Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two lysosomal glycohydrolases, beta-galactosidase and beta-N-hexosaminidase which have been associated with kidney disease were measured in the urine of 110 youngsters with juvenile diabetes mellitus. The mean enzyme excretions in the diabetic group were intermediate between those of normal youngsters and those with active renal disease. Three youngsters with known kidney disease had elevations comparable to others in the diabetic group but no direct correlation could be shown between enzyme elevations and proteinuria or Addis count abnormalities. Positive correlations were seen between enzyme levels and indices of metabolic balance including blood sugar, cholesterol and triglycerides but not with urine sugar or ketones. Duration and estimated stage and control of diabetes also correlated with the urinary enzymes. These preliminary studies are consistent with the possibility that the excretion of these enzymes reflects the ongoing renal damage which occurs in most juvenile diabetics.
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PMID:Urinary acidic glycohydrolases as an index of kidney damage in juvenile diabetes mellitus. 11 9

The activities of three lysosomal hydrolases were assayed in the basal and isoproterenol-stimulated states in the adipose tissues of lean, obese and obese-diabetic monkeys. The basal activity of acid lipase appeared higher in the obese tissues with or without diabetes than in the lean tissue. Isoproterenol stimulation did not affect these activities. The basal activity of beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) was similar in all tissues and unaffected by isoproterenol stimulation. Although basal activity of hexosaminidase (Hex) was comparable in all tissues, activity increased significantly in the stimulated diabetic-obese tissue but not in the stimulated tissues from lean animals or animals with simple obesity.
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PMID:Catechol effect on the lysosomal enzymes in the adipose tissues of obese and obese-diabetic monkeys. 11 11

Deposition of PAS2-positive materials and thickening of the basement membrane in vascular lesions are characteristic findings in diabetes mellitus, suggesting altered metabolism of glycoprotein. Changes in the activities of the glycosidases, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase [EC 3.2.1.30], beta-glucuronidase [EC 3.2.1.31], beta-galactosidase [EC 3.2.1.23], and beta-glucosidase [EC 3.2.1.21] were measured in various organs and the serum of diabetic rats. The activities of the first three enzymes listed above were found to be much reduced in the kidney but increased in the serum. The decreased activities of beta-glycosidases in the kidney may be one of the factors responsible for the pathogenesis of microangiopathy.
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PMID:Beta-glycosidases and diabetic microangiopathy. I. Decreases of beta-glycosidase activities in diabetic rat kidney. 13 96

Vascular disease in diabetics could arise in part from altered vessel wall catebolism. Specific activities of hydrolases in aortic smooth muscle cells from rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were measured. Enyzmes included: neutral alpha-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, and lysosomal N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, cathepsin C, acid alpha-glucosidase, and acid cholesteryl esterase. After 4,8, and 11 weeks of diabetes, activities of all enzymes studied were decreased significantly in diabetic vessels, decreases ranging from 15% for cathepsin C to 62% for alpha-mannosidase. After 3 weeks of diabetes, insulin treatment for 1 week restored enzyme levels to normal. After 7 weeks of diabetes, 1 week of insulin treatment did not restore enzyme levels fully to normal (acid cholesteryl esterase was unchanged); 4 weeks of insulin did. Acid phosphatase and N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase activities were reduced markedly in histochemical studies of diabetic aortas at all time periods and were restored by insulin treatment. Alloxan-induced diabetes gave results similar to those with streptozotocin. Significant decreases of aortic hydrolase activities, including those of lysosomes, occur in experimental diabetes mellitus and could contribute to accumulation of substrates in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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PMID:Hydrolase activities in the rat aorta. I. Effects of diabetes mellitus and insulin treatment. 14 80

Streptozotocin treatment (125 mg/kg) in the Chinese hamster induced hyperglycaemia, hypoinsulinaemia, hyperglucagonaemia and changes in body, liver, pancreas, stomach, kidney and adipose tissue weights. The pancreatic reserves of insulin and glucagon in the diabetic animals were low, but stomach glucagon high. These animals showed high levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and low levels of glucokinase, hexokinase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme, but normal levels of pyruvate kinase in the liver. Increases in lactate dehydrogenase subunit B and isozymes 2, 3 and 4 were also observed in the liver, but not in the epididymal fat pad, of the diabetic animals. N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was elevated in plasma, liver and heart, but not in the kidney of the treated animals. Renal alpha-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase were depressed, whereas beta-galactosidase and alpha-glucosidase remained essentially normal. These features indicated that there were considerable differences between the biochemical disorders associated with streptozotocin-diabetes in the Chinese hamster and the published observations in the rat.
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PMID:Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the Chinese hamster. Biochemical and endocrine disorders. 59 Jun 51

Hypertension is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis and often occurs in association with diabetes mellitus. Specific activities of hydrolases in homogenates of aortas from rats with renal-clip hypertension, normotension following a period of hypertension, and hypertension combined with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus were measured. Enzymes included: neutral alpha-glucosidase, and lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, cathepsin C, acid alpha-glucosidase, and acid cholesteryl esterase. After 6 or 12 weeks of hypertension, specific activities of all enzymes measured were significantly increased, levels ranging from 24% above normal for cathepsin C to 351% above normal for N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. Six weeks of normotension following 6 weeks of hypertension resulted in restoration to normal of four of the six enzyme activities; the remaining two enzymes were significantly below normal levels. Combined hypertension and diabetes mellitus showed smooth muscle cell levels of four of the five hydrolases measured to be significantly lower than those present with hypertension alone. In every instance, histochemical studies of aortas showed acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities which corresponded to the biochemical findings. These findings indicate profound and discrete effects of two clinical risk factors on vascular smooth muscle cell lysosomes.
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PMID:Hydrolase activities in the rat aorta. II. Effects of hypertension alone and in combination with diabetes mellitus. 65 43

Studies have been carried out on activities of lysosomal beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (hex), beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), alpha-glucosidase (alpha-glu), and acid phosphatase (AP) in serum and urine from patients with juvenile diabetes and matched controls. There is a large increase in blood and urinary hex activity (the former presenting three distinct patterns of abnormality), a moderate increase in urinary beta-gal, and a small increase in urinary alpha-glu activity, but no elevation of blood or urinary AP in the diabetics. Urinary alpha-glu activity in the diabetics shows striking inhibition by glucose, and this may reflect a similar phenomenon in vivo. Although glycohydrolase activities are elevated in patients with no detectable microangiopathy, more striking changes may be observed in patients with severe small-vessel disease. These alterations may be associated with increased glycoprotein catabolism in the diabetic, an area in need of further studies in the human and experimental diabetic animal.
Diabetes 1976 May
PMID:Altered lysosomal glycohydrolase activities in juvenile diabetes mellitus. 126 40

Various biochemical parameters of renal tubular function were examined for a period of up to 12 weeks in rats rendered diabetic by an i.v. injection of streptozotocin. Except for a statistically significant decrease in the urinary excretion of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase to 64% of control values, the urinary excretion of beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, alanine aminopeptidase, and lactate dehydrogenase significantly increases in diabetic rats to between 154% and 712% of control values. This increased enzymuria is not correlated to the marked polyuria induced by diabetes (r between 0.14 and 0.35, not significant). Enzymuria is also accompanied by a 10-fold increase in the urinary excretion of the low molecular weight protein beta 2-microglobulin while the excretion of albumin is not significantly modified, indicating impairment of tubular reabsorption in diabetic animals. Clearance studies reveal that the clearance of both beta 2-microglobulin and infused egg-white lysozyme are also increased. Finally the histopathologic examination of paraffin sections of the kidney show hydropic degenerescence and pycnosis of the tubular cells. It is concluded that early-stage diabetes results in tubular impairment and that the streptozotocin-rat model appears well suited to the study of these early signs of renal dysfunction.
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PMID:Enzymuria and tubular proteinuria in diabetic rats: a 12-week follow-up study. 134 85

A study was made of the effect of endovascular laser irradiation of the blood with a He-Ne laser on blood rheological properties, tissue microcirculation and leukocyte function in 28 patients suffering from diabetes mellitus with diabetic angiopathies. A course of endovascular laser irradiation of the blood resulted in the improvement of a clinical course of angiopathies, indices of biomicroscopy of the eye conjunctiva as well as capillaroscopy and thermogenic activity of the limbs. Blood viscosity was significantly decreased; noticeable stimulation of leukocyte beta-galactosidase from 16.4 +/- 3.4 up to 26.8 +/- 4.4 nmol/h was observed. A conclusion has been made that laser therapy leads to significantly improved tissue microcirculation and prevents the development of pathological vascular changes.
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PMID:[The treatment of diabetic angiopathies by endovascular low-intensity laser irradiation]. 208 60

Hybridoma-produced monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against insulin is useful for insulin assays because of its specificity and plentiful supply. The spleen cells of male BALB/c mice immunized against monocomponent porcine insulin were hybridized with mouse myeloma cells (P3-X63-Ag8-U1). The resulting anti-insulin antibody (Ab) was purified and characterized by radioimmunoassay (RIA) using 125I-porcine insulin and sandwich-method enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using Ab-conjugated beads and beta-galactosidase. For reference, we used anti-insulin polyclonal antibody raised in guinea pigs (PoAb). Using the Ouchterlony technique, we identified the antibody as being of subclass IgG 1. We judged this antibody to be MoAb because it did not react at all with porcine insulin during EIA, in concentrations between 0 and 12.5 ng/ml; in contrast, PoAb reacted dose-dependently. During RIA, this Ab did not cross-react with glucagon, somatostatin or pancreatic polypeptide. It did cross-react with human and bovine insulins but not with rat insulin. The proper concentration of this MoAb for RIA proved to be 1:1,500,000 and the smallest detectable level of porcine insulin by RIA using this Ab was 0.5 ng/ml. These levels were similar to those obtained with PoAb. The binding activity of this MoAb to human insulin was quite similar to that of porcine insulin. RIA insulin determinations using our MoAb correlated well with those employing PoAb.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1989
PMID:Production of anti-insulin monoclonal antibody and its clinical application. 268 Mar 69


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