Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To clarify the relationship between kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems, glandular kallikrein, renin and angiotensin converting enzyme in the submandibular gland, the kidney and plasma were investigated in streptozotocin diabetic and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Kallikrein content in the submandibular gland, the kidney and plasma of diabetic rats was found to be decreased compared with nondiabetic controls. Renin activity in diabetic rats was also reduced in the submandibular gland, but the activity showed no significant changes in the kidney and plasma. The activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in plasma significantly increased in diabetic rats. On the other hand, kallikrein content in hypertensive rats was depressed in the kidney, while the content was unchanged in the submandibular gland and plasma. Renin activity in hypertensive rats was found to be higher than that of normotensive rats in the submandibular gland, but the activity showed no remarkable changes in the kidney and plasma. ACE activity in plasma markedly decreased in hypertensive rats in contrast to diabetic rats. In hypertensive-diabetic rats, changes in the levels of these enzymes in tested materials were similar to those of diabetic rats. From these results it is reasonable to assume that (1) reduced kallikrein generation and elevated ACE activity may induce impaired kinin formation and contribute to the development of diabetes mellitus apart from the presence of hypertension and (2) low kallikrein content in the kidney could cause hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Glandular kallikrein, renin and angiotensin converting enzyme of diabetic and hypertensive rats. 255 14

The activity of angiotensin converting enzyme has been examined in serum and lungs of Wistar male rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes. The diabetes has been induced by single i.v. dose of streptozotocin (75 mg/kg body weight). The activity of angiotensin converting enzyme in serum and lungs has been measured ten days after application of drug by spectrophotometrical method using synthetic substrate hippuryl-1-histidyl-1-leucine. The results show that streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats cause significant increase in angiotensin converting enzyme activity in serum and lungs.
 ...
PMID:[Angiotensin converting enzyme in the blood and lungs in experimental diabetes]. 256 May 23

To determine the value of measuring serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients who have proteinuria, 19 diabetic patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), 20 diabetic patients with diabetic glomerulosclerosis and 20 healthy controls were studied. Serum ACE activity was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in patients with diabetic glomerulosclerosis (26.7 +/- 4.9), while in patients with CGN it was comparable to that in healthy controls (21.5 +/- 3.5, 19.1 +/- 4.7, respectively). These results suggest that measurement of serum ACE activity may be useful in differentiating between diabetic glomerulosclerosis and CGN in type 2 diabetic patients who have proteinuria.
Diabetes Res 1989 Jul
PMID:Serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. 256 Jun 90

Surveys that evaluated antihypertensive drug-prescribing patterns were mailed to 150 family physicians and 150 primary care internists. The initial mailing was followed by a telephone follow-up and a second mailing. Forty-seven percent of family physicians and 41.9% of the internists who were still in practice returned the questionnaire. When asked about their choice of antihypertensive drug therapy for specific patients (based upon age, race, sex, and coexisting disease), the responses of the two specialties were similar. The only statistically significant difference was observed in the responses for a 58-year-old obese white woman with diabetes and renal impairment. In this example, the family physicians were more likely than internists to recommend an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or a beta-blocker (P = .036). This study demonstrates that the majority of physicians individualized initial therapy for hypertension to the specific patient rather than strictly following a stepped-care approach with diuretics or beta-blockers as initial therapy.
 ...
PMID:Antihypertensive drug-prescribing patterns of internists and family physicians. 257 Jan 21

We studied the effect of perindopril, administered for a period of 9 months, on renal function, albuminuria and glycemic control of diabetic subjects with mild-to-moderate hypertension. After 1 month of placebo, 40 insulin-treated patients were divided into 3 groups based on the level of albuminuria. Group I had normal albuminuria (less than 15 mg/24 hr), group II had pathological microalbuminuria (15-150 mg/24 hr) and group III had macroproteinuria (greater than 150 mg/24 hr). They were given perindopril (4 or 8 mg) once daily. Diastolic blood pressure was normalized within the first 3 months in 80% of the patients. Twenty-nine of these patients (13, 9 and 7 from groups I, II and III, respectively) were followed for a total treatment period of 9 months. They were matched for age, duration of diabetes and hypertension, daily insulin dose, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and quality of glycemic control. Diastolic blood pressure was decreased by 14 and 17% at 1 and 9 months, respectively. Heart rate was not significantly modified. At 3 months, the angiotensin converting enzyme activity was markedly inhibited, while plasma renin activity was increased. In patients in group II, microalbuminuria was reduced from 59 +/- 13 to 32 +/- 6 mg/24 hr after 1 month and this effect was maintained at 9 months. Despite similar decreases in blood pressure, no significant change in the albumin excretion rate was observed in patients in groups I and III. Creatinine clearance remained stable and glycemic control did not change throughout the study in the 3 groups. We conclude that perindopril normalizes blood pressure in a large majority of hypertensive diabetic patients without affecting the quality of diabetes control. It also induces a marked and sustained reduction in microalbuminuria in patients at risk of developing diabetic nephropathy.
 ...
PMID:Renal function, glycemic control and perindopril in diabetic patients. 269 Nov 28

Hypertension is an important risk factor in the progression of renal failure, particularly in patients with pre-existing glomerulopathies such as diabetes and chronic glomerulonephritis. The mechanisms involved in hypertensive glomerular injury are currently unclear and cannot be studied in humans because of the constraints of human experimentation. However, recent animal studies have elucidated mechanisms which may explain the variable relationship between systemic hypertension and glomerular injury. Experimentally, at similar levels of systemic hypertension, glomerular injury only develops when preglomerular resistances are ineffective, thus allowing the development of glomerular hypertension. The mechanisms by which the haemodynamic stress of elevated intracapillary pressures and flows lead to progressive glomerular damage are at present unknown. Endothelial cell injury, increased mesangial traffic and/or trapping of macromolecules and epithelial cell injury appear to occur early, followed by in situ inflammatory and microthrombotic mechanisms. The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of progressive glomerular injury. Haemodynamically, angiotensin II (Ang II) has a relatively greater vasoconstrictive effect on efferent than on afferent arterioles. In addition, Ang II decreases the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient. These combined effects result in increased intraglomerular capillary pressures. Angiotensin II increases the uptake and decreases the egress of circulating macromolecules in the glomerular mesangium and fosters mesangial cell mitogenesis. Thus, inhibition of Ang II generation may explain why angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may be effective in arresting or slowing the progression of renal failure in experimental animals and in man.
 ...
PMID:Possible mechanism for the renoprotective effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 269 55

Effective renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were assessed in early insulin dependent diabetics (duration of diabetes less than 10 yr) during short term administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. In a double blind randomized study, RPF and GFR were measured in normotensive normoalbuminuric (albumin excretion rate less than 20 micrograms/min) male IDDs before and after two weeks of Captopril 25 mg bd (n = 6) or placebo (n = 6). RPF and GFR were measured by means of a primed constant infusion of 125I iodohippurate and 51CR EDTA, respectively and corrected for 1.73m2 surface area. Supine blood pressure was measured throughout the study period. Mean (+/- SE) systolic and diastolic blood pressures were unchanged in both groups of subjects, being 124 +/- 5 mmHg and 78 +/- 4 mmHg before and 126 +/- 5 mm and 81 +/- 4 mm during Captopril and 121 +/- 6 mm and 79 +/- 4 mm before and 120 +/- 5 mm and 80 +/- 3 mm during placebo administration. RPF and GFR remained unchanged during Captopril administration, from 719 +/- 28 ml/min and 148 +/- 6 ml/min prior to and 721 +/- 26 ml/min and 149 +/- 6 ml/min during therapy. Similarly RPF and GFR were unchanged in the placebo treated group at 634 +/- 24 ml/min and 143 +/- 5 ml/min before end 630 +/- 28 ml/min and 140 +/- 7 ml/min after two weeks. Glycaemic control was unchanged in either group during the study period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Res 1989 May
PMID:Renal haemodynamics during short-term angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in normotensive normoalbuminuric insulin dependent diabetics. 269 80

This report describes the case of a 70-year-old female suffering from diabetes mellitus and dilatative cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure. It is likely that alveolar-capillary membrane damage occurred apart from cardiac involvement. Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis subsequently occurred with consequent acute progressive respiratory failure and death. The cause of the damage to the alveolar-capillary membranes is still unknown and we thought that long-term administration of captopril might have contributed to the damage itself, since like all ACE-inhibitors, captopril is able to bring about tissular storage of both bradykinin and prostaglandins and therefore alter the pulmonary reactivity to phlogistic stimuli.
 ...
PMID:[Acute progressive respiratory insufficiency caused by diffuse interstitial pulmonary disease in a diabetic patient with dilated myocardiopathy]. 270 34

In view of the pharmacological and chemical reasons for using ACE-inhibitors to treat diabetic hypertension, a group of 40 outpatients were treated with Enalapril. The sample consisted of 20 outpatients, 6 males, 14 females aged 48-76 (mean age 63.75), 18 of whom had type II and 2 type I diabetes and 11 under treatment by diet and hypoglycaemic drugs or insulin. All these patients presented slight or moderate essential arterial hypertension (diastolic pressure less than 115 mmHg). For about one year 17 of the patients were given 20 mg/die Enalapril and the remaining three 10 mg/die in a single morning dose. In 16 cases no other treatment was given. In 4 a non-potassium conserving diuretic was also given. Check-ups before six months into and at the end of treatment showed: a statistically significant reduction in systolic (p less than 0.05) and diastolic (p less than 0.01) pressure. In contrast no significant change was noted in heart beat, glycaemia before or after meals, body weight, glycosylated haemoglobin or any other blood chemical parameter considered. In one case only there was a slight increase in proteinuria that was however present at the start of treatment. As far as side effects are concerned there was one case of cardiac palmus during treatment and one case of coughing that regressed totally when treatment was suspended but nothing else of significance. It should be noted that the antidiabetic treatment remained unchanged throughout the period considered in most cases and at most was subjected to minimal qualitative and quantitative adjustments.
 ...
PMID:[Prolonged treatment of hypertension in diabetic patients with enalapril. 1-year follow-up]. 282 79

Angiotensin-converting enzyme occupies a central position in the dynamics of the renin-angiotensin system. We prospectively studied serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in 112 women at various stages of pregnancy and in the postpartum period because converting enzyme levels have not been well documented in pregnant women with medical disorders which might be expected to influence intravascular volume or blood pressure. Enzyme activity is lower during pregnancy than it is in the same population at 6 weeks postpartum. Levels of serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity remain relatively stable during gestation but drop during the immediate postpartum period. Diabetes, chronic hypertension, and pregnancy induced hypertension fo not markedly change serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity.
 ...
PMID:Constancy of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in normal and complicated pregnancy. 282 98


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10