Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to test the effect of lipoic acid treatment on the retina after a short diabetic insult. Diabetes was induced by alloxan and mice were divided into sub-groups; control, diabetic, diabetic+insulin and all groups received+/-lipoic acid (100 mg/kg body weight) for 3 weeks. GSH content, MDA concentration, GPx activity were measured and electroretinograms (ERG) were recorded. Early administration of lipoic acid to diabetic mice prevented the statistically significant decreases of GSH content and GPx activity and normalized MDA concentration. Moreover, lipoic acid restored electroretinogram b-wave amplitude of diabetic animals to control values. Lipoic acid has a protective effect on the diabetic retina.
 ...
PMID:Early lipoic acid intake protects retina of diabetic mice. 1860 16

Peroral administration of taurine and thioctacide in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes (i) decreased the levels of glucose, fructosamine and MDA, (ii) increased the levels of glycogen, insulin, and C-peptide in the liver, and (iii) increased the levels of enzymes of the antioxidant system of catalase and paraoxonase as compared to the control group of animals. These effects show that taurine and thioctacide possess hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of taurine and thioctacide on carbohydrate metabolism and the antioxydant system in rats with experimental diabetes]. 1865 54

Diabetic nephropathy is the most serious complication in diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway play critical roles in the development of diabetic nephropathy. We evaluated the effects of apocynin, NADPH oxidase inhibitor on diabetic nephropathy in a type 2 diabetic rat model. Sixteen Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and 9 Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) were divided into the following three groups: LETO rats (n=9), control OLETF rats (n=7) and apocynin-treated OLETF rats (n=9). We examined body weights, plasma glucose levels, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) and protein-creatinine ratio (PCR). At 50 weeks, experimental rats were sacrificed and their kidneys were extracted for hematoxylin eosin stain, immunohistochemical VEGF stain and VEGF mRNA real-time RT-PCR. To examine oxidative stress, we checked 24h urinary 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) and MDA (malondialdehyde). Urinary protein and albumin excretions were reduced after apocynin treatment, though apocynin could not significantly decrease serum glucose levels. There were improvements of glomerular and mesangial expansion in the apocynin-treated OLETF rats. Apocynin significantly decreased optical density of glomerular VEGF expression in immunohistochemical stain and reduced the concentration of 24h urinary 8-OHdG and MDA. From these results, it was suggested that apocynin may have the potential to protect against diabetic nephropathy via amelioration of oxidative stress.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009 Feb
PMID:Effects of NADPH oxidase inhibitor on diabetic nephropathy in OLETF rats: the role of reducing oxidative stress in its protective property. 1911 63

The present study investigated whether combination of resveratrol and 4-amino 1,8 naphthalimide (4-ANI) is effective in the development of diabetic neuropathy (DN). After 6 weeks of diabetes induction, rats were treated for 2 weeks with resveratrol and 4-amino 1,8 naphthalimide (4-ANI) either alone or in combination. Experimental end points included functional, behavioural and biochemical parameters along with PAR immunohistochemistry and were performed at the end of treatment. Combination of resveratrol (10 mg/kg) and 4-ANI (3 mg/kg) attenuated conduction and nerve blood flow deficits and resulted in amelioration of diabetic neuropathic pain. Significant reversal of biochemical alterations (peroxynitrite, MDA and NAD levels) were also observed, as well as PAR accumulation in the sciatic nerve. This study suggests the beneficial effect of combining resveratrol and 4-ANI in experimental diabetic neuropathy.
 ...
PMID:Neuroprotective potential of combination of resveratrol and 4-amino 1,8 naphthalimide in experimental diabetic neuropathy: focus on functional, sensorimotor and biochemical changes. 1929 93

The association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and future cardiovascular risk has been of particular interest during recent years. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is another marker linking the immune system with the atherogenic process. The aim of this study was to examine whether ox-LDL and CRP were associated with endothelial function in peripheral resistance arteries. Twenty-five men with a previous hospital-diagnosed myocardial infarction were enrolled in the study. The exclusion criterion was a history of diabetes mellitus. IgG and IgM autoantibodies to malonyldialdehyde low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) and high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) were measured. Flow-mediated dilatation was measured in isolated resistance arteries from subcutaneous fat biopsies. Endothelial function test reflecting the maximum vessel dilatation in male subjects was inversely related to MDA-LDL IgG autoantibody levels (r = -0.6 and P = 0.003). Comparison of hs-CRP levels and of maximum vessel dilatation in males revealed also an inverse relation (r= -0.4 and P = 0.04). In conclusion, a clear correlation exists between flow-mediated dilatation in subcutaneous resistance arteries and plasma levels of MDA-LDL IgG autoantibody and CRP in male patients with coronary heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Circulating levels of autoantibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein and C-reactive protein levels correlate with endothelial function in resistance arteries in men with coronary heart disease. 1933 91

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme that is believed to be involved in the protection against oxidative stress. There is evidence that paraoxonase activity is reduced in patients with diabetes and cataract. In the current study, we analyzed mRNA expression of PON1 as well as other members of the paraoxonase family, PON2 and PON3, in human cataractous lens samples. Our results indicate that only PON1 is expressed at the gene and protein levels in human lens tissues. We quantified MDA levels and measured PON1 (paraoxonase/arylesterase) enzymatic activities in subjects suffering from cataract due to aging and diabetes. Decreased PON1 activity was more pronounced in diabetic patients (p< 0.001) compared to senile subjects, which may be due to glycation and increased oxidative insult. To examine the structural alterations that occur in response to glycation, we constructed a three-dimensional model of PON1 and its glycated variant. Glycation at Lys70 and Lys75 is predicted to cause hindrance in binding of substrate to the active site of the enzyme.
 ...
PMID:Expression and activity of paraoxonase 1 in human cataractous lens tissue. 1943 27

Triple negative (TN) breast cancer is more frequent in women who are obese or have type II diabetes, as well as young women of color. These cancers do not express receptors for the steroid hormones estrogen or progesterone, or the type II receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Her-2 but do have upregulation of basal cytokeratins and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). These data suggest that aberrations of glucose and fatty acid metabolism, signaling through EGFR and genetic factors may promote the development of TN cancers. The anti-type II diabetes drug metformin has been associated with a decreased incidence of breast cancer, although the specific molecular subtypes that may be reduced by metformin have not been reported. Our data indicates that metformin has unique anti-TN breast cancer effects both in vitro and in vivo. It inhibits cell proliferation (with partial S phase arrest), colony formation and induces apoptosis via activation of the intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways only in TN breast cancer cell lines. At the molecular level, metformin increases P-AMPK, reduces P-EGFR, EGFR, P-MAPK, P-Src, cyclin D1 and cyclin E (but not cyclin A or B, p27 or p21), and induces PARP cleavage in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These data are in stark contrast to our previously published biological and molecular effects of metformin on luminal A and B, or Her-2 type breast cancer cells. Nude mice bearing tumor xenografts of the TN line MDA-MB-231, treated with metformin, show significant reductions in tumor growth (p = 0.0066) and cell proliferation (p = 0.0021) as compared to untreated controls. Metformin pre-treatment, before injection of MDA-MB-231 cells, results in a significant decrease in tumor outgrowth and incidence. Given the unique anti-cancer activity of metformin against TN disease, both in vitro and in vivo, it should be explored as a therapeutic agent against this aggressive form of breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:Metformin induces unique biological and molecular responses in triple negative breast cancer cells. 1971 81

Prediabetic states are common among renal transplant patients, portending increased cardiovascular risk with associated carotid atheromatosis. Oxidative stress (OS) induces lipid peroxidation, a key factor in the development of atheromatosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of OS and impaired glucose homeostasis status on carotid atheromatosis in nondiabetic recipients. Thirty-seven nondiabetic renal transplant patients were studied at baseline (<3 months) and at 1 and 2 years posttransplantation by ultrasound measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), standard oral glucose tolerance test, and determination of blood markers of lipid peroxidation (8-isoprostanes [8-ISOP] and malondialdehyde [MDA]). Prediabetic state (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and provisional diagnosis of diabetes [provDM] and new-onset diabetes after transplantation [NODAT]) was classified following American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Total CIMT index (TCIMT) was calculated as the sum of right and left CIMT and DeltaTCIMT as the difference in TCIMT values at 2 years (end of study) minus baseline. At baseline and 1 year, TCIMT was significantly related to 8-ISOP (r = .611; P = .002) and to recipient age (r = .654; P = .000). At 2 years, DeltaTCIMT was significantly correlated with MDA (r = .635; P = .001) with significant differences in TCIMT observed between prediabetic states and diabetes (P = .001). Multiple regression analysis identified 8-ISOP and age as factors independently associated with TCIMT and MDA with DeltaTCIMT. These results suggested that lipid peroxidation in renal transplant recipients contributed to increases in CIMT, which was more pronounced among older and diabetic (provDM or NODAT) patients.
 ...
PMID:Prediabetic States, subclinical atheromatosis, and oxidative stress in renal transplant patients. 1971 58

TGP, extracted from the traditional Chinese herb root of Paeonia lactiflora pall, has been shown to have therapeutic effect in experimental diabetic nephropathy. However, its mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, the effects of TGP on oxidative stress were investigated in the kidney of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. TGP (50, 100, 200mg/kg) was orally administered once a day for 8 weeks. TGP treatment in all three doses significantly lowered 24 h urinary albumin excretion rate in diabetic rats and attenuated glomerular volume. TGP treatment with 100 and 200mg/kg significantly reduced indices for tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic rats. The level of MDA was significantly increased in the kidney of diabetic rats and attenuated by TGP treatment at the dose of 200mg/kg. TGP treatment in a dose-dependent manner decreased the level of 3-NT protein of the kidney which increased under diabetes. T-AOC was significantly reduced in diabetic rat kidney and remarkably increased by TGP treatment at the dose of 100 and 200mg/kg. Activity of antioxidant enzyme such as SOD, CAT was markedly elevated by TGP treatment with 200mg/kg. Western blot analysis showed that p-p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB p65 protein expression increased in diabetic rat kidney, which were significantly decreased by TGP treatment. It seems likely that oxidative stress is increased in the diabetic rat kidneys, while TGP can prevent diabetes-associated renal damage against oxidative stress.
 ...
PMID:Effects of total glucosides of paeony on oxidative stress in the kidney from diabetic rats. 1975 95

The plant Kaempferia rotunda Linn. has been explored for its anti oxidant potential in the present study. The antioxidant property was assessed by lipid peroxidation markers such as malonaldehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxyl-2-nonenal (4-HNE). The lipid peroxidation byproducts are highly toxic and responsible for various diseases like myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, hepatic injury, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. The chemical constituents of the plant were critically and qualitatively analyzed to confirm the presence of flavonoids and phenolic derivatives. Hence our objective has been designed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of Kaempferia rotunda linn. and its contribution to control the lipid peroxidation.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Kaempferia rotunda Linn. 2004 46


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>