Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Protein fractions with dissimilar electrophoretic mobility were identified in Langerhans, islands. In solitory islands, isolated from pancreas of rats with alloxan diabetes as compared with normal rats the protein composition varied distinctly: fractions of "constant" proteins and, specifically, the insulin fraction disappeared completely, total amount of identified fractions was decreased with relative alteration in their mobility. The total protein-synthesizing activity of Langerhans' islands from diabetic animals was 3-4-fold decreased as compared with that of control animals. An effect of "glucose repression" of protein synthesis was observed in isolated Langerhans' islands.
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PMID:[Protein composition and synthesis in islands of Langerhans isolated from normal rats and rats with alloxan diabetes]. 35 46

It was shown that hypoinsulinemia in the superior pancratico-duodenal vein and inhibition of the first phase of insulin secretion by the pancreas characteristic of alloxan diabetes of different severity was absent in the femoral vein. The data obtained in the insulin and glucose concentration study in the superior pancreatico-duodenal vein stressed the leading role of the pancreatic factor in the pathogenesis of alloxan diabetes in dogs. Analysis of these parameters in the peripheral femoral vein failed to reflect this statement adequately.
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PMID:[Dynamics of insulin secretion in dogs with alloxan diabetes]. 35 28

Morphometric and morphological analysis of microvascular changes of the mesentery of the small intestine in dogs with alloxan diabetes of one month duration was carried out. A number of changes pointing to functional and structural reconstruction of the microcirculatory bed were revealed.
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PMID:[Morphometric analysis of microangiopathy in dogs with alloxan diabetes]. 35 91

Experiments with 68 white rats have demonstrated that, comparing to the normal, density and area of the pancreatic islets capillaries at alloxan diabetes decreases and is followed by elevation of blood suger and drop in insulin containing erythrocytes. At purposeful revascularization (splenectomy) density and area of capillary surface in the pancreatic islets increases, and diffusion radius decreases, that is accompanied by improved endocrinal function and makes it possible to estimate positively the method of revascularization of the pancreas.
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PMID:[Morphometric evaluation of the intensity of blood flow in the islands of Langerhans and of the effectiveness of controlled revascularization of the pancreas under experimental conditions]. 35 1

In the present work, homogeneous isolated pancreatic islet-cells were transplanted to diabetic rats with the aim of verifying if the transplanted tissue could survive and reduce the plasma glucose concentration on the alloxan-induced diabetic receptors. For the isolation of the pancreatic islets, pancreas was incubated in collagenase solution for about 13 +/- 3 minutes, followed by centrifugation in Ficoll gradients. The islets, 3 000 to 5 000, were transplanted to alloxan diabetic recipients, in a territory, preferentially with portal-hepatic drainage (mesentery and spleen). Sixty per cent of the recipients exhibited a fall of the plasma glucose concentration, up to 70%, while in the control animals, the diabetes persisted. The islets were found in the recipients mesentery up to 10 days after transplantation, and all of them showed heavily granulated (aldehyde fuchsin positive) beta cells. After this time, islets were not found. These results indicate that islets can survive and attenuate diabetes in alloxan-treated rats, and that, probably, the number of islets transplanted as well as the receiving areas play an important role.
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PMID:Transplantation of islets of Langerhans in diabetic rats. 35 20

Sixty-nine alloxan-diabetic male Fischer rats received syngeneic transplants of eight 18-days-postcoitum fetal pancreases at the renal subcapsular site. One half of the recipients were given 2 to 4 U. protamine-zinc insulin for seven days immediately after transplantation. This insulin-treatment regimen effectively normalized blood glucose rapidly. Forty-seven transplant recipients survived, and diabetes was reversed in all. Insulin treatment had no effect on recovery time or glucose tolerance. Those animals requiring longer periods to reach normoglycemia had impaired glucose tolerance. Some insulin-treated recipients returned to normoglycemia rapidly while others required an extended period. Those animals that showed rapid reversal exhibited elevated concentrations of plasma insulin both in the fasting state and during glucose tolerance tests. No pretransplant parameters could be identified as predictors of rapid reversal.
Diabetes 1978 Oct
PMID:Syngeneic transplantation of fetal rat pancreas. I. Effect of insulin treatment of the reversal of alloxan diabetes. 35 88

Eight 18-days-postcoitum fetal pancreases were transplanted to isogenic alloxan-diabetic male rats. Some recipients were treated with insulin for seven days immediately after transplantation. Eight animals in both the insulin-treated group and control group were killed 15days after transplantation for morphologic and hormonal studies of the transplanted tissue. Using the morphometric technique of linear scanning, the insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin immunocytochemically positive, cell masses of the fetal pancreatic implants were quantitated. The beta cell mass of the implants from the control animals increased roughly eightfold from the time of transplant; insulin treatment resulted in a further two- to threefold increase. The insulin content of the implants increased more than did the beta cell mass, resulting in the fivefold increase in insulin per beta cell. The alpha cell and delta cell masses did not change during the transplant site, the mass of functional beta cells, and the cell-to-cell content of the implanted tissue. These results are discussed in relation to previous quantitative studies of pancreatic islet cell growth. The relationships of the transplant site, the mass of functional beta cell, and the cell-to-cell interaction within the islet to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis are also discussed.
Diabetes 1978 Oct
PMID:Syngeneic transplantation of fetal rat pancreas. II. Effect of insulin treatment on the growth and differentiation of pancreatic implants fifteen days after transplantation. 35 89

The rate of alloxan-induced insulin release was measured from rat islets maintained in a simple perifusion system. Insulin release during the five-minute exposure to alloxan reached its maximum rate after two to three minutes of the exposure and then rapidly declined. This insulin release was dependent upon extracellular calcium and was associated with an increased 45Ca uptake by isolated islets. Once exposed to alloxan, however, the islets did not release insulin when stimulated again with D-glucose or alloxan. These effects of alloxan on insulin release (stimulation and subsequent inhibition) and the increased 45Ca uptake were prevented by the presence of 3-0-methyl-D-glucose during the alloxan exposure. These findings indicate a close correlation between alloxan-induced insulin release and the subsequent inhibition of further insulin release. D-glucose, when present during the entire five-minute exposure to alloxan, protected competitively against alloxan inhibition of insulin release. In addition, D-glucose, when present immediately after brief (one to three minutes) alloxan exposures, reversed some of the subsequent inhibition of insulin release. These findings suggest that alloxan and D-glucose were competing for a common site on the beta-cell. The possibility of this site being a receptor responsible for the initiation of insulin release is discussed.
Diabetes 1978 Dec
PMID:Alloxan stimulation and inhibition of insulin release from isolated rat islets of Langerhans. 36 92

Reversal of insulinopenia, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and polyuria associated with severe alloxan diabetes in the rat was accomplished by syngeneic transplantation of whole late-gestation fetal rat pancreata. Intravenous glucose tolerance test (GTT) revealed an improved yet still abnormal glucose and insulin response in reversed recipients reconstituted with as few as two pancreata from fetal donors. Eight fetal donors were sufficient to return glucose and insulin response following GTT to normal. Seventy to eighty percent fewer donors were required when the pancreata were transplanted in their entirely as opposed to transplantation of pancreata subjected to prior enzymatic and mechanical dissociation. The facility and simplicity of the whole fetal pancreas implantation technique makes it an appealing model for further study of islet growth and differentiation at the transplant site and of its effect on the metabolic state of the recipient.
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PMID:Syngeneic transplantation of the fetal rat pancreas IV. Dissociated versus whole organ implantation. 36 9

Eight 18-316 fetal pancreases were transplanted to syngeneic alloxan diabetic male rats. Some of the recipients were treated with insulin for a 7-day period immediately after transplant. By previously published clinical criteria, three groups of recipients could be identified after reversal of diabetes by the transplanted tissue: insulin-treated rapid reversal; insulin-treated slow reversal; and control (not treated with insulin). Five animals in each group were sacrificed after glucose tolerance testing for morphologic and hormonal analysis of the transplanted tissue. The insulin-,glucagon-, and somatostatin-positive islet cell masses of the fetal pancreatic implants were quantitated. There was a correlation between the beta cell mass of the implants and the glucose tolerance exhibited by the host animals. The rapid response insulin-treated recipients had significantly greater implant beta cell mass and insulin content compared with the other groups. There was no difference in implant alpha cell mass among the groups, but the insulin-treated implants had a significantly greater glucagon content. The delta cell mass of insulin-treated rapid response was less than that of the other two groups. The results are discussed in relation to previously reported morphometric analysis 15 days after transplantation. The relationships of transplanted beta cell mass, beta cell differentiation, transplant site, and cell-to-cell interactions within the transplanted islet to the control of glucose homeostasis are also discussed.
Diabetes 1979 Feb
PMID:Syngeneic transplantation of fetal rat pancreas. III. Effect of insulin treatment on the growth and differentiation of the pancreatic implants after reversal of diabetes. 36 28


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