Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diabetes mellitus is satisfactorily controlled in the rat by hepatic implantation of isolated, isologous pancreatic islets. The transplanted islets appear to be viable for at least 6 months after implantation, and hepatic function studies (serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, prothrombin time) and microscopic examination indicate that they do not interfere with hepatic function.
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PMID:Effect of intrahepatically implanted islets of Langerhans on hepatic function in the rat. 12 72

Of 101 consecutive hospitalised diabetic patients, 29 had elevated serum enzyme activities attributable to recognized clinical entities; 17% of the remainder had raised alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, 15% had raised aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) activity, and 12% raised lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in serum. Ketoacidosis and death within 3 months were commoner among patients with elevated serum enzyme activities than among those with normal enzymes. Study of 200 consecutive new untreated diabetics when first seen at an out-patient clinic revealed 15 with clinically explainable abnormal serum enzyme activities. Of the remainder, 11% had raised AP activity, 12% raised GOT activity, and 21% raised LDH activity in serum; these patients tended to have higher blood sugar concentrations than the subjects with normal serum enzymes. These abnormalities seem to be an intrinsic feature of diabetes mellitus which do not relate to duration, complications, or treatment of the disease. They do not seem to be directly related to hepatic involvement.
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PMID:Elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase activity and related enzymes in diabetes mellitus. 83 29

Four overlapping DNA fragments spanning 32 kb containing the human GLUT4 facilitative glucose-transporter gene were isolated and characterized. The sequence of the GLUT4 gene (approximately 6.3 kb) and 2.0 kb of the promoter region was determined. The sequence of the promoter revealed potential binding sites for transcription factors known to regulate gene expression in muscle cells and adipocytes. However, transfection of constructs including 2 kb of the GLUT4 promoter fused to the bacterial CAT gene into 3T3-L1 adipocytes displayed only weak promoter activity. Because insulin resistance plays a prominent role in the development of NIDDM, genetic variation in the sequence of GLUT4 also was evaluated. Oligonucleotide primer pairs were selected that allowed the protein-coding region of the human GLUT4 gene to be amplified by PCR. The sequence of the protein-coding region of the GLUT4 gene and all intron-exon junctions was determined for a single diabetic Pima Indian and was identical to that of the cloned gene and cDNA. SSCP analysis was used to screen patients with diabetes mellitus and normal, healthy nondiabetic individuals for mutations at the GLUT4 locus. In addition to the silent substitution in the codon for Asn130 (AAC or AAT) and a Val383 (GTC)-->Ile(ATC) replacement described previously, two new variants were identified. One was a T-->A substitution in intron 1 that was found in 1 of 36 NIDDM patients who were typed for this variant. The second was a Ile385(ATT)-->Thr(ACT) replacement that occurred in 1 normal individual and was not found in any of 676 other normal and diabetic subjects. A large and racially diverse group of normal and diabetic individuals also was screened for the Ile383 polymorphism. It occurred in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. There is no indication from our data that these polymorphisms are associated with NIDDM.
Diabetes 1992 Nov
PMID:Human GLUT4/muscle-fat glucose-transporter gene. Characterization and genetic variation. 139 19

The objective of this study was to determine the probabilities of specific morbid events or death among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated by hemodialysis. A prospective cohort study was performed between March 1988 and September 1989 in 18 hemodialysis centers in 13 Canadian cities, representing about one third of the hemodialysis population in Canada. The inception cohort consisted of 496 patients entering hemodialysis who had survived 1 month. The few new hemodialysis patients who received erythropoietin (EPO) in the last 3 months of the study were excluded. Survival curves were compared using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Older age and history of cardiovascular disease were independently associated with a greater probability of death. Age and history of cardiovascular disease were also associated with a greater probability of nonfatal circulatory events (myocardial infarction, angina requiring hospitalization, or stroke), while a serum albumin level less than or equal to 30 g/L (3.0 g dL) was associated with an increased probability of pulmonary edema. The probability of surviving 12 months without receiving a blood transfusion was 47.2% for males and 27.5% for females. The incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis, as estimated by unexplained elevations in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values, was not different between patients receiving and not receiving blood transfusions. The probability of hospitalization for any cause was greater for patients with grafts for vascular access than for those with fistulae, for those with a history of cardiovascular disease, for those with a serum albumin level less than or equal to 30 g/L, and for those with renal disease due to diabetes or vascular disease. Hospitalization due to circulatory disease was more likely among those with a history of cardiovascular disease and among those with a lower serum albumin level. Hospitalization for infectious disease was more likely among those with a lower serum albumin level and less likely among those with a fistula for vascular access. Among all patients receiving hemodialysis treatment for more than 6 months, there were 14.8 hospital days per year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Canadian Hemodialysis Morbidity Study. 155 66

We investigated the prevalence of mutations in the gene encoding the major insulin-responsive facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT4) in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). All 11 exons of the GLUT4 gene from 30 British white subjects with NIDDM were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and screened for nucleotide sequence variation using the single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method. No variation between the study subjects was detected in exons 1-3, 4b-8, and 10. Variant SSCP patterns were detected in exons 4a and 9. SSCP variation in exon 4a was revealed by direct nucleotide sequencing to be due to a common silent polymorphism (AAC----AAT at Asn130). One NIDDM patient demonstrated a variant SSCP pattern in exon 9. This was caused by a point mutation (GTC----ATC) at codon 383, which leads to the conservative substitution of isoleucine for valine in the putative fifth extracellular loop of the transporter. Allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization was used to examine the frequency of this mutation in 240 Welsh white subjects (160 with NIDDM and 80 controls). The Val----Ile383 mutation was found in the heterozygous state in two diabetic subjects and no control subjects. We conclude that mutations of the GLUT4 coding sequence are very uncommon in this population of subjects with typical NIDDM. Determining whether the Ile383 GLUT4 variant present in 3 diabetic subjects contributes in any way to their disease will require further study.
Diabetes 1991 Dec
PMID:Molecular scanning of insulin-responsive glucose transporter (GLUT4) gene in NIDDM subjects. 175 12

The beneficial effects of conventional long treatment on declining renal function in diabetic nephropathy (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) were evaluated retrospectively. One hundred NIDDM patients with overt proteinuria were followed for more than three years. Clinical data before and after various regimens of treatment were compared statistically. Treatment included a calcium antagonist (CaA), alpha-methyl dopa (AMD), an alpha-blocker (ABL), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), anti-platelet agents (APL), essential amino acids (EAA), and an oral absorbent (AST-120). Changes in renal function were analyzed by comparing the degree of slopes of regression rate of the reciprocals of serum creatinine levels (R1/Cr). Administration of ACEI and EAA resulted in R1/Cr improvement after the initiation of treatment (p less than 0.05). It appears that the administration of EAA and ACEI are beneficial with regard to protection against renal failure in NIDDM patients with diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:Ameliorating effects of conventional therapy on declining renal function in patients with diabetic nephropathy. 181 52

The poor survival rate of patients with extrahepatic bile duct tumors is well documented. Over the course of 4 years, we treated a white woman with diabetes diagnosed with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the common bile duct with six injections of dihematoporphyrin ether followed by seven photodynamic therapy treatments to the biliary duct. As of July 1989, the patient was still alive, was not jaundiced, and had a Karnofsky performance status of 70. No changes occurred in any blood chemistry value from the time of injection to the time of photodynamic therapy. Of the transient elevations of some blood chemistry values and the white blood cell count, which occurred within 24 to 48 hours after photodynamic therapy, only those of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and amylase were significant.
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PMID:Photodynamic therapy to treat tumors of the extrahepatic biliary ducts. A case report. 182 76

Data were obtained and analyzed in 229 patients admitted to the coronary care unit from November 1988 through July 1989. The patients were classified into 2 groups: patients without or with only mild left ventricular failure (Killip class I or II) during their hospital stay (group I), and patients who were in Killip class I or II on admission but developed cardiogenic shock during hospitalization (group II). Discriminant function analysis was performed using the following variables: patients' age, history of previous myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, blood lactate, urea, creatinine, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase concentrations, and chest x-ray cardiothoracic ratio. Variables that were found to significantly discriminate the 2 groups of patients were age, previous infarction, x-ray cardiothoracic ratio, blood urea and lactate concentrations. The risk index was computed, and blood lactate was the variable with the greatest predictive power for shock development. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of the risk index, taking various cutoff points, were calculated. With a cutoff value of 1, sensitivity was 65%, specificity 91%, positive predictive value 36% and negative predictive value 97%. With a cutoff value of 2, sensitivity was 53%, specificity 99%, positive predictive value 82% and negative predictive value 96%.
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PMID:Usefulness of blood lactate as a predictor of shock development in acute myocardial infarction. 200 Jul 87

The purpose of our study was to determine if streptozotocin induced diabetes (SID) in rats produces alterations in hepatic function, as described in poorly controlled diabetic patients, and if islet transplantation (islet-Tx) would subsequently ameliorate this status. Hepatocellular dysfunction was evaluated by the aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) and the alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) activities in plasma. For the evaluation of cholestasis the plasma alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity was used. These determinations were performed in normal, SID, SID with Islet-Tx, and SID Wistar rats with sham-Tx. Also, glucose was measured in plasma samples, as well as histological studies of the liver were performed. More than 1,000 isogeneic islets (islet-Tx group) or non viable insular tissue (sham-Tx group) were transplanted via mesenteric ileal vein three weeks after SID. The results showed that SID in rats produces alterations in the hepatic function as well as in the structure of the hepatocytes, and the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism by islet transplantation restores normal hepatic function and morphology.
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PMID:Normalization of the altered liver function tests after islet transplantation in diabetic rats. 226 34

We measured aminotransferase activity and vitamin B6 content in the livers of diabetic mice. Two different types of mice were used for the measurements, spontaneously non-obese diabetic (NOD) or alloxan-induced diabetic (Allo) mice, and control mice were either non-diabetic NOD or Institute of Cancer Research (ICR). The liver of diabetic mice had more aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity than those of normal mice. The diabetic livers also had more vitamin B6 than did normal livers, and pyridoxamine (PM) levels were particularly high but pyridoxal (PL) levels were not. ICR livers showed hepatic alanine aminotransferase activities inversely correlated with blood glucose concentrations, while diabetic livers did not. The abundance of AST and B6 in the diabetic liver is consistent with the great need for gluconeogenic substrate there. This is understandable in that most aminotransferases require B6 vitamins, and especially the correlation between s-AST and PM levels was recognized in the diabetic liver. Conversely, the AST and PM levels were negatively correlated in normal mice. A metabolic shift towards gluconeogenesis apparently produces more B6 and PM while it induced holo-AST synthesis.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract
PMID:Changes on levels of B6 vitamin and aminotransferase in the liver of diabetic animals. 237 34


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