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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The lipoprotein-lipase activity (LPLA) in the abdominal, subcutaneous, adipose tissue was studied in a random sample (n = 69) of 60-year-old men. A new method for the quantification of LPLA was applied. The mean value was 67 mU/g when expressed per gram (wet weight) of adipose tissue. Several subjects within the lower part of the range of adipose-tissue LPLA values had low concentrations of serum-triglycerides (S-TG). There was no correlation between the LPLA and S-TG concentrations in the fasting state. Among the 69 subjects, four had newly detected diabetes mellitus and had significantly lower LPLA in the adipose tissue than the control group. The fat-cell size and the LPLA per gram of adipose tissue were not correlated. Thus, obesity without diabetes mellitus does not imply a low LPLA concentration in adipose tissue. The variation of the concentration of adipose-tissue LPLA in the fasting state in this population was explained only to a minor extent by the variation of S-insulin and blood-glucose parameters, when analysed statistically by a stepwise multiple-regression technique.
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PMID:Lipoprotein-lipase activity in subcutaneous, adipose tissue in healthy subjects: variation of activity in a population of 60-year-old men. 3 Jan 95

The effect of heparin, its derivatives--sodium iodoheparinate (dioparin), diethylaminoethyltheophylline heparinate (milheparin), and also heparinoids--eleparon, "thrombo" Goltzinger and Sp-51 degrees on the blood sugar level in patients with diabetes mellitus and in healthy persons was studied. The preparations were administered by drop intravenous infusion for 4 hours in a dose corresponding to 10 000 U of heparin activity. Glycemia, lipoproteid lipase, blood lipid fractions, and blood endogenous heparin levels were studied before and after the drug administration. In diabetic patients these preparations decreased the blood sugar level and effected the blood lipid fractions level. Potential mechanisms of the influence on the blood sugar level are discussed; four action mechanisms are assumed--the effect on insulin secretion and on the sensitivity to it, the effect on the liver, on disturbances of fat metabolism, and on increase of glucose use in the peripheral tissues.
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PMID:[Effect of heparin, heparin derivatives and heparinoids on blood sugar levels of diabetes mellitus patients]. 8 65

In man and in rat, the diabetic state is associated with diseases of exocrine pancreatic function. In this work, streptozotocin diabetes was shown to lead to a 95% decrease in the amylase to lipase ratio in rats. Diabetes was reversed by either pancreas transplantation or insulin treatment. Transplantation of neonatal pancreases was successful in reversing the diabetic-induced alterations of exocrine pancreatic function. To assess whether insulin acts directly on the exocrine pancreas, or through the enhancement of glucose utilization, animals were fed either a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet during insulin treatment; this latter diet is well known to impair insulin's effect on glucose metabolism. When diabetic rats were fed a low-fat diet, insulin treatment was able to correct the hyperketonemia and to reverse the amylase to lipase ratio to the prediabetes level. In contrast, the insulin treatment failed to restore the amylase to lipase ratio when the diabetic rats were fed the high-fat diet. Despite insulin treatment, the hyperketonemia worsened implying that glucose utilization remained low as would be expected on high-fat diet. The dependence of the insulin effect upon diet composition demonstrates that the rate of glucose metabolism is the primary factor in the regulation of amylase to lipase ratio.
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PMID:Diet composition and insulin effect on amylase to lipase ratio in pancreas of diabetic rats. 9 21

The activities of three lysosomal hydrolases were assayed in the basal and isoproterenol-stimulated states in the adipose tissues of lean, obese and obese-diabetic monkeys. The basal activity of acid lipase appeared higher in the obese tissues with or without diabetes than in the lean tissue. Isoproterenol stimulation did not affect these activities. The basal activity of beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) was similar in all tissues and unaffected by isoproterenol stimulation. Although basal activity of hexosaminidase (Hex) was comparable in all tissues, activity increased significantly in the stimulated diabetic-obese tissue but not in the stimulated tissues from lean animals or animals with simple obesity.
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PMID:Catechol effect on the lysosomal enzymes in the adipose tissues of obese and obese-diabetic monkeys. 11 11

The activity of two triglyceride lipases was determined by an immunochemical method in the postheparin plasma of 60 diabetic patients and of 47 age- and sex-matched nondiabetic control subjects. The results were related to the type of diabetes, to plasma triglyceride and insulin concentrations, to removal of exogenous fat from the blood, and to turnover of VLDL-triglycerides . The mean postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was decreased by 44 per cent (p less than 0.001) in patients with untreated ketotic diabetes and by 20 per cent (p less than 0.01) in patients with untreated mild to moderate nonketotic early-onset diabetes. Insulin treatment of ketotic diabetes resulted in a rapid increase in the activity of LPL and decrease in serum triglycerdie level, whereas sulfonylurea treatment of non-insulin-requiring diabetics did not significantly influence the enzyme activity. In insulin-treated chronic diabetics the average postheparin plasma LPL activity was not different from that of nondiabetic controls, but some of these patients had high LPL values. In normolipidemic maturity-onset-type diabetics the LPL activity was within normal range, but in those having hypertriglyceridemia the average LPL value was decreased by an average of 26 per cent (p less than 0.01). The LPL activity showed a significant negative correlation with the logarithm of serum triglyceride concentration (r = -0.62) and a positive correlation with fractional removal of Intralipid (r = +0.64) and fractional turnover of V triglyceride (r = +0.40). The activity of LPL was correlated to basal plasma insulin concen tration in the insulin-deficient diabetes r = +0.34) but not in patients with maturity-onset-type diabetes. The hepatic lipase (HL) activity of postheparin plasma was similar in diabetes and controls, with the exception of hypertriglyceridemic maturity-onset diabetics, who had higher mean HL activity than the corresponding control group (p greater than 0.01). The activity of HL was not related to triglyceride removal but showed a significant correlation to VLDL-triglyceride production rate. On the basis of these results it seems that a deficiency of LPL accounts for a great deal of the elevation of serum triglyceride in insulin-deficient human diabetes but has a smaller role in the pathogenesis of the hypertriglyceridemia that is associated with maturity-onset diabetes. The latter abnormality is caused mainly by an increased secretion of triglycerides into the blood even though a decreased LPL may contribute to development of hyperlipemia in cases with gross elevation of serum triglycerides.
Diabetes 1977 Jan
PMID:Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase in diabetes mellitus. Relationship to plasma triglyceride metabolism. 18 16

At first the review deals with significance of the apoproteins for the metabolism of the lipoproteins, especially VLDL. Thus, for instance the apo-C is a cofactor for the lipase of the fatty tissue which hydrolyses the chylomicron-TG. The author enters examples of the secondary hyperlipoproteinaemias: hyperlipoproteinaemias in diseases of the liver and of the kidneys, in pancreatitis and in diabetes. In cholestasis an abnormal lipoprotein called LP-X is observed, in other diseases of the liver the beta2LP corresponding to the VLDL-intermediate. Causes for increases of lipoproteins in renal diseases are probably disturbances of the protein metabolism. There are close correlations between hyperlipoproteinaemias and pancreatitis. In diabetes primary hyperlipoproteinaemias in maturity-onset-diabetes are to be differed from clearly secondary ones in juvenile-onset-diabetes as well as such ones in nephropathy. The therapy of the secondary hyperlipoproteinaemias is shortly discussed.
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PMID:[Secondary hyperlipoproteinemias]. 19 82

Complamine (xanthinol-nicotinate) injected intravenously in a dose of 300 mg caused in patients with diabetes mellitus a significant, although short-lived improvement of the indices of intrahepatic circulation (by the rheohepatographic criteria). By itself complamine failed to influence the pancreatic secretion of amylase, lipase, and trypsin, but regularly intensified the stimulating action of pancreosimine on the pancreatic secretion of the enzymes in the patients with diabetes. In addition to the known influence of complamine on the circulation in the lower limbs of the patients with diabetes mellitus, information presented in the given work widened the circle of indications to the therapeutic use of complamine in patients with diabetes mellitus with disturbances of intrahepatic hemodynamics and the enzyme-secretory insufficiency of the pancreas. Complamine should be administered after meals at the period of the greatest release of the endogenous pancreosimine, for the intensification of the pancreatic enzymes secretion.
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PMID:[Effect of Complamin on the intrahepatic blood flow and pancreatic secretion of enzymes in diabetes mellitus]. 34 35

The three major phases in the secretory process in the exocrine pancreas (synthesis, intracellular transport, zymogen discharge) have been tested in vitro after changing circulating insulin levels in rats in vivo. One group of rats received a continuous infusion of glucose for periods up to 72 hours, which keeps blood glucose levels above 200 mg/100 ml and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) raised to 130 muU/ml. As a result of this treatment, amylase content in the pancreas increases by 25% while chymotrypsinogen and lipase show a comparable decrease. The rate of total protein synthesis increased by 40% after 48 hours of infusion. The basal and carbamylcholine stimulated discharge of newly synthesized proteins are not altered. The baseline discharge of amylase is increased significantly, while the discharge of lipase and chymotrypsinogen decreased below control levels. Similar results are obtained, if circulating insulin levels are raised by the application of glibenblamide (HB419) for a period of 24 hours. Protein synthesis increases by 26.5% and baseline discharge of amylase by 50%. In chronic alloxan diabetic animals the alteration of the exocrine pancreatic function depends on the severity of the diabetes and relates to circulating insulin levels. Animals with highest blood glucose levels and low or undetectable insulin concentrations show a disappearance of amylase from the exocrine pancreas and a depression of the rate of protein synthesis by 30%. The results suggest a direct effect of insulin on protein biosynthesis and zymogen discharge, most pronounced for amylase.
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PMID:Regulation of exocrine pancreatic secretory process by insulin in vivo. 80 10

A new automated potentiometric method for the determination of colipase was developed, taking advantage of the reactivation of purified lipase, in the presence of bile salt and at pH 6.5. High-fat and high-starch diets induced an opposite regulation of lipase and amylase in the rat pancreas. At the same time, the level of colipase was not influenced by nutrition. During fasting and in alloxan diabetes, the specific activity of lipase almost doubled, that of amylase decreased sharply, and colipase was not affected in the rat pancreas. In obese-hyperglycemic mice, suffering from obesity, hyperinsulinism, and moderate diabetes, there was also no regulation of pancreatic colipase. Thus, at variance with a number of hydrolases, there was no dietary or hormonal adaptation of colipase. However, this was probably without any bearing on intraluminal lipolysis. Indeed, comparison of lipase and colipase activities in pancreas and in small intestine suggests that colipase concentration is not a limiting factor of intraluminal lipolysis. The molecular mechanism of this assumption is discussed on the basis of in vitro studies.
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PMID:Lack of adaptation of pancreatic colipase in rats and mice. 84 20

Under conditions of stimulation with pancreozymine (in doses of 1.5 and 0.5 Units/kg), a specific stimulant of the enzyme secretion of the pancreas, there occurred a significant fall of the concentration and of the amount of lipase and trypsin in the duodenal contents of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus for over 5 years (20 investigations) in comparison with the indices in 14 healthy persons. No disturbances of amylase secretion were found in diabetes. Proceeding from the evidence on the role played by calcium and cyclic 3'--5'-adenosinmonophosphate in the regulation of the external pancreatic secretion the effect of calcium gluconate and euphylline was tested; they appeared to be effective stimulants of pancreatic secretion of the enzymes in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Use of pancreozymin for detection of pancreatic enzyme-secreting insufficiency in diabetic patients and selection of methods of treatment]. 93 82


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