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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an attempt to find a reproducible method of total splenopancreatectomy (TSP) with duodenal loop conservation in rats, we used the technique recently described by S. Houry and M. Huguier (Eur. Surg. Res. 15: 328, 1983) but were not able to induce a true diabetes. We therefore developed a more radical splenopancreatectomy (RSP) in rats and compared this technique with the TSP. RSP involves a more extensive dissection of the common bile duct, a short choledocoduodenal anastomosis, and total excision of the retroportal pancreatic lobules with the aid of a dissecting microscope. In rats who had undergone the TSP technique, blood glucose levels were maximal 8 hr after operation (270 +/- 16 mg/dl), and thereafter recovered baseline values. In contrast, after the RSP technique all the rats became diabetic as documented by persistent hyperglycemia (347 +/- 20 mg/dl at 8 hr, P = 0.01 compared to TSP; 500 +/- 20 mg/dl at 8 hr, P less than 0.0001). Eight hours after the operation, blood lipase levels increased more significantly after TSP than after RSP (847 +/- 247 IU/liter and 130 +/- 37 IU/liter, respectively, P = 0.01), and then decreased to 92 +/- 19 IU/liter at 24 hr in the TSP group and less than or equal to 30 IU/liter in the RSP group (P = 0.003), suggesting a more radical dissection of pancreatic tissue with the RSP technique. At sacrifice at 48 hr, no complications were found with either technique on macroscopic and microscopic examination, except for marked gastric distension with RSP. A third group of rats underwent RSP and were followed until natural death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Radical splenopancreatectomy with duodenal loop conservation in rats. 221 47

Rat VLDL were glycated in vitro in the presence or absence of a reducing agent. Prior to glycation, the VLDL triglyceride was endogenously radiolabelled with [3H]-oleic acid. Post glycation the VLDL B-apoprotein was exogenously radiolabelled with [131]I. The double labelled VLDL was then injected into normal rats and the decline in plasma radioactivity of the two isotopes was used as a measure of triglyceride and particle clearance. VLDL glycated in either the presence or absence of reducing agent exhibited a significantly slower removal of triglyceride and apoprotein B compared to normal VLDL. The ability of glycated VLDL triglyceride to act as substrate for lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase was examined. Increasing concentrations of normal and glycated VLDL triglyceride were incubated with post-heparin plasma. The kinetics of triglyceride hydrolysis were determined in a manner analogous to Michaelis-Menten analysis. Glycated VLDL was found to be poorer than normal VLDL as a substrate for lipoprotein lipase. Glycation of VLDL appears to interfere with the lipolysis of its triglyceride. This may explain the delayed clearance of glycated VLDL triglyceride in vivo. Glycation also extended the mean plasma residence time of the VLDL particle. These factors may, in part, contribute to the hypertriglyceridaemia observed in subjects with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Glycation of very low density lipoprotein from rat plasma impairs its catabolism. 237 65

Neonatal rats receiving streptozotocin at birth resulted in an acute but transient hyperglycemia for about ten days. This early transient hyperglycemic condition led to a reduced body weight gain in the suckling period but body weights were normalized by day 42. Streptozotocin pups had higher pancreatic wet weights and pancreatic protein and DNA contents at day 16 as compared to control pups, but not thereafter. At day 16, pancreatic trypsinogen in streptozotocin pups showed a transient increase over control pups but amylase and lipase were similar in the two groups. No difference was observed between the streptozotocin pups and the control group in their pancreatic lipase and trypsinogen concentrations after 16 days. In contrast, pancreatic amylase concentrations were lower in streptozotocin pups from day 18 to day 42 but the difference between the groups was significant only from days 18 to 24. Insulin supplementation of streptozotocin pups for four days in the neonatal period restored the pancreatic amylase concentration to the control level at days 18 and 20. These results indicate that acute streptozotocin administration at birth to neonates affects subsequent exocrine pancreatic development, particularly that of amylase, and that exogenous insulin attenuated the effect.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract
PMID:Streptozotocin effect on the development of the exocrine pancreas in neonate rats. 243 Jul 65

Exocrine pancreatic enzyme activities and mineral concentrations were measured in a newly developed congenic strain of corpulent rat (SHR/N-cp). Approximately 4- to 5-wk-old corpulent (cp/cp) and lean (+/?) male rats consumed a diet containing 54% carbohydrate as either cooked cornstarch or 27% cooked cornstarch and 27% fructose for 9.5 mo. After consuming the diet for 3 mo, corpulent rats were hyperinsulinemic, hyperlipidemic and exhibited glycosuria. After consuming the diet for 9.5 mo corpulent rats were twofold heavier and pancreatic weight was 77% that of their lean littermates. Corpulent rats that consumed starch exhibited lower total pancreatic protein with no significant change in total DNA and RNA. In the corpulent rat, both lipase- and chymotrypsinogen-specific activities and both the specific activities and the content of amylase or trypsinogen were lower than those of lean littermates. Fructose consumption resulted in lower pancreatic copper and iron concentrations, and zinc concentration was elevated in corpulent rats. This study suggests that the SHR/N-corpulent rat may be a useful model for studying exocrine pancreatic function in insulin-independent diabetes.
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PMID:Exocrine pancreatic enzyme activities and mineral concentrations in SHR/N-corpulent (cp) male rats. 245 79

Exocrine pancreatic function was studied by fecal chymotrypsin test in three groups of diabetic patients seen in southern India. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, as shown by low fecal chymotrypsin levels, was seen in 87.5% of patients with fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD), in 23.5% of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients, and in 4.5% of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. There was no correlation between fecal chymotrypsin levels and serum amylase, serum lipase, age, body mass index, duration of diabetes, fasting plasma glucose, or glycosylated hemoglobin levels. The fecal chymotrypsin test is a useful additional investigation for the diagnosis of FCPD found in tropical countries.
Diabetes Care 1989 Feb
PMID:Exocrine pancreatic function in tropical fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes. 246 88

The pancreatic lipase and trypsin activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were determined as well as the relative levels of mRNA coding for these proteins. It was found that after development of diabetes, the activities of pancreatic lipase and trypsin were significantly increased by 105% and 52%, respectively, accompanied by an increase in the levels of lipase and trypsinogen mRNA by 98% and 49%, respectively, while amylase activity and its mRNA were significantly decreased. The alteration of lipase, trypsin, and amylase activities and their mRNA in diabetic rats were all normalized by replacement of insulin. It is concluded that in the diabetic situation, the pretranslational control for pancreatic lipase and trypsinogen is stimulated, resulting in high levels of these enzymes in the diabetic rat.
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PMID:Increase in pancreatic lipase and trypsin activity and their mRNA levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 247 68

A new rodent model, SHR/N-cp, for study of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) has recently been developed. The present study reports exocrine pancreatic enzyme activities and mineral concentrations in female corpulent (cp/cp) and lean (+/?) rats fed a diet containing carbohydrate as cooked corn starch or sucrose for 7 months to determine the potential of the model for studies of diet and pancreatic function in NIDDM. Although corpulent female rats weighed 2.5 times more than their lean littermates, they consumed less calories when expressed per 100 g body weight than lean rats. Corpulent rats had a significantly smaller relative pancreatic weight than lean rats (p less than 0.0001), but had greater total pancreatic DNA content and concentration (p less than 0.003) and higher pancreatic amylase (p less than 0.0001), lipase (p less than 0.0011), and chymotrypsinogen (p less than 0.0208) specific activities. Corpulent rats had a significantly lower pancreatic copper concentration than their lean littermates (p less than 0.0193). Corpulent rats consuming starch had a higher pancreatic iron concentration than all other experimental groups (p less than 0.05). The corpulent female rats were only mildly diabetic based upon serum and urine indices. The data suggest that the female SHR/N-corpulent rat may be a useful model for studying exocrine pancreatic function of mild cases of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
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PMID:Enzyme-specific activities and mineral concentrations of the exocrine pancreas from female SHR/N-corpulent (cp) rats. 248 46

To study postheparin plasma lipase activities in nonfed newborn infants immediately after birth and to investigate the possible influence of fetal hyperinsulinemia on lipoprotein lipase activity, we measured lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activities in 55 macrosomic newborn infants: group I consisted of 21 infants born to mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes. The infants were hyperinsulinemic at birth and had hypoglycemia and poor lipolysis at the age of 2 h. Group II consisted of 18 infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes. Group III consisted of 16 large-for-date infants born to nondiabetic mothers. The mean postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activities at 2 h of age were similar (mean 36 mumol free fatty acids/ml/h; SEM 15) in groups I-III. Lipoprotein lipase activity correlated negatively with cord-serum triglycerides (range 0.13-1.2 mmol/liter) but did not correlate with serum insulin (range 5.4-524 microU/ml) or C-peptide (range 0.6-21.0 micrograms/liter). Hepatic lipase activity was somewhat higher in group I (mean 68 mumol free fatty acids/ml/h; SEM 23) than in groups II and III (mean 55 mumol free fatty acids/ml/h; SEM 14). Hemoglobin Alc was the only important factor explaining the difference in hepatic lipase activities between groups. Lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B were similar in all three groups. We conclude that in large-for-date infants lipoprotein lipase is active at birth without exogenous fat induction, and that these infants are capable of hydrolyzing fat, their main source of energy, immediately after birth. In addition, we conclude that postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity is not affected by fetal hyperinsulinemia.
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PMID:Postheparin plasma lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activities in hyperinsulinemic infants of diabetic mothers and in large-for-date infants at birth. 308 29

Pancreatic lipase was revealed by immunocytochemistry and analyzed biochemically in pancreatic tissue from control, diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic rats. In the three groups of animals, lipase antigenic sites were detected with high resolution in the acinar cells in the compartments involved in protein secretion: rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory zymogen granules. The quantitative evaluation of the intensities of labeling has demonstrated that, in contrast to other pancreatic proteins, lipase is concentrated only at the transition between the Golgi apparatus and the condensing vacuoles. This indicates that, although sharing the same secretory pathway as amylase and chymotrypsinogen, lipase may in fact be processed differently. On the other hand, when compared with controls, lipase immunolabelings in tissues with diabetic condition were higher in all the cellular compartments. Treatment of diabetic animals with insulin was found to restore these levels to those obtained in control condition. The biochemical determination of lipase activities in pancreatic tissues confirmed the immunocytochemical data. These results, together with those obtained previously for amylase and chymotrypsinogen, indicate that in diabetic condition secretion from the acinar cells is significantly altered, which may influence intestinal digestion and absorption processes. These modifications, and the enhancement of lipase in particular, could play a role in the pathogenesis of the hyperlipidemic condition present in diabetes.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical and biochemical evaluation of pancreatic lipase in acinar cells of control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 329 Aug 94

Among 88 unselected patients with chronic pancreatitis 35% (95% confidence limits 25 to 46) had insulin-dependent diabetes, 31% (21% to 41%) had non-insulin-dependent diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (by intravenous glucose tolerance test), and 34% (24% to 45%) had normal glucose tolerance. B cell function measured by C-peptide concentration after 1 mg glucagon IV correlated with the pancreatic enzyme secretion (meal stimulated duodenal lipase content). B cell function was preserved to a greater extent (P less than .01), and glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting level of glucose were lower (P less than .01 to .05) in the 31 patients with pancreatogenic diabetes than than in 35 otherwise comparable patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes, yet daily insulin dose was similar in the two groups. Glucagon stimulated C-peptide was inversely correlated to glycosylated hemoglobin in insulin-dependent patients with pancreatogenic diabetes and in type I diabetes. Since body mass indices were identical in the two groups, better glucoregulation was not due to reduced food intake or malabsorption in pancreatogenic diabetes. Rather residual B cell function and/or different secretion of other pancreatic hormones in pancreatogenic diabetes may account for different metabolic control in type I IDDM compared with insulin-dependent pancreatogenic diabetes.
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PMID:Metabolic control and B cell function in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis. 330 47


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