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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

17 obese women were examined, 8 of which were diabetic and 9 affected only by essential obesity. These patients, all of whom had become obese during adult life and 8 control subjects were tested for IRI, GH and PRL levels in basal conditions and after infusion of TRH. In the obese and diabetic women fasting GH values were normal while IRI levels were higher than those of the control subjects. In all cases neither IRI nor GH variations during TRH stimulation test. There was no difference in the plasma levels of PRL between the 3 groups when examined in basal conditions. After TRH the hormone increased considerably in all the subjects. In the obese and diabetic obese women the incremental area did not present different values from those observed in the control subjects. In conclusion in insulin-independent diabetes, as in essential obesity, the pharmacological stimulus did not show any evident alteration of the specific hypofisary receptorial system that regulates the secretion of PRL and GH.
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PMID:[Prolactin response to TRH in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. 677 39

The hormonal response to LHRH and TRH was evaluated in three groups of male diaetics. Five patients were receiving therapy with the hypoglycemic agent glibenclamide, five were on NPH insulin and five were on dietary therapy alone. When compared to controls, the latter two groups had intact gonadotropin responses to LHRH. Despite normal basal gonadotropin levels, however, the group receiving glibenclamide therapy showed significantly exaggerated LH and FSH responses to LHRH. Both basal PRL and TSH levels, as well as the responses to TRH were normal in all three groups. These results indicate that LH, FSH, TSH and PRL secretion is intact in uncomplicated diabetes mellitus. The exaggerated LH and FSH responses to LHRH in the glibenclamide treated subjects are probably related to primary gonadal involvement; alternatively, there may be augmented pituitary gonadotropin secretion in this group.
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PMID:The hypothalamic-pituitary axis in diabetes mellitus. 678 Apr 40

To study the influence of different blood glucose (BG) concentrations on the release of pituitary hormones, the effect of the simultaneous iv administration of LRH (200 micrograms), TRH (400 micrograms), and arginine (30 g/30 min) upon the serum concentrations of LH, FSH, TSH, PRL, and GH was determined in six male insulin-dependent diabetics. BG concentration was clamped by feedback control and an automated glucose-controlled insulin infusion system at euglycemic (BG 4-5 mmol/liter) or hyperglycemic (BG, 14-18 mmol/liter) levels. Increments in serum concentrations of LH, FSH, TSH, and PRL were similar in the euglycemic and hyperglycemic steady states, whereas the GH response to arginine was suppressed during the hyperglycemic clamp (P less than 0.01). Omission of exogenous insulin during hyperglycemia did not modify the observed hormonal responses. Thus, the release of LH, FSH, TSH, and PRL in response to adequate acute stimuli at the pituitary level is not modulated by hyperglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetes, while arginine-induced GH release is suppressed. Since the effect of arginine on GH is most likely mediated by an action on the hypothalamus, the data suggest that elevated glucose concentrations may exert their modulatory influence on GH secretion at the hypothalamic rather than at the pituitary level.
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PMID:The impact of euglycemia and hyperglycemia on stimulated pituitary hormone release in insulin-dependent diabetics. 678 97

Thirty-six male patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis were subjected to measurements of basal plasma values of testosterone, LH and FSH and to an LRH test. Nineteen were also subjected to basal plasma determinations of T3, T4, cortisol, TSH and prolactin and to a TRH test. In 11 cases GH values were measured before, during and after an arginine infusion. Seventeen patients were found to hae low levels of testosterone, LH and FSH, and no gonadotrophin responses to LRH. Seventeen others had normal levels of these three hormones, with normal responses to LRH. The two remaining patients had normal testosterone values but very increased gonadotrophin values: a fact which remains unexplained. Basal levels of prolactin, GH, T3, T4, and TSH were normal: cortisol levels were either normal or increased in cases of poorly controlled diabetes. Prolactin responses to TRH were always normal. TSH responses to TRH were impaired in 2 cases, and GH responses to arginine in 3 cases. Considering that other factors may be involved in the few impairments found in TSH and GH stimulations, it is concluded that the only indisputable pituitary insufficiency in about half of the cases of idiopathic haemochromatosis is gonadotrophic.
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PMID:Pituitary function in idiopathic haemochromatosis: hormonal study in 36 male patients. 679 82

To evaluate GH pituitary responsivity to nonphysiological stimuli in insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes, a TRH test (200-micrograms iv bolus) was carried out in 31 type I diabetics (16 females and 15 males). TRH was capable of inducing GH responses in most of the studied patients, with a striking difference between the sexes; responses were documented in 7 of 15 males and in 13 of 16 females. Linear regression analyses of the results showed a positive correlation between basal values and peak levels of GH and a negative correlation between GH peaks and the ages of the patients. No correlation was found between GH values (basal and peak levels) and blood glucose levels or duration of disease. In conclusion, our results support the observation that GH secretion in diabetes is abnormal. TRH induces GH secretory responses, especially when GH basal values are elevated and in female patients. Pituitary GH responsiveness to TRH shows a progressive decline with advancing age unrelated to the duration of the disease or the presence of retinopathy.
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PMID:Nonspecific growth hormone responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in insulin-dependent diabetes: sex- and age-related pituitary responsiveness. 680 82

Twelve men, aged 17 to 43 years, with insulin-depending diabetes mellitus were examined during the decompensation stage. The patients were divided into 2 groups, depending on the disease duration. The stage of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal system was evaluated according to the blood plasma STH, TTH and prolactin levels and after intravenous injection of the Soviet thyroliberin (TRH). A significant increase in the basal prolactin level is seen in the group of patients with prolonged insulin-depending diabetes during the decompensation stage. The blood plasma STH content rises in this group of patients after intravenous STH injection. The data obtained testify that the changes in somatotropic and prolactotropic hypophyseal functions occur in the patients with prolonged insulin-depending diabetes mellitus within the decompensation stage.
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PMID:[Effect of thyroliberin on the prolactin and thyrotropic and somatotropic hormone content of the blood plasma in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. 681 36

Pituitary-gonadal function was studied in 50 male diabetic patients under 53 years of age. Forty-three had normal sexual activity and 7 were impotent. Plasma testosterone levels and urinary 17 ketosteroids, androsterone and dehydroepiandosterone levels were measured. LH and FSH levels before and after LHRH, and prolactin levels before and after TRH were also measured in plasma. No significant changes in pituitary-gonadal function were detected, irrespective of the patient's sexual activity. Neither the type and degree of control of diabetes nor the presence of absence of microangiopathy had any influence on the results. Basal LH and FSH levels were slightly higher in older patients. Prolactin levels after TRH were significantly higher in the later stages of the test in patients with microangiopathy.
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PMID:[Pituitary-gonadal function in male diabetic patients (author's transl)]. 707 53

The empty sella results from an extension of the subarachnoid space into an intrasellar position with subsequent remodeling of the sella turcica and the flattening of the pituitary gland. The sella turcica is usually enlarged causing the greatest diagnostic difficulty to distinguish it from a pituitary tumor. The most patients with this syndrome usually have normal pituitary function, while about 30% have varying degrees of hypopituitarism. The Authors describe a case report of a man with primary empty sella syndrome come to the medical observation for obesity and hyperglyccemia. The endocrine evaluation performed (TRH test, GN-RH test, T3, T4, FT3, FT4, Arginine test, metyrapone test) were normal. OGTT shows a maturity onset diabetes (glycemia = 160 mg%). This rare clinical association is not well understood. Probably this diabetes is to the interruption of the normal hypothalamo-pituitary neurovascular connection.
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PMID:[The primary empty sella syndrome. A case report study (author's transl)]. 747 Jan 79

To assess the effect of glucose, foetal calf serum (FCS) and iron-saturated transferrin (Fe-TRF) on DNA synthesis of fibroblast-free neonatal rat islets cultured in Ham's F-12 medium, we measured [3H]thymidine uptake in cultures and used immunohistochemistry to quantitate nuclear 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine staining. Addition of glucose to a concentration of 26.1 mmol/l resulted in a significant increase from baseline in DNA synthesis in islet cells as measured by both methods (22,591 counts/min per microgram DNA +/- 3628 S.E.M., vs. 9631 counts/min per microgram DNA +/- 1912 S.E.M., P < 0.002 and 19.19% positive beta-cells +/- 2.72 S.E.M., vs. 11.98 positive beta-cells +/- 0.26 S.E.M., P = 0.05). At a glucose concentration of 16.1 mmol/l we could demonstrate an increase compared with baseline only in [3H]thymidine uptake (15,700 counts/min per microgram DNA +/- 3323 S.E.M., P < 0.05). Supplementation with 10% or 15% FCS also increased [3H]thymidine uptake compared with baseline (to 15,809 counts/min per micrograms DNA +/- 136 +/- S.E.M., P < 0.05 and 23,746 counts/min per microgram DNA +/- 3114 S.E.M., P < 0.01, respectively) but did not significantly effect the BrDU labelling index. Addition of Fe-TRF to islet cultures significantly increased [3H]thymidine uptake at a concentration of 45 micrograms/ml compared with baseline (23,149 counts/min per microgram DNA +/- 6387 S.E.M., P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995 Feb
PMID:DNA synthesis in cultured neonatal rat islets--a comparison of two methods. 760 49

In order to clarify the mechanism of impaired thyroid hormone levels in patients with diabetes mellitus, thyroid hormone, thyroid hormone binding inhibitor (THBI), inhibitor of extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 (IEC) and free fatty acid (FFA) were examined. In addition, TRH test was performed on 9 diabetic patients showing poor control of plasma glucose before and after glycemic control. Before glycemic control, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c were significantly higher than after glycemic control (P < 0.05). T3 and the T3/T4 ratio significantly increased and rT3 significantly decreased after glycemic control (P < 0.05). THBI index and plasma FFA level significantly decreased and %T3 production (IEC) significantly increased after glycemic control (P < 0.05). The response of TSH to TRH significantly increased after glycemic control. In conclusion, (1) the presence of THBI, (2) the presence of IEC, and (3) dysfunction of the hypothalamo-hypophysial-thyroid axis are considered to be involved in abnormal thyroid function in diabetic patients.
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PMID:[The mechanism of thyroid hormone abnormalities in patients with diabetes mellitus]. 795 96


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