Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Baboon and human articular and growth cartilage was extracted with 4M guanidinium chloride in the presence of proteolysis inhibitors. After dialysis against 8M urea pH 6.8 the proteins were separated from proteoglycans by ion-exchange chromatography. The concentrated and reduced protein fractions was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Bands corresponding to collagen and to 6 major non-collegenous proteins were found. Two of the latter were identified with the link-proteins. By using small columns and microconcentration procedures, a gel-electrophoretic analysis of link-proteins extracted from small pieces of cartilage was performed and ten cases of osteochondrodysplasias were studied. No abnormalities were detected in the following syndromes: achondroplasia, diastrophic dwarfism, thanatophoric dwarfism, Jeune disease, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita, Kozlowski syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, polyepiphyseal dysplasia with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Link-proteins and non-collagenous proteins from normal and chondrodysplastic cartilages. 11 15

Glomeruli from streptozotocin-diabetic and age-matched nondiabetic rats were quantitatively isolated by a differential sieving technique. The insoluble glomerular basement membranes were purified following sonic disruption in the presence of proteolytic inhibitors. The yield of glomeruli and of glomerular basement membrane relative to the amount of renal cortex and the body weight of the animals, as well as the calculated amount of basement membrane per glomerulus, were all significantly greater in diabetic rats when compared to non-diabetic controls. Glomerular basement membranes from normal and diabetic rats were solubilized by reduction and denaturation in the presence of SDS and subjected to agarose gel analysis. About 65% of both normal and diabetic basement membrane was solubilized by this procedure, and the elution profiles of non-diabetic and diabetic preparations were similar. These results suggest that rat renal basement membrane is qualitatively similar but quantitatively increased in streptozotocin-diabetes. Since glomerular enlargement and accumulation of basement membrane are characteristic of human diabetic nephropathy, the findings also suggest that the streptozotocin-diabetic rat is an appropriate animal model for studies relating to the pathogenesis of this complication of diabetes.
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PMID:Glomerulopathy in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. Accumulation of glomerular basement membrane analogous to human diabetic nephropathy. 15 28

The secretory pattern of insulin and the rate of conversion of proinsulin to insulin were studied in isolated pancreatic islets from normoglycemic (buffer-infused for 24 hours) and hyperglycemic (glucose-infused for 24 hours) rats. The profiles of insulin secretion obtained during one hour of perifusion were markedly different in the two groups. The rate of insulin secretion by islets from the hyperglycemic rats was initially very high but progressively declined during the late period of the perifusion. The reverse pattern was found with the islets from buffer-infused rats. For the estimation of the rate of proinsulin conversion, islets were pulse-labeled with L-[4,5-3H]-leucine for 15 minutes and "chase"-incubated for 30 and 60 minutes. Labeled rat proinsulin and rat insulins in the medium and in the islet extracts were separated by a validated SDS-urea electrophoretic acrylamide procedure following immunoprecipitation. The conversion rate was estimated from the radioactivity in the insulin band, expressed as a per cent of the radioactivity in the proinsulin + insulin bands. Islets from hyperglycemic rats converted newly synthesized proinsulin to insulin at significantly higher rates than did control islets.
Diabetes 1977 Jul
PMID:Secretion of insulin in a perifusion system and conversion of proinsulin to insulin by pancreatic islets from hyperglycemic rats. 32 5

As aminoguanidine (AG) is known to prevent non-enzymatic glycosylation in various tissues, we have histologically and biochemically evaluated AG effects on the skin in control, SZ-diabetic and AG-treated (25 mg/kgbw/day, 10w) diabetic rats. HbA1c and plasma glucose levels in diabetic and AG-treated diabetic rats were maintained about two times higher than those in control rats during the 10 weeks of the experiment. Histological findings revealed that the dermis in diabetic rats was thin and edematous, associated with swelling and degeneration of collagen fibers. Necrobiotic changes were seen in the lower dermis. These changes were greatly improved in AG-treated diabetic rats. Skin glucose contents in diabetic and AG-treated diabetic rats were about 10 times higher than those in the controls, whereas there was no difference in the sorbitol contents between three groups. Dry weight of the skin and collagen content was well correlated (r = 0.9044) and collagen represented 78.0 +/- 2.3% of the dry weight. By SDS-PAGE analysis of cyanogen bromide digests it was shown that high molecular weight peptides were increased in diabetic rats, but were decreased in AG-treated diabetic rats. The mean of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents of diabetic skin was 54% of that in the controls (1.58 +/- 0.09 vs. 2.94 +/- 0.39 micrograms/mg dry weight, P < 0.0025), which increased significantly in AG-treated diabetic rats (1.75 +/- 0.07 microgram/mg dry weight, P < 0.01 vs. diabetic).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Res 1992
PMID:Amelioration of dermal lesions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by aminoguanidine. 134 7

The insulinlike growth factors (IGFs) circulate in association with insulinlike growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) that modulate IGF action, but mechanisms of IGFBP regulation are poorly understood. We investigated the regulation of IGFBPs in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, measuring the appearance of export proteins by ligand blotting after separation via SDS/PAGE, and evaluating mRNA with cDNA probes. Northern blotting studies revealed that IGFBP-1 was expressed at high levels in cultured hepatocytes, in which sustained release of both insulinlike growth factor I and albumin marks preservation of differentiated status. In contrast, transcripts of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-2 were not detected. Release of IGFBP-1 was unaffected by exposure to glucose (20-500 mg/dl) or to provision of amino acids (0.25-6.25 times normal rat arterial plasma levels). Hormonal studies revealed little effect of glucagon, inhibition by insulin, stimulation by dexamethasone, and blunting of dexamethasone effects by added insulin. Adding dexamethasone provided progressive stimulation: 5-, 11-, and 26-fold at 10(-9), 10(-8), and 10(-7) M, all P less than 0.01; increases in IGFBP-1 protein (ligand blot) and IGFBP-1 mRNA (Northern blot) were highly correlated (r = 0.62, P less than 0.001). In contrast, adding insulin resulted in progressive suppression of both IGFBP-1 protein and IGFBP-1 mRNA, 43% at 10(-10) M, 74% at 10(-9) M, and 83% (maximal) at 10(-8) M; ED50 of approximately 10(-10) M is within the physiological range of insulin concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1992 Jul
PMID:Nutrition and somatomedin XXIX. Molecular regulation of IGFBP-1 in hepatocyte primary culture. 137 36

Lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary glands in autoimmune diseases results in the human condition known as xerostomia. To date, an animal model for the autoimmune development of salivary gland dysfunction has yet to be described. With the autoimmune diabetes-prone nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse strain, salivary flow rates and total saliva protein concentration in both male and female mice showed a progressive decline in the nondiabetic and diabetic states. Submandibular gland weight decreased from control mice with the progression to onset of diabetes in both sexes, whereas the weight of the parotid gland remained unchanged. The level of saliva amylase activity, when measured relative to unit volume, decreased in nondiabetic males but increased upon onset of diabetes to control values. When expressed relative to protein concentration in saliva, amylase activity was depressed for both sets of NOD mice but was higher upon diabetes onset than in the nondiabetic animals. In females a similar pattern was observed except that amylase activity expressed relative to unit volume was not significantly depressed in either set of NOD mice. The same observations were made for glandular amylase activity. The level of epidermal growth factor (a product of the ductal cells of the submandibular gland) was reduced over 500- and 18-fold for male and female diabetic mice, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels of total saliva showed changes in mobility as well as concentration of several proteins in the NOD mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Functional changes in salivary glands of autoimmune disease-prone NOD mice. 141 79

A quantitative analysis of the molecular weight (MW) profile of urinary protein by SDS-PAGE was performed in streptozotocin (STZ)-injected, non-ketotic diabetic rats (DM group), diabetic rats receiving dipyridamole (DM-DIP group), normal rats (C group) and STZ-injected rats with near-normal glycemia due to insulin treatment (DM-INSULIN group). In the DM group, decrease of a small MW protein (SMWP) (MW 19.5 k) was found at 2.5 weeks, and an increase of larger MW proteins (LMWP) (MW 68 [albumin], 55 and 29 k) together with a decrease of SMWPs (MW 19.5 and 15 k) was found at 15 weeks, as compared to the C group: the MW profile of urinary protein in the DM-INSULIN and C groups was indistinguishable. At 15 weeks, creatinine clearance (Ccr) was significantly depressed and an increase in the mesangial matrix with electron dense deposits was evident in the DM group. The urinary protein abnormalities were partially corrected and the reduction of Ccr was absent in the DM-DIP group with no effect on glomerular morphology. STZ-induced diabetes in rats is accompanied by a reduction of urinary SMWP, and a subsequent increase of LMWP and depression of Ccr: dipyridamole ameliorates urinary protein abnormalities and prevents the reduction of Ccr.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1992 Oct
PMID:Abnormal molecular weight profile of urinary protein in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. 144 72

Nonenzymatic glycation has been found to increase in a variety of proteins in diabetic patients. The present study examined a possibility of preventing glycation and subsequent structural modifications of proteins by alpha-lipoic acid (thioctic acid) as lipoate, a substance which has gained attention as a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes-induced complications. Incubation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 2 mg/ml with glucose (500 mM) in a sterile condition at 37 degrees C for seven days caused glycation and structural modifications of BSA observed by SDS-PAGE, near UV absorption, tryptophan and nontryptophan fluorescence, and fluorescence of an extrinsic probe, TNS (6-(p-toluidinyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate). When BSA and glucose were incubated in the presence of lipoate (20 mM), glycation and structural modifications of BSA were significantly prevented. Glycation and inactivation of lysozyme were also prevented by lipoate. These results suggest a potential for the therapeutic use of lipoic acid against diabetes-induced complications.
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PMID:Lipoate prevents glucose-induced protein modifications. 145 92

The effect of chemically-induced diabetes on the handling of phosphate (Pi) by rat jejunal enterocytes has been investigated in the presence of a Na- or a choline-gradient. Pi uptake was significantly increased in both gradients. The Pi efflux rate constants for enterocytes from diabetic rats were similar to those of control rats. The effect of diabetes on both the protein and alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes of the rat small intestinal brush-border membranes was examined using SDS-PAGE. The patterns given by membranes from rats 14 days after the induction of diabetes were no different from those of controls.
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PMID:Effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the handling of phosphate by the rat small intestine. 147 66

Optimal regimen for insulin therapy should lead to normal longitudinal growth and weight gain in children with diabetes mellitus. However, reports published so far indicate that this goal of paediatric diabetology is currently not achieved in a considerable number of patients. In a cross-sectional sample of 89 children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) for more than 3 years, we found the relation of height to weight to be significantly different compared to 102 healthy school children of similar age. Using bivariate analysis, body shape in these children with diabetes was shifted towards small and obese (P less than 0.05) compared to control children. We subsequently initiated a longitudinal study and followed children from the onset of diabetes for the following 3 years, recording height, weight and bone age as well as glycosylated haemoglobin and daily insulin requirement. At diagnosis, height SDS was identical in children with IDDM (+0.04 +/- 0.10) compared to control children (-0.07 +/- 0.10; M +/- SE), while weight SDS was -0.26 +/- 0.10 in children with diabetes (controls: + 0.01 +/- 0.01). Bone age was identically retarded in newly diagnosed IDDM children (-0.73 +/- 0.12 SDS) and in our control group of children from the same regional background (-0.50 +/- 0.12; n.s.). In this group of children with diabetes mellitus followed prospectively, height to weight relationship differed from controls after 2 and after 3 years of the disease (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Development of height and weight in children with diabetes mellitus: report on two prospective multicentre studies, one cross-sectional, one longitudinal. 149 76


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