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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the Gynecology Department Split's General Medical hospital, during the period of 5 years (1975-1979) examinations were carried out on primiparas (10775 up to the age of 29, then 504 between the ages of 30-34, and 250 older then 35). These patients had pregnancy complications (EPH-gestosis and diabetes mellitus), premature delivery, birth of children with less then 2500 grams, overcarriage, obstetrical intervention (forceps, vacuum extraction, caesarian) section and perinal mortality and morbidity. Premature delivery and the birth of children lighter then 2500 grams is significantly increased between the ages of 30-34, and still increasing after the age of 35. The frequency of EPH--gestosis is increased between the ages of 30 and 34 and still increasing after the age of 35. The significant increase of diabetes in pregnancy becomes evident after the age of 35. Deliveries ended by an operation become very frequent between the ages of 30-34, significantly increasing after the age of 35 (vacuum extraction and caesarean). Perinal morbidity and mortality are significantly increased after the age of 35. The Author's conclusion is that older primiparas are those women who are expecting their first child after the age of 35. Primiparas between the ages of 30-34, because of the higher rate of fetal injury, should be shown more attention in the perinal period.
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PMID:[Labor in the older primipara]. 689 Jan 30

For the prediction of fetal lung maturity the palmitin stearic acid quotient (P/S ratio) was obtained by amniocentesis from 83 amniotic fluid samples of normal pregnancies, between the 28th and 40th week of pregnancy. This ratio was compared with the surface characteristics of the amniotic fluid in the Wilhelmy balance. A significant correlation was established between these two methods (correlation ellipsis r = 0.82, p < 0.01). The P/S ratio curve showed a marked increase during the 32nd and 36th week of pregnancy, indicating lung maturity. The P/S > 3 value usually reached during the 35th week of pregnancy indicates lung maturity. During the same time amniotic fluid samples were also obtained by amniocentesis from 37 complicated pregnancies. The surface tension as well as the P/S ratio were compared with the already established normal curves. A deceleration was found in cases of rhesusincompatibility and diabetes mellitus. In patients with EPH-gestosis and placental insufficiency only a slight acceleration towards the end of pregnancy was observed. Statistical proof of these trends was not feasible due to the limited number of patients in each group. Comparing the two methods regarding the predictability of pulmonary function in infants, the P/S ratio showed a larger number of false positive findings than the surface tension measurement method. Both methods produced an equal number of false negatives. Optimum results can be obtained by combining P/S ratio and surface tension measurements. This procedure is prognostically accurate in more than 96% of all cases.
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PMID:[Evaluation of P/S ratio and surface-tension measurements in amniotic fluid for prediction of pulmonary fetal maturity (author's transl)]. 693 51

To assess the effectiveness of the Pritikin program of diet and exercise for treating patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), data were obtained from 60 patients who completed the 26-day residential program. Of the 23 patients who were taking oral hypoglycemic agents upon entry, all but 2 were off medication by the end of the program. Of the 17 patients who were taking insulin, all but 4 were off medication at discharge. Two of the four had their insulin reduced by 50% while the remaining two had no major change in their insulin dosage. Fasting blood glucose was reduced from 194.9 +/- 10.1 to 144.6 +/- 7.1 mg/dl. Serum cholesterol was reduced from 225.4 +/- 5.7 to 181.7 +/- 4.9 mg/dl while triglycerides were reduced from 283.7 +/- 28.8 to 186.2 +/- 11.6 mg/dl. The group as a whole lost an average of 4.3 kg/body wt and achieved 40.5% of their desired weight loss. Maximum work capacity increased from 5.6 +/- 0.3 to 7.9 +/- 0.4 METs, while daily walking increased from 11.7 +/- 2.4 to 102.8 +/- 4.8 min/day. The decrease in fasting glucose was not correlated with weight loss (r = 0.24), increase in walking time (r = 0.00), or increase in MET capacity (r = 0.05). We conclude that the total program is an effective means for treating NIDDM patients. We also feel that the high-complex-carbohydrate, high-fiber, low-fat diet is of primary importance.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Response of non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients to an intensive program of diet and exercise. 715 52

Of 27.978 newborns delivered at the University Hospital Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Beogradu, from 1978 to 1980, 2218 (7.92%) were born by cesarean sections. Clinical-biochemical and morphological elements of hypoxic and ischemic CNS lesions were found in 107 (4.82%) cases out of the infants born by cesarean section and in 1301 (5.05%) cases out of the infants born by vaginal delivery. The difference is not statistically significant. Investigations of the causes, i. e. risk factors of CNS lesions in infants born by cesarean section, in correlation with the control group consisting of 670 cesarean sections performed in 1980 without CNS lesions, have revealed: a) high risk factor (p less than 0.01) appeared to involve parity (para III and more), maternal diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, EPH gestosis), placenta praevia, premature rupture of the membranes, prematurity birth weight below 2500 g, and low Apgar score (1-7); b) significant risk factors (p less than 0.05) are some social factors (unemployed mothers and mothers from rural areas), duration of labor (more than 10 hours), transverse presentation, hydramnion, previous spontaneous abortions and stillbirths. The analysis has shown that CNS lesions in infants born by cesarean section may result from different factors; medical, biological, and social.
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PMID:[Analysis of causes of CNS damages in neonates delivered by cesarean section (author's transl)]. 734 21

The polyethylene-glicol (P.E.G.) precipitation assay was used to examine the sera of 91 pregnant women, 30 with normal pregnancies, 16 with EPH-Gestosis, 20 with pregnancy complicated by diabetes and 25 with case histories of recurrent abortions, in order to find evidence of eventual circulating immune complexes (C.I.C.). We also examined 30 amniotic fluids from normal pregnant women and 6 from pregnant women with diabetes. Several sera and all amniotic fluids were also examined by rheumatoid factor (RF) - inhibition test. C.I.C. were not discovered in the normal pregnant women neither in their sera nor in their amniotic fluids, while they were found in the following cases: in 8 patients with EPH-Gestosis (50%), in 8 with diabetes (40%) and in 3 with anamnesis positive for recurrent abortions (12%). The 6 amniotic fluid samples from women with diabetes were all negative. We were only able to examine 11 of the 19 positive cases from 4 days to 5 months after delivery and C.I.C. were absent in the sera of all the patients.
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PMID:Immune complexes in the sera and amniotic fluids of human pregnancy. 740 Sep 17

The authors have dosed by radioimmunoassay the rT3 concentrations in the amniotic fluid of 12 normal pregnant women and of 25 women with high risk pregnancies at the same period of gestation. The average of the rT3 concentrations in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women affected by diabetes mellitus, EPH gestosis and with foetal growth, retardation, are not different from those found in the control group. In the patients affected by Rh isoimmunization, the rT3 levels are remarkably higher than those found in the control group. The rT3 highest levels found in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women affected by Rh isoimmunization could be due. 1) to a decreased transformation of rT3 in rT2 for an accentuated alteration of the sulphydryl groups: 2) to a need of blocking the pathway's conversion of T4 in T3 (hormone with great catabolic effect) in these foetuses already presenting an accentuated catabolism for the chronic hemolytic enemy and for the severe hepatic alterations.
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PMID:Amniotic fluid reverse triiodothyronine in normal and high risk pregnancies. 747 56

OBJECTIVE--To determine and compare the abilities of various anthropometric measurements to predict the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in Pima Indian men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--A total of 290 male and 443 female Pima Indians were followed for up to 6 years for the development of NIDDM. A proportional hazards analysis was used to assess the ability of anthropometric measurements evaluated at baseline to predict NIDDM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare individual variables in predicting NIDDM. RESULTS--In separate models controlled for age and sex, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, thigh circumference, waist-to-thigh ratio (WTR), weight, and percentage body fat (PBF) estimated by bioelectric resistance each predicted NIDDM, which developed in 30 men and 52 women. The highest incidence rate ratios (IRRs; for 1 SD of a variable) were for WTR in men and for PBF in women, although the confidence interval (CI) for PBF was wide. In stepwise analyses, WTR was the most significant predictor in men (IRR for 1 SD = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.20-2.07), and BMI was the most significant predictor in women (IRR for 1 SD = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.29-2.11). However, by ROC analyses, thigh circumference was the only variable significantly worse than WTR in men or BMI in women at predicting NIDDM. CONCLUSIONS-- Measurements such as waist circumference, WTR, weight, and BMI may be useful as more complicated measurements, such as PBF by bioelectrical resistance, for identifying groups of individuals whose body habitus places them at high risk of developing NIDDM.
Diabetes Care 1995 Apr
PMID:Comparison of body size measurements as predictors of NIDDM in Pima Indians. 749 50

To develop a model somatic gene therapy system for diabetes, a human hepatoma cell line (HEP G2) was transfected with a mammalian expression vector carrying the full-length human insulin cDNA. More proinsulin than insulin was released daily by the stably transformed cell line (HEP G2ins). However, on acute stimulation with 5mM 8-Br-cAMP and 10mM theophylline the HEP G2ins cells released predominantly insulin into the medium. The cells did not secrete insulin in response to glucose. Examination of acid-ethanol extracts confirmed insulin was preferentially being stored. Immunohistochemical analysis of the cells also showed (pro)insulin was being stored. Electron microscopy revealed large membrane-bound vacuoles, containing electron-dense material, which were not seen in control cells. Glucokinase activity and albumin secretion of the transfectants were unaltered from the controls. Five-minute pulse-chase labelling of the HEP G2ins cells with 3H-leucine confirmed insulin synthesis in the presence of 20mM glucose and 5mM 8-Br-cAMP. A dose-response curve for insulin synthesis was also generated to increasing concentrations of glucose with a half Vmax of 4.9mM. Our results show that the introduction of insulin cDNA into a human hepatoma cell line results in synthesis, storage and acute regulated insulin release and lend credence to the possibility of engineering a liver cell to secrete insulin acutely in response to physiological stimuli.
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PMID:Functional expression of the human insulin gene in a human hepatoma cell line (HEP G2). 761 54

Pheochromocytoma, although rare, is associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality if not recognized. A high degree of suspicion in patients with new-onset hypertension; hypertension with sudden worsening or development of diabetes mellitus; or a family history of MEN, neuroectodermal tumors, or simple pheochromocytoma should prompt biochemical confirmation with either 24-hour urine catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) or total MET (NMET plus MET). Following confirmation of the diagnosis, radiologic studies with CT and (if needed) MIBG are employed to localize the tumor. Surgical removal is the only definitive therapy. Medical management with alpha-blocking agents, to control symptoms and prevent a hypertensive crisis, is generally advocated for 2 weeks preoperatively and intraoperatively. Occasionally, beta-blockers, employed only after adequate alpha-blockade, are necessary to control tachycardia and tachyarrhythmias. High-dose MIBG and combination chemotherapy have been used adjunctively to treat malignant pheochromocytoma, although neither modality provides lasting satisfactory results. Normal urine assays performed 2 weeks postoperatively ensure the complete removal of all tumor. Additionally, lifelong follow-up (yearly initially) is necessary to detect any signs of benign recurrence or malignancy because these have been reported to occur as long as 41 years after the initial surgical resection. Biochemical evidence of excess catecholamine production usually precedes the clinical manifestations of catecholamine excess when these tumors recur.
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PMID:Pheochromocytoma. Update on diagnosis, localization, and management. 780 88

It has been shown that in contrast to peripheral fat, visceral fat is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. In this study, we investigated whether dexfenfluramine (dF), a compound known to decrease body fat, affects fat mass differentially in various regions of the body. We used a moderately obese rat model fed a high-fat diet (40% fat). After 35 days on the diet, rats were divided into three groups: a dF-treated group ([D]2.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally twice daily), a pair-fed group (Cp), and a control group (C) fed ad libitum. C and Cp rats were injected with saline. After 4 weeks of treatment, body fat, fat cell morphology, and metabolism were determined in subcutaneous (inguinal [ING]) and visceral (retroperitoneal [RET] and mesenteric [MES]) fat tissues. Food intake in D and Cp rats was similar, and was lower than in the C group. In comparison to Cp and C rats, D rats had lower body weight and body fat, smaller ING and RET fat pad weights, and smaller fat cell size in all depots. No significant differences were observed in fat mobilization between groups; however, fat accumulation tended to be lower in D rats. These data suggest that dF has an effect on adipose tissue independent of its effect on food intake. However, this effect seems to occur without regional specificity.
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PMID:Effect of dexfenfluramine on fat mass distribution in a high-fat rat model. 786 34


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