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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Regionally selective and time-dependent variations were observed in the activity of brain aspartate aminotransferase at early phases of diabetes. Malate dehydrogenase activity showed an opposite pattern of changes in soluble and particulate fractions of cerebral hemispheres and brain stem, with cerebellum showing consistent increase in the activity. The activity of both the enzymes increased significantly in liver, in contrast to heart where malate dehydrogenase activity decreased in particulate fraction. Insulin treatment to diabetic animals restored the enzymes to near control levels at early stages of diabetes, except in liver. The results indicate that malate-aspartate shuttle is probably stimulated under diabetic conditions to enable glycolysis to continue and ATP levels to be restored partially, particularly in cerebellum and liver.
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PMID:Malate-aspartate shuttle enzymes in rat brain regions, liver and heart during alloxan diabetes and insulin replacement. 391 Apr 26

One hundred and forty-one randomly selected surgical patients, aged 35 years or over, were studied preoperatively, followed through their operative procedures, and reassessed during the first post-operative week for evidence of myocardial ischaemia associated with surgical operations under general anaesthesia. Of these patients 38% were found to have preoperative clinical evidence of heart disease, hypertension, or diabetes; 45% had abnormal preoperative E.C.G. patterns.Three patients experienced myocardial infarction during or within 36 hours of operation, all of the occult type; all were in the preoperative abnormal groups. Non-specific postoperative E.C.G. changes were equally common in the groups of patients with normal or abnormal preoperative electrocardiograms.A relationship existed between a rise in serum lactic dehydrogenase (L.D.H.) concentration and the field of the operation, but the diagnosis of infarction was not confused provided serum L.D.H. isoenzyme patterns and a rise in serum aspartate aminotransferase (S.G.O.T.) levels were consistent with the diagnosis.
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PMID:Myocardial infarction following surgical operations. 572 23

Serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase levels were measured in 41 Nigerians (24 males and 17 females) aged 15-59 years (mean 41.7 years) with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus and without any previous history or physical findings of liver diseases; and in 41 healthy controls matched with the diabetics for age and sex. Twenty-six diabetics (63.4%) had raised GGT compared to three controls (7.3%). Fifteen diabetics (36.6%) had elevated alkaline phosphatase compared to one control (2.4%). Only three diabetics (7.3%) had elevated transaminase levels. The bilirubin was normal in both the diabetics and controls. The high incidence of raised GGT in the diabetics without physical findings of liver diseases suggest that many Nigerian diabetics may have latent or subclinical liver disorders. Such disorders may play an important role in the aetiology of diabetes in Nigeria or modify the natural history of coexisting diabetes. A common aetiological factor may also be responsible for the coexistence of the liver disorders and diabetes in these patients.
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PMID:Raised gamma glutamyl transferase in Nigerian diabetics: possible clinical implications. 614 19

As part of a six-month prospective study of the effects of neonatal thymectomy in the spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rat, activities of the following enzymes were determined: alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and UDP-galactosyltransferase (UDPG). In prediabetics, AP and LDH levels were higher than in sham-operated, non-diabetic controls; however, this increase was seen in nearly all diabetes-prone BB rats, diminishing the usefulness of these changes in discerning potential diabetics from asymptomatic, diabetes-prone rats. After onset of the syndrome, there was a striking elevation of AP values in all diabetics with no similar alteration in asymptomatic, diabetes-prone rats suggesting this was a diabetes-related phenomenon. By contrast, UDPG was the only enzyme to decrease immediately following the onset of the syndrome. Both UDPG and AP levels correlated with blood glucose, the former negatively and the latter positively, suggesting a close relationship with changes occurring after onset of the syndrome. The remaining enzymes increased only in a portion of diabetics alone (GOT, GPT) or in a portion of both diabetics and asymptomatic, diabetes-prone BB rats (LDH, CPK).
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PMID:Serum enzymes in the BB rat before and after onset of the overt diabetic syndrome. 643 99

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and laboratory data of 1154 patients with biopsy-proven CAH observed in 12 Italian referral liver units. The data obtained at the time of hospitalization were recorded and computerized. The data were analyzed for the presence or absence of HBsAg, sex, classes of age and three different degrees of the histological severity of CAH (mild, severe, with cirrhosis). HBsAg was present in 700 patients (61%). As compared with HBsAg negative patients HBsAg positive patients were younger, showed higher values of aminotransferases, were more frequent males and less frequently showed histological evidence of cirrhosis and associated diseases (diabetes, peptic ulcer and biliary stones). Patients younger than 15 years showed higher AST and lower gammaglobulins levels than patients in other age classes. Moreover, both in HBsAg positive and HBsAg negative CAH, patients with cirrhosis were older than patients without histological evidence of cirrhosis.
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PMID:Chronic active hepatitis in Italy: a multicentric study on clinical and laboratory data of 1154 cases. A report from the study group for CAH of the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 662 2

The effects of a high fat diet (30% (w/w) corn oil) on chronic streptozotocin-diabetic rats were investigated at the whole body level and at the enzyme level. The diet caused significant decreases in the extent of polydipsia (66% decrease), polyphagia (49%), polyuria (67%) and glycosuria (70%). The activities of selected hepatic enzymes from the glycolytic, gluconeogenic, ureogenic and lipogenic clusters were determined. The fat diet caused significant decreases (range: 47 to 54%) in the activity of the ureogenic enzymes carbamyl phosphate synthetase, ornithine transcarbamylase and arginase; had no effect on the glycolytic enzymes glucokinase, hexokinase and pyruvate kinase; partially decreased the diabetes-induced elevated activities of the gluconeogenic enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (63% decrease), serine dehydratase (90%), alanine aminotransferase (31%) and aspartate aminotransferase (65%), and partially reversed the activity of one lipogenic enzyme, ATP citrate lyase.
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PMID:The effects of a high fat diet on chronic streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 692 68

Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue hexokinase II is a promising candidate gene for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and insulin resistance. Therefore, we investigated the association of alleles at four polymorphic loci in this gene with NIDDM and insulin resistance in 110 Finnish diabetic patients with NIDDM and in 97 Finnish control subjects with normal glucose tolerance and a negative family history of diabetes. The four polymorphic nucleotide substitutions (silent) in the coding region of the hexokinase II gene were: GAC 251 GAT (exon 7), AAC 692 AAT and CCG 736 CCC (exon 15), and CTG 766 CTA (exon 16). Allele frequencies of each of these polymorphisms did not differ between patients with NIDDM and control subjects. In addition, subjects who were homozygous for the less frequent allele of each of the four polymorphisms had a similar degree of insulin resistance, as determined by the euglycaemic clamp technique, as did the subjects who were homozygous for the common allele in both control subjects and in patients with NIDDM. In conclusion, polymorphisms in the hexokinase II gene are not associated with the risk of NIDDM or insulin resistance in the Finnish population.
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PMID:Polymorphisms of the human hexokinase II gene: lack of association with NIDDM and insulin resistance. 748 47

Overproportional GLDH-increase was found to be the most frequently appearing pathological enzyme pattern in canine practice. Thus it could be shown that GLDH deviates, in spite of its mitochondrial localization and greater molecular weight, more frequently and to a higher degree from its reference value than the parameters ALT, AST, AP, GGT and Bilirubin. The results of the study suggest that the liberation of the enzyme is less determined by the intensity than by the intralobular target of the liver insult. Therefore an increase in GLDH-activity should no longer be interpreted as the result of severe liver damage. On the contrary, the enzyme appeared to be the most sensitive indicator for the diagnosis of primary and secondary hepatopathies. The phenomenon of isolated GLDH-increase could be interpreted in almost every disease group as an appearance of the over-proportional increase and can therefore be understood as a serological expression of a slight, perivenous liver affection. Only with effusion patients the enzyme pattern should be regarded as an independent finding, because it has extrahepatic reasons. The induction of the enzyme in cases of diabetes mellitus is discussed.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of glutamate dehydrogenase determination in the dog]. 771 55

Hexokinase II (HKII) is the predominant hexokinase isozyme expressed in insulin-responsive tissues. Since defects involving glucose transport and/or its phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate are present in muscle of insulin-resistant humans, HKII should be viewed as a candidate gene for inherited insulin resistance and susceptibility to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). To investigate the prevalence of potential mutations in the gene encoding HKII, we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify each of the 18 exons of the HKII gene from genomic DNA derived from 59 subjects: 25 insulin-resistant probands with clinical features of the type A syndrome and 34 NIDDM subjects enrolled in the United Kingdom Prospective Study of Therapies of NIDDM (UKPDS) who represented the highest percentile of fasting hyperinsulinemia in the UKPDS population of 5,098 subjects. PCR products corresponding to individual HKII exons derived from each subject were screened for the presence of nucleotide variation using a sensitive nonradioactive single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) protocol. Variant SSCP patterns indicative of genetic variation were detected only in PCR amplimers containing exons 4-7, 10, 15, and 17. Direct sequencing of amplified DNA from individuals affected with variant SSCP patterns revealed the presence of the following silent polymorphisms: Asp251 (GAT/C) in exon 7 and Asn692 (AAT/C) in exon 15. SSCP variants detected in PCR products containing exons 5, 10, and 17 were due to single base substitutions in flanking intronic sequences. A polymorphic GGA repeat was identified within intron 5.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1995 Mar
PMID:Analysis of the hexokinase II gene in subjects with insulin resistance and NIDDM and detection of a Gln142-->His substitution. 788 22

Experimental diabetes was induced in 4 wethers of the Mutton Merino breed by intravenous injection of alloxan (75 mg.kg-1) in order to determine its impact on plasma glucose, immunoreactive insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate (D-3-HB), bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) as well as on the changes of these parameters brought about by an intravenous infusion of sodium n-butyrate (1 mmol.kg-1). Alloxan administration caused a significant elevation of plasma glucose, FFA, triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, D-3-HB and bilirubin and a decrease of the level of immunoreactive insulin. The increase in glucose level brought about by a bolus injection of sodium n-butyrate in untreated sheep did not appear in alloxanized animals. Thus, it is suggested that the lack of hyperglycaemic response in diabetic sheep was due to the absence of liver glycogen stores. Unexpectedly in alloxan-diabetic sheep, a decrease in the plasma level of FFA occurred after the administration of sodium n-butyrate. Therefore, it may be assumed that beside insulin other factors may contribute to the decrease of FFA under these conditions.
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PMID:Acute metabolic and hormonal effects of intravenously administered sodium n-butyrate in untreated and alloxan-diabetic sheep. 821 52


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