Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 81-year-old woman was diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus (DM) at 58 years of age. She started insulin therapy the following year, but her blood sugar levels were poorly controlled. At the age of 75, she tested positive for the anti-GAD antibody (7.8 U/ml) and was diagnosed as having slowly progressive type 1 DM (SPIDDM), as well as vitiligo vulgaris. At 78 years of age, chronic thyroiditis was diagnosed after positive tests for anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody and anti-thyroglobulin antibody. At the age of 81, general fatigue and jaundice appeared concomitantly with severe anemia, with Hb levels at 5.2 g/dl. Low serum vitamin B12 levels and the finding of erythroblastic hyperplasia with megaloblasts in bone marrow led to the diagnosis of pernicious anemia. Anemia was alleviated by intramuscular injections of vitamin B12. The patient developed chronic thyroiditis, vitiligo vulgaris, and pernicious anemia concomitantly with SPIDDM, and was diagnosed as having polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type III. Attention should be paid to these potentially associated autoimmune diseases in daily practice during the follow-up of SPIDDM patients.
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PMID:Slowly progressive type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with vitiligo vulgaris, chronic thyroiditis, and pernicious anemia. 1564 55

An association between thyroid and islet autoantibodies has been reported for patients with type 1 diabetes and their first-degree relatives. However no general agreement on this association has been reached since several studies reported controversial data. In the present study, sera from 429 healthy first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients have been examined for the presence of thyroid and islet autoantibodies. Autoantibodies against glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) and tyrosine-phosphatase IA-2 (IA-2/ICA512Ab) have been detected by radioimmunoassay techniques with in vitro translated recombinant human 35S-autoantigens. The presence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TgAb) has been estimated by commercial radioimmunoassay kits. An increased frequency of TgAb was found in subjects who were positive for GAD65Ab (p=0.0257). However, no significant association between TPOAb and GAD65Ab or IA-2Ab or between TgAb and IA-2Ab could be established. These data indicate an increased rate of coincidence between TgAb and GAD65Ab in healthy first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients. Accordingly a common genetic background leading to the appearance of both TgAb and GAD65Ab may be suggested.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2005 Feb
PMID:Coincidence of high antiislet and antithyroid autoantibody titles in first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes. 1577 99

This work was intended to study if the coexistence of thyroid and Langerhans islets autoimmunity is associated with a different nature and course of diabetes in young adult diabetic patients. We followed the laboratory and clinical course of diabetes and the thyroid gland status of 47 young adults with Type I diabetes over a 9-year period starting from the onset of diabetes (ranging from 18 to 35 years of age). The patients were divided into subgroup I (with thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, n = 13), subgroup II (thyroid peroxidase antibody only, n = 10), and subgroup III (without thyroid autoimmunity, n = 24). Out of the 22 females followed, 10 (46 %) and 5 (23 %) were in subgroups with thyroid autoimmunity (TA), I and II, respectively. On the contrary, out of the 25 men followed, 17 (68 %) were in group III. Within the 9 years, insulin secretion nearly ceased (C-peptide < 0.03 nmol/L) in all of the patients of subgroup I and 70 % of subgroup II, but only in 46 % of patients in subgroup III (I : II p < 0.01, I : III, p < 0.01, II : III, p < 0.05). The cumulative incidence of antiGAD > 1 U/mL (CIS, RIA) in subgroup I was higher (92 %) than in subgroups II (80 %) and III (53 %); I : III, p < 0.05. The cumulative incidence of tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (anti-IA2, BRAHMS, RIA) was insignificantly higher in subgroups I and II when compared with subgroup III (62 %, 60 %, and 42 %). The study of organ-specific and systemic autoantibodies showed their highest cumulative incidence in subgroup I, i.e., in patients with the most expressed manifestations of TA and the lowest one in subgroup III, i.e., diabetic patients without TA. Our results suggest that overall thyroid autoimmunity in young adult patients with Type I diabetes was associated not only with female gender, but also with more pronounced Langerhans islets autoimmunity and significantly faster cessation of endogenous insulin secretion; it was associated with therapeutical doses of insulin as well.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2005 Jul
PMID:Differences in type I diabetes mellitus of young adults with and without thyroid autoimmunity. 1602 2

The occurrence of antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), antibodies to double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) and to single-stranded DNA (anti-ssDNA) was investigated in 51 patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), and in 25 matched control subjects. In comparison with controls, the prevalence of anti-dsDNA was 74.5% in AITD patients (p=0.0001), 82.0% in 39 hyperthyroid Graves' disease (GD) (p=0.0001), and 50.0% in 12 euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients (p=0.0001). The prevalence of anti-ssDNA was 90.1% in AITD (94.8% in GD and 75% in HT; p=0.001). The concentration of both anti-dsDNA and anti-ssDNA were higher (p=0.002) in AITD, in GD (p=0.001), and in HT (p=0.01) patients than in controls. Two patients with AITD were identified as positive for ANA. RF was detected in 4 AITD patients. Positive correlation was noted between anti-dsDNA with T4 (p=0.001), T3 (p=0.002), thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) (p=0.0001), and TSH (p=0.001) values but not with thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg). Serum anti-ssDNA values were also correlated with T3 (p=0.0001), TSH (p=0.003), and anti-TPO (p=0.0001). However, by using a multiple regression analysis only anti-TPO remained associated with anti-dsDNA and both anti-Tg and anti-TPO with anti-ssDNA values. The predisposition to develop systemic autoimmune disorders is not influenced by thyroid hormones. The elevated prevalence of serum anti-dsDNA and anti-ssDNA in AITD patients points out that we must be aware of the risk for predisposition for the development of other systemic autoimmune diseases.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2006 Jan
PMID:Association of circulating antibodies against double-stranded and single-stranded DNA with thyroid autoantibodies in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients. 1645 Mar 15

In this study, we assessed the incidence of Graves' disease (GD) following radioiodine therapy (RIT) in a large cohort of well characterized patients with autonomy in comparison to the clinical course of control patients with thyroidal autonomy not definitively treated with (131)I or surgery. 622 consecutive patients were treated with (131)I for autonomy (unifocal: n = 321; multifocal: n = 199; disseminated: n = 102) and followed up for at least 6 months post RIT. 108 consecutive patients with autonomy not definitively treated (unifocal: n = 49; multifocal: n = 42; disseminated: n = 11) followed up for at least 6 months served as controls. Initial evaluation and follow-up included determination of FT3, FT4, TSH, autoantibodies against the thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and TSH-receptor antibodies (TRAb) by highly sensitive radio receptor-assay, quantitative thyroid scintigraphy and sonography. After 6 months, GD was newly diagnosed in 1/321 patients with unifocal autonomy, in 1/199 patients with multifocal autonomy and in 0/108 control patients. In patients with disseminated autonomy (group C), GD was diagnosed significantly more often compared to the other groups (5/102 patients; 4,1 %; p < 0.05). In conclusion, RIT may induce Graves' disease in a few cases with toxic multinodular goiter. The incidence in this population is small. Compared with patients suffering from uni- or multifocal autonomy, subjects with disseminated autonomy have a more than tenfold higher risk for the development of GD.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2006 May
PMID:Incidence of radioiodine induced Graves' disease in patients with multinodular toxic goiter. 1680 97

Classical interferon-alpha has been shown to be correlated with the development of a variety of autoimmune disorders. A 38 year-old female patient developed simultaneously diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperthyroidism 5 mo following initiation of treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C. High titers of glutamic acid decarboxylase, antinuclear and thyroid (thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin) antibodies were detected. Antiviral treatment was withdrawn and the patient was treated with insulin for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and propranolol for hyperthyroidism. Twelve months after cessation of pegylated interferon-alpha therapy the patient was euthyroid without any medication but remained insulin-dependent.
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PMID:Simultaneous development of diabetic ketoacidosis and Hashitoxicosis in a patient treated with pegylated interferon-alpha for chronic hepatitis C. 1745 Dec 19

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is frequently associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD).Genetic susceptibility for autoantibody formation in association with ATD and type 1 diabetes mellitus has been described with varying frequencies, but there is still debate about its prevailing situation in Iran. We have therefore investigated the prevalence of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti thyroglubolin (Anti TG) antibodies in type 1 diabetic patients, and compared the effect of age and sex on the thyroid autoimmunity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Iran.Ninety one subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus and one hundred and sixty three unrelated normal controls under the age of thirty years were recruited for the detection of anti-TPO and anti-TG. Radio Immuno Assay and chemiluminescence methods were used for anti-TPO and anti-TG detection respectively.Among 91 type 1 diabetic patients, 36 (39.6%) were positive for anti-TPO and 27(30%) were positive for antiTG. Anti-TPO antibodies were detected only in 6.7% of control group. Comparing with those without thyroid autoimmunity, there was a female preponderance for the type 1 diabetic patients with thyroid autoimmunity (female: male, 28:14 vs. 28:20 respectively). Among the type 1 diabetic patients those with thyroid autoimmunity, tended to be older (p: 0.04) and to have higher TSH concentration (p: 0.03). Patients with high anti-TPO levels had longer duration of diabetes (P: 0.02).The presence of anti-TPO in 39.6% of our type 1 diabetic patients comparing with 8.5% of normal subjects confirmed the strong association of ATD and type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Thyroid function and anti-thyroid antibodies in Iranian patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: influences of age and sex. 1832 10

Because inflammatory markers have been associated with incident diabetes mellitus, we aimed to evaluate if thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) in early pregnancy are predictive of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Six hundred nineteen pregnant women without former diabetes mellitus were evaluated for TPOAb positivity after booking. A universal GDM screening protocol and the Third Workshop-Conference criteria were used for GDM detection. In addition to bivariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression models were constructed with GDM as the dependent variable and TPOAb positivity as one of the potential predictive ones. The rate of TPOAb positivity was 10%; and that of GDM, 6.9% (6.8% in women without and 8.1% in women with TPOAb positivity, not significant). Thyroid peroxidase antibodies did not enter the multivariate logistic regression model to predict GDM that identified the following independent predictive variables: maternal age (odds ratio [OR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57-4.0 for the second tertile; OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.16-6.96 for the third tertile), prior GDM (OR 9.38, 95% CI 3.34-26.39), and diabetes mellitus in first-degree relatives (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.65-6.27). In conclusion, we have not identified TPOAb positivity in early pregnancy as a predictor of GDM.
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PMID:Is thyroid autoimmunity associated with gestational diabetes mellitus? 1832 55

Determination of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase was recently proposed to single out subgroups among patients with DM1 for following clinical and genetic studies. 73 men and 64 women who are being treated with insulin and included in territorial register of patients with DM of Mariupol city, Donetsk region, Ukraine. Average age of patients at the stage of investigation was 35.17+/-1.16, the duration of the disease was 11.85+/-0.74, BMI-23.13+/-0.32 kg/m2, HBA1c9.23+/-0.25, C-peptide 0.48+/-0.09 nmol/l, glutaminic acid decarboxylase antibodies-GADAs-0.63+/-0.04 units/ml and did not depend on gender. Patients aged less then 30 years had their level of GADAbs and TPOAbs changed linearly correlated with the duration of diabetes mellitus. Obtained data can be used to assess subgroups among patients with DM1.
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PMID:[Levels of some auto-antibodies and C-peptide in insulin-treated patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) depending on gender of the patients and disease duration]. 1841 65

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells and is characterised by the presence of insulitis and &and beta-cell autoantibodies. Up to one third of patients develop an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. Fifteen to 30% of T1DM subjects have autoimmune thyroid disease (Hashimoto's or Graves' disease), 5 to 10% are diagnosed with autoimmune gastritis and/or pernicious anaemia (AIG /PA), 4 to 9% present with coeliac disease (CD), 0.5% have Addison's disease (AD), and 2 to 10% show vitiligo. These diseases are characterised by the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (for Hashimoto's thyroiditis), TSH receptor (for Graves' disease), parietal cell or intrinsic factor (for AIG /PA), tissue transglutaminase (for CD), and 21-hydroxylase (for AD). Early detection of antibodies and latent organ-specific dysfunction is advocated to alert physicians to take appropriate action in order to prevent full-blown disease. Hashimoto's hypothyroidism may cause weight gain, hyperlipidaemia, goitre, and may affect diabetes control, menses, and pregnancy outcome. In contrast, Graves' hyperthyroidism may induce weight loss, atrial fibrillation, heat intolerance, and ophthalmopathy. Autoimmune gastritis may manifest via iron deficiency or vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia with fatigue and painful neuropathy. Clinical features of coeliac disease include abdominal discomfort, growth abnormalities, infertility, low bone mineralisation, and iron deficiency anaemia. Adrenal insufficiency may cause vomiting, anorexia, hypoglycaemia, malaise, fatigue, muscular weakness, hyperkalaemia, hypotension, and generalised hyperpigmentation. Here we will review prevalence, pathogenetic factors, clinical features, and suggestions for screening, follow-up and treatment of patients with T1DM and/or autoimmune polyglandular syndrome.
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PMID:Type 1 diabetes and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome: a clinical review. 2000 14


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