in control than in diabetic platelets. This difference in platelet aggregation could not be attributed to differences in platelet serotonin or thromboxane A2 secretion, the latter being almost completely suppressed by aspirin in each group. Platelet aggregation to PAF was similar in both groups and was not affected by aspirin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1992 Mar
PMID:Differential effect of aspirin on platelet aggregation in IDDM. 155 86

Glycation is a non-enzymatic modification of proteins by sugars, probably responsible for the initiation of complications in diabetes patients and aging individuals. Our in vitro experiments show an inhibition of sugar attachment in the presence of Diclofenac. The levels of advanced glycation products, measured as specific fluorescent groups, were also lowered due to Diclofenac. These results were compared with inhibition by Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), a known inhibitor of the glycation process. The protection by Diclofenac is based on a non-covalent interaction of the drug with serum albumin. There is evidence that Diclofenac specifically blocks at least one of the major glycation sites of human serum albumin.
 ...
PMID:Glycation of human serum albumin: inhibition by Diclofenac. 156 87


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>