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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association between angiographically defined coronary artery disease (CAD) and serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins was evaluated in 151 black men and 245 black women. Patients with 70% or greater narrowing of at least one coronary artery or greater than or equal to 50% stenosis of the left main coronary artery (n = 179) were compared to those with lesions of less than 50% stenosis (n = 217) for total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C/HDL-C, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein A-I/B. A consistently more atherogenic pattern of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins occurred only among the women. Using stepwise selection multiple logistic regression analysis, the ratio of apolipoprotein A-I/B (odds ratio = 0.38, 95% confidence limits 0.24-0.61) was the only statistically significant association of CAD in women, after adjusting for the effects of age, body mass index, and histories of smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes. When stratified by median of total cholesterol, the ratio of apolipoprotein A-I/B was the most strongly associated with the presence of CAD in the lower half of the total cholesterol distribution (less than 208 mg/dl), whereas in the upper half of the total cholesterol distribution the total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio was more strongly associated with CAD. None of the variables studied was associated with CAD in men. These results support other studies suggesting that apolipoproteins may be better predictors of CAD.
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PMID:Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in black patients with angiographically defined coronary artery disease. 210 48

The correlations between lipid and lipoprotein measurements and other risk factors of coronary artery disease were evaluated in 101 men undergoing coronary angiography. Clinically significant disease was present in 75 patients, whereas 24 had no observable lesions and 2 had minimal lesions. Comparisons of individual lipid and lipoprotein levels were nearly all significantly different between patients with and patients without clinically significant disease; however, no single variable could predict the presence of disease among patients. Logistic regression analysis identified five factors: apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, diabetes, age, and family history of heart disease, which account for most of the differences between the two patient groups. These results could have important implications for the evaluation and management of patients suspected of having coronary atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Correlates of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries of patients undergoing angiographic evaluation. 211 60

To investigate whether persistent microalbuminuria is related to altered levels of both lipids and apolipoproteins in Type 2 diabetes mellitus serum total-cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, and apolipoprotein B were measured by standard methods in a group of Type 2 diabetic patients affected by persistent microalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate (AER) 20-200 micrograms min-1) as compared with a group of sex- and age-matched non-microalbuminuric patients (AER less than 20 micrograms min-1). The groups were stratified according to a short (less than or equal to 5 years) or a longer (greater than 5 years) duration of diagnosed diabetes. Microalbuminuria was not associated with significant changes of serum total-cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoproteins in the group of patients with a duration of disease greater than 5 years, while microalbuminuric patients less than or equal to 5 years from diagnosis (n = 11) had serum total-cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and apoprotein B higher than non-microalbuminuric control patients (n = 26) (cholesterol 6.2 +/- 0.9 vs 5.1 +/- 1.0 mmol l-1 (p = 0.003); triglycerides 2.1 +/- 0.7 vs 1.7 +/- 1.3 mmol l-1 (p = 0.03); LDL-cholesterol 4.1 +/- 0.8 vs 3.0 +/- 0.7 mmol l-1 (p less than 0.001); apo-B 1.3 +/- 0.3 vs 1.1 +/- 0.3 g l-1 (p = 0.02). In these patients with shorter duration of diabetes many of the serum lipid measures correlated positively with AER.
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PMID:Serum lipids and lipoproteins in type 2 diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria. 214 34

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Max EPA (a commercially available fish oil preparation) on serum cholesterol lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) men with dosages that were likely to be acceptable to patients. Twenty-two male IDDM patients aged 20-41 yr, 6 of whom had retinopathy, were recruited from the Royal Perth Hospital diabetic clinic. After screening, subjects were divided into three groups. Six of the subjects without retinopathy were randomly selected and allocated to a control group. The remaining 16 patients (10 without and 6 with retinopathy) received a fish oil supplement. All subjects were advised to maintain their usual dietary patterns. Sixteen patients, including the 6 with retinopathy, were instructed to take 15 Max EPA fish oil capsules/day with meals. Patients in the control group did not take Max EPA. Three weeks of Max EPA supplementation without other dietary modification led to a significant rise in total cholesterol (P less than 0.01), which could be accounted for by increases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The increase in HDL cholesterol was explained by a 33% rise (P less than 0.001) in its HDL2 subclass. Changes in apolipoproteins were examined and showed that the level of apolipoprotein A-I increased after ingestion of fish oil and correlated significantly (P less than 0.05) with the rise in HDL cholesterol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Care 1990 Jul
PMID:Fish oil-induced changes in apolipoproteins in IDDM subjects. 220 95

In a long-term longitudinal study of gestational diabetes mellitus in Black women, risk factors that were identified were age, obesity, a family history of diabetes, and the presence of hypertension. Poor predictors were a history of a previous large-for-date infant, parity, and age at first pregnancy. The prevalence of smooth muscle and nuclear autoantibodies was higher in gestational diabetic subjects. Gestational diabetic subjects who required insulin for glycemic control were more obese, had a lower frequency of the Bf-F phenotype and a higher frequency of the Bf-F1 phenotype, and had a lower frequency of the type 2 allele at the polymorphic locus adjacent to the insulin gene. Restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms flanking the insulin and apolipoprotein A-I and C-III genes, although not associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, may be associated with hyperlipidemia and subsequent atherosclerosis.
Diabetes Care 1990 Nov
PMID:Risk factors for gestational diabetes in black population. 226 42

Because the apparent reduction in cardiovascular risk noted in nondiabetic populations that ingest diets rich in marine lipids containing omega-3 fatty acids is believed to result in part from their capacity to modify the composition and physicochemical behavior of lipoproteins, we sought to determine whether dietary supplementation with marine lipids might favorably affect lipoprotein composition in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Eight normolipidemic IDDM women (mean +/- SD age 29.8 +/- 4.7 yr) were studied before and 3 mo after receiving a marine-lipid concentrate (Super-EPA) containing 6 g omega-3 fatty acids and a total of 12 mg of cholesterol daily. Weight, insulin requirements, and glycosylated hemoglobin remained stable. After treatment, mean +/- SD plasma triglyceride (TG) levels fell (before, 81.7 +/- 22 mg/dl; after, 69.19 +/- 17; P less than 0.025). High-density lipoprotein2 (HDL2) cholesterol (before, 10.98 +/- 5.45 mg/dl; after, 18.43 +/- 7.93; P less than 0.01), its major apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI), and the major phospholipids (sphingomyelin and lecithin) all rose significantly. ApoB and plasma and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and HDL3 composition were unchanged. Postheparin hepatic and lipoprotein lipase activities were unaffected by marine lipids. These data indicate that women with IDDM experience apparently beneficial effects on TG and HDL2 from dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids administered in a low-cholesterol-containing oil without adversely affecting overall diabetes management. If these changes in lipoprotein concentration and composition prove to have antiatherogenic consequences and are free of long-term toxicity, these agents may have a role in the therapy of IDDM patients.
Diabetes 1990 Apr
PMID:Effects of omega-3 fish oils on plasma lipids, lipoprotein composition, and postheparin lipoprotein lipase in women with IDDM. 231 45

The Erfurt study is concerned with the follow-up of all the 208 long-term diabetics out of the closed area of the Erfurt district with an at least 20 years' diabetes survival in 1970. In 1980 risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) were assessed in 71 (85% type I diabetes) out of 76 patients still alive. Progression of CHD within the subsequent five years (death due to CHD in 8 cases and progression of the ECG findings according to the Minnesota code in 3 cases) was associated with older age, lower body mass index, higher triglycerides, and a higher total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio in comparison with the surviving patients without progression (n = 41). No significant differences could be found with regard to sex distribution, age at diabetes onset, duration of diabetes, percentage of type I diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking behavior, prevalence of nephropathy, glycemic control, and serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. The subsequent reinvestigation in 1985 also included the determination of apolipoproteins. Since type II diabetes was not equally distributed, only type I diabetics were considered for the comparison of patients with ECG findings suggestive of CHD (n = 5) with the remaining subjects (n = 35). In addition to the above mentioned differences, CHD in long-term type I diabetes was also accompanied by lower HDL cholesterol, lower apolipoprotein A-I, and a higher apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio. Substantially similar differences could be observed when type II diabetics were not excluded (10 patients with and 37 patients without CHD). It is concluded that the lipoprotein pattern is important for the survival in long-term diabetes.
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PMID:Association of coronary heart disease with serum lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations in long-term diabetes. Results of the Erfurt study. 250 60

In recent years apolipoproteins A-I and B examinations have been performed on patients with coronary artery disease as a better predictor of the severity of atherosclerosis. In the present study, 21 treated male and 22 treated female patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were examined and compared with controls of the same sex, age and body mass (23 males, 21 females). Cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol in male and female patients with NIDDM were significantly higher than in male and female controls. HDL-cholesterol in male and female patients with NIDDM was not different from those of male and female controls. Apolipoproteins A-I and B in male and female patients with NIDDM were higher than in male and female controls. [Apolipoproteins A-I (g/L) male 1.40 +/- 0.21 vs 1.25 +/- 0.15, p less than 0.005; female 1.56 +/- 0.23 vs 1.42 +/- 0.24, p less than 0.025. Apolipoproteins B (g/L) male 1.29 +/- 0.30 vs 0.97 +/- 0.22, p less than 0.001; female 1.34 +/- 0.34 vs 0.98 +/- 0.35, p less than 0.001.] Discrepancy between the higher apolipoprotein A-I and the normal HDL-cholesterol in in NIDDM supports the theory of altered composition of HDL particles in diabetic patients. The controversy between the higher apolipoprotein A-I and the higher incidence of atherosclerosis in patients with NIDDM makes the clinical usefulness of this laboratory measurement doubtful in these patients.
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PMID:Apolipoproteins A-I and B in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 251 34

The frequencies of restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) alleles as well as RFLP haplotypes at six genetic loci responsible for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism [insulin/insulin-like growth factor II complex, insulin receptor (INSR), HepG2/erythrocyte-type glucose transporter, apolipoprotein A-II, apolipoprotein B (APOB), and the apolipoprotein A-I/C-III/A-IV cluster (APOA1/C3/A4)] were compared between nondiabetic and diabetic Chinese Americans. The disease-association data suggest that genetic variation at the INSR, APOB, and APOA1/C3/A4 loci contributes to the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The analysis of the INSR locus revealed "protective" haplotypes, and it may be possible to use two of the INSR haplotypes as genetic markers to identify individuals having a very low probability of developing NIDDM regardless of the presence of other genes conferring susceptibility to this disorder. The APOB and APOA1/C3/A4 loci appear to contribute to the development of NIDDM in individuals who are of lean/normal weight and overweight, respectively. The APOA1/C3/A4 locus may account for approximately 8% of the difference between baseline and total possible risk of NIDDM in overweight individuals.
Diabetes 1989 Jan
PMID:Insulin-receptor and apolipoprotein genes contribute to development of NIDDM in Chinese Americans. 256 31

During a fourteen-year-period 257 patients underwent carotid endarterectomy in an unselected population of 700,000 inhabitants. The incidence of haemodynamically significant restenosis was 13.5% in 133 vessels in 116 patients studied by duplex scanning 28 to 209 months following carotid endarterectomy. The most striking differences between patent and restenosed cases were in serum cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels. The patients with a long-term low cholesterol (less than 6.5 mmol/l), low triglyceride (less than 1.42 mmol/l) and high HDL cholesterol (greater than 1.0 mmol/l) levels had significantly less high grade restenosis (P less than 0.05). Apolipoprotein A-I and B had no significant effect, but if the lowest limit of normal apolipoprotein A-I level was considered as 1.27 g/l the difference was significant. The frequency of a high-grade restenosis in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease was not significantly increased, but supports the view that these are risk factors in the development of atherosclerotic changes in an operated carotid artery. The incidence of recurrent stenosis appears to be unrelated to hypertension, claudication, obesity, smoking, operative factors or to the indication for surgery. Men were more prone than women to get a high-grade restenosis. Postoperative treatment with acetylsalicylic acid was most effective, the incidence was only half of that expected, whereas the anticoagulants or a combination of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole were of no benefit. Haematocrit, RBC, platelet count and thrombocrit were contradictory.
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PMID:Late carotid restenosis: aetiologic factors for recurrent carotid artery stenosis during long-term follow-up. 274 59


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