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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of enzymes regulating the processes providing functional activity of leukocytes was studied in the exudate leukocytes of healthy rabbits and animals with alloxan diabetes. Rabbits with diabetes displayed a reduction of hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and adenylate kinase activity. The activity of UDPH-pyrophosphorylase, UDPH-glycogentranspherase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glutathion reductase showed no significant changes in the exudate leukocytes in diabetes. A reduction of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase limiting glycolysis and the pentose-phosphate cycle, respectively, providing energy for leukocytes and important in protein metabolism of these cells, is of great significance in the reduction of functional activity of leukocytes in the inflammatory focus in diabetes.
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PMID:[Enzymatic profile of the exudate leukocytes in diabetes mellitus]. 9 55

In leukocytes of exudate from diabetic rabbits, the activities of hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are increased, and a tendency of adenylate kinase activity to decline is observable. The activities of UDP-pyrophosphatase, UDP-glycogentransferase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glutahione reductase in the exudate erythrocytes in diabetes are not essentially altered. The decrease of the key enzymes of glycolysis and pentose phosphate cycle, providing the leukocytes with energy and metabolites, reduces the functional activity of leukocytes from exudate in diabetes.
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PMID:[Enzyme profile of exudate leukocytes from diabetic rabbits]. 51 96

The UDPH-pyrophosphatase and phosphomurase activity was determined in the liver homogenates of rats with manifest alloxan diabetes. In comparison with control animals, there was a statistically significant reduction of UDPH-pyrophosphorylase and phosphoglucomutase activity (by 29 and 33%, respectively) in diabetic rats. Decreased activity of the mentioned enzymes in the liver of rats with alloxan diabetes pointed to their participation in reduction of glycogen synthesis in the liver occurring in this disease.
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PMID:[UDPG pyrophosphorylase and phosphoglucomutase activity in the liver of rats with alloxan diabetes]. 70 61

The pattern of associations between maternal phosphoglucomutase locus 1 (PGM1) and foetal macrosomia in diabetic pregnancy has been compared with that observed in normal pregnancy. In diabetic pregnancy a substantial increase of macrosomic infants, as compared to normal pregnancy, is observed only among women homozygous for PGM1(1) allele. Also neonatal hypoglycemia is much more frequent in newborns from PGM1(-1) mothers than in newborns from other mothers. Since enzymatic activity of PGM1(-1) phenotype is lower as compared to other PGM1 phenotypes, this may influence glycaemic level and/or its stability in diabetic pregnant women with unfavourable effects on the metabolic and developmental patterns of the foetus.
Diabetes Res 1987 Aug
PMID:Foetal macrosomia in diabetic pregnancy. Further data on the association with maternal PGM1 genotype. 295 27

The activities of enzymes of the glycolytic route, the pentose phosphate pathway and NADPH-linked enzymes have been measured in the kidneys of genetically obese (ob/ob) mice and their lean litter mates. The renal content of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-P2) and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) were also measured. Increases were found in hexokinase and enolase with an upward trend in pyruvate kinase in the ob/ob mouse kidney; a significant decline in malic enzyme was also seen. The renal content of G6P and Fru-1,6-P2 increased. There was no renal hypertrophy despite a degree of hyperglycaemia, which was, however, considerably below that observed in experimental diabetes. Comparison of the renal changes in the hyperglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic ob/ob mice with the hyperglycaemic-hypoinsulinaemic diabetic group showed two distinct groupings. Firstly, changes which were similar in the two groups included: increases in hexokinase, G6P and Fru-1,6-P2, and a decrease in malic enzyme. Secondly, opposite changes were seen in enolase and in enzymes at the G6P crossroads, phosphoglucose isomerase and phosphoglucomutase. The elevated hexokinase and G6P in both ob/ob and diabetic groups may be involved in the eventual accumulation of basement membrane material in the glomerulus which is a common feature of the two conditions.
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PMID:Regulation of pathways of glucose metabolism in the kidney. The activity of the pentose phosphate pathway, glycolytic route and the regulation of phosphofructokinase in the kidney of lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice; comparison with effects of diabetes. 297 63

The effect of short-term diabetes, 5 days after the administration of streptozotocin, on renal growth and the activity of alternative pathways of glucose metabolism was studied in immature (21-day-old) rats and in adult rats. The kidney weight increased by 28% in the adult diabetic rats, but by only 10% in the immature diabetic rats, relative to their age-matched control groups. The flux of glucose via the pentose phosphate pathway was increased 2-3-fold in the adult diabetic rats, but was unchanged in the immature diabetic group. Enzymes of this pathway (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) increased by 29% and 77% respectively in adult diabetic rats; in the immature group they showed changes of +5% and +28% respectively. The rate of glucose phosphorylation increased significantly in both groups of diabetic rats; only minor changes were observed in oxidation via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Increases of 40-50% were found in the activity of enzymes involved in UDP-glucose metabolism (phosphoglucomutase, UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase and UDPglucose dehydrogenase) and in lactate dehydrogenase in both young and adult animals. The results suggest a differential renal response to streptozotocin-diabetes according to the stage of renal growth and development, and it is proposed that the difference is related to the developmental emergence of aldose reductase. Enzymes involved in formation of ribose 5-phosphate and NADPH are strikingly increased in the adult diabetic, whereas metabolic functions dependent on a high ambient glucose concentration, e.g. synthesis of glycogen and glucuronate, are similarly affected in adult and immature diabetic groups, both showing certain aspects of 'glucose overutilization'.
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PMID:Renal hypertrophy in experimental diabetes. Effect of diabetes on the pathways of glucose metabolism: differential response in adult and immature rats. 371 86

Recessive mutations at the rat fatty locus (fa, facp), which produce obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, provide useful experimental models for similar phenotypes in humans. The molecular pathogenesis of the metabolic phenotype in animals segregating for fa is unknown and difficult to study once the confounding metabolic effects of obesity are present. Although various experimental methods distinguish preobese from lean rats (phenotypic markers and molecular markers genetically linked to fatty), technical difficulties limit their utility. We report the identification of two (GT)n simple sequence repeats (SSRs) near the rat phosphoglucomutase gene (Pgm1) gene and two SSRs, (GA)n and (GT)n, near the rat complement component 8 beta gene (C8b). These SSRs map to an approximately 4-cM interval flanking the fatty locus on rat chromosome 5. Use of these molecular markers in combination offers an improved method for early assessment of gene dosage for fa and hence for studying the fundamental molecular physiology underlying the derangements of metabolism and behavior resulting from mutations in this gene.
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PMID:Molecular mapping of SSRs for Pgm1 and C8b in the vicinity of the rat fatty locus. 766 62

In insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, maternal Phosphoglucomutase genotype is a predictor of fetal macrosomia much more important than quality of metabolic control during pregnancy. In gestational diabetes and in non insulin-dependent diabetes, on the contrary, the most important predictor is the metabolic control of diabetes.
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PMID:Genetic and non genetic factors in the outcome of diabetic pregnancy. 779 Oct 12

Ninety-nine pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 83 women with gestational diabetes, and a control sample of 315 nondiabetic consecutive puerperae have been studied along with their newborn infants. Neonatal macrosomia is less frequent among diabetic mothers with phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) genotype PGM1*1/*2 than among mothers with other PGM1 genotypes. In gestational diabetes the association is more evident among younger women than among older women. Diabetic women with the PGM1*1/*2 genotype show a reduced proportion of heterozygous PGM1*1/*2 offspring. The phenomenon is much more evident among women under 28 years of age and does not depend on the quality of metabolic control. The data suggest that when both mother and fetus share the PGM1*1/*2 genotype, the deleterious effects of a diabetic environment on fetal development are more severe, leading to an early loss of zygotes. This may contribute to a decrease incidence of macromosomia among live-born infants delivered by PGM1*1/*2 mothers.
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PMID:Evidence of selection on PGM1 polymorphism in diabetic pregnancy. 783 71

The study of 230 diabetic mothers along with their newborn babies has shown that foetal macrosomia is associated with two specific genomic sites: phosphoglucomutase locus 1 (PGM1)-Rhesus blood group (Rh) linkage group (chromosome 1) and HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linked to insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) (chromosome 12). In PGM(1)2-1 mothers carrying the E allele, there is a proportion of 8.7% of macrosomic newborns as compared with 39.6% in mothers with other genotypes. The relationship between the maternal PGM1-RhE genotype and neonatal macrosomia does not depend on the type of diabetes. The proportion of macrosomic infants is much lower among newborns carrying the IGF1HS allele of the HindIII RFLP linked to IGF1 (20%) than among IGF1F/IGF1HF newborns (55%).
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PMID:Both maternal and foetal genetic factors contribute to macrosomia of diabetic pregnancy. 790 9


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