Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The BB rat spontaneously develops a diabetic state that closely resembles human type I diabetes. The authors studied the pathologic changes of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium of four normal and nine diabetic BB rats using (1) light and electron microscopy with the horseradish peroxidase tracer technique, and (2) trypsin digest preparations of the retinal vessels. They observed a retinal pigment epitheliopathy characterized by (1) derangement of the plasmalemma infoldings; (2) patchy organelle degeneration leading to focal necrosis; (3) increased permeability to horseradish peroxidase; and (4) repair of the pigment epithelium. Focal thickening of the retinal vascular basement membrane was seen occasionally, but the trypsin digest preparations were unremarkable. These studies suggest that diabetic retinal pigment epitheliopathy may be one of the early changes of diabetic retinopathy and may provide a pathogenetic mechanism for early disruption of the blood-retinal barrier.
 ...
PMID:Pathologic studies of the blood--retinal barrier in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat. 669 48

Prolongation of rat pancreatic islet allograft survival by a prior 7-day period of tissue culture was demonstrated, confirming previous reports by others. We then sought to identity those cells in islets capable of stimulating allograft rejection (Ia antigen-bearing cells) and to determine whether such cells and/or their Ia antigens might be reduced by tissue culture. Freshly isolated and 7-day-cultured Wistar-Furth rat islets were incubated with a mouse anti-rat Ia nonpolymorphic monoclonal antibody, then with peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse antibody, and processed for electron microscopy. Peroxidase (Ia)-positive lymphocytes, macrophages, and capillary endothelial cells were identified in fresh but not in cultured islets. A radioligand assay, using 125I-protein A, revealed a 45% decrease in binding of Ia antibody to cultured compared with fresh islet cells. We conclude that Ia antigen-bearing lymphocytes, macrophages, and capillary endothelial cells in rat islets are reduced by tissue culture and that this may account, at least in part, for the decreased immunogenicity of cultured islet allografts.
Diabetes 1982 Aug
PMID:Tissue culture reduces Ia antigen-bearing cells in rat islets and prolongs islet allograft survival. 681 64

Ninety-six spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rats were maintained for their natural life span and, at death, were autopsied together with 86 age-and sex-matched non-diabetic BB control rats. A 15% incidence of abdominal B cell lymphoproliferative lesions was documented in the diabetic rats compared with 1% incidence in the non-diabetic rats (p less than 0.005). The B cell lymphoproliferative process included minute mesenteric and omental aggregates of plasma cells and small lymphocytes (one rat), atypical partially fibrotic lymphoproliferative mesenteric nodules (three rats), and malignant lymphoma with features of immunoblastic sarcoma (eight rats) or plasma cell lymphoma (two rats). Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin was demonstrated in two of the four lymphomas examined by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, thus confirming their B cell derivation. The striking incidence of B cell lymphoproliferation in this diabetic population is additional evidence of altered immunity in this animal model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
 ...
PMID:B cell lymphoproliferation in spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rats. 698 84

The incorporation of radioactively labeled leucine into TCA-precipitable proteins by submandibular gland tissue slices from control, alloxan diabetic, and insulin supplemented diabetic rats was measured in vitro. Incorporation decreased in alloxan diabetes and could be restored to control levels within three hours after insulin administration. The effects of alloxan diabetes and insulin on 3H-leucine incorporation paralleled their effects on a secretory enzyme, peroxidase. Insulin in vitro stimulated the incorporation of 3H-leucine within 15 minutes of addition to the incubation medium. Further, the response to insulin was found to be dose-related. The conclusion drawn from these results is that insulin has a rapid, direct effect on the rate of protein synthesis in the rat submandibular gland.
 ...
PMID:The effect of alloxan diabetes and insulin on the rate of protein synthesis in the rat submandibular gland. 698 29

125I-insulin was prepared by reacting 17.4 nmol porcine insulin (100 micrograms) with 5 mCi 125I (about 2.4 nmol) using the lactoperoxidase method. The reaction product was subjected to gel electrophoresis and the band containing A14 [125I]monoiodoinsulin was eluted. This preparation showed a specific activity of about 1.5 Ci/mumol as evaluated by radioimmunoassay and bioassay, i.e., about 75% of the theoretical maximum. The content of radioactive derivatives other than A14 monoiodoinsulin was less than 2%. The binding affinity of tracer A14 monoiodoinsulin to adipocytes, hepatocytes, and cultured human lymphocytes was twice as high as that of A19 monoiodoinsulin. Binding to antibodies was examined to 10 guinea pig anti-insulin sera. Three sera did not distinguish between the two tracers, whereas seven exhibited higher binding of the A14 tracer. A detailed analysis of one of the discriminating sera showed that the average affinity constant was about 2.5 times lower for the A19 tracer than for the A14 tracer. The A14 monoiodoinsulin tracer is remarkably stable. After 200 days the specific activity had declined to about half of its original value which is consistent with the hypothesis that the physical decay of [125I]monoiodoinsulin (T 1/2 equals 60 days) extinguishes the activity of the molecule without causing major damage of other molecules. By this time 96% of the radioactivity migrated with insulin when subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, 4% was in the void volume, and nothing in the total column volume or later. Binding to receptors was indistinguishable from that obtained at time zero. It is concluded that Tyr A14[125I]monoiodoinsulin represents an advance in biologic work as compared with previous tracers for insulin.
Diabetes 1981 Jan
PMID:Tyrosine A14[125I]monoiodoinsulin: Preparation, Biologic Properties, and long-term stability. 701 99

In the islets of the rat pancreas, steroid diabetes induced by triamcinolon-acetonid leads to degranulation of the B cells and glycogen infiltration. The glycogen cannot be satisfactorily detected using methods like the chromic acid technique according to Bauer, staining with Best's carmine, or the usually applied periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction. Glycogen detection is improved, however, when lead tetraacetate is used in place of periodic acid as oxidizing agent. When combining the carbohydrate detection method with the peroxidase--antiperoxidase (PAP) method used for immunocytochemical detection of the various pancreatic islet hormones, paraffin sections reveal that glycogen is primarily localized in granulated B cells; the degranulated B cells also contain glycogen, though in smaller amounts. In contrast, the islet cells containing somatostatin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide are nearly free of glycogen.
 ...
PMID:Glycogen in pancreatic islets of steroid diabetic rats. Carbohydrate histochemical detection and localization using an immunocytochemical technique. 703 7

The lipid peroxidation and (of the peroxide metabolism enzymes) the catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were determined in red blood cell haemolysates from 20-35-year-old human diabetics of both sexes. The results were compared with the values for normal controls from the same age group. The diabetic haemolysates displayed significantly higher glutathione peroxidase and significantly lower superoxide dismutase activities. The lipid peroxidation too was significantly higher in the diabetic haemolysates. Diabetes was induced with alloxan or streptozotocin in rats, and the enzyme activities of the blood and organ homogenates were similarly compared; in these cases the total peroxidase activity. In experimental diabetes the previously-observed phenomenon of oxidative stress was confirmed; this may serve as a logical explanation for the occurrence of the later diabetic damage.
 ...
PMID:The effect of diabetes on the activities of the peroxide metabolism enzymes. 706

Rats with experimental diabetes (induced by streptozocin [Streptozotocin]) were studied by vitreous fluorophotometry and horseradish peroxidase tracer technique. Vitreous fluorescein sodium concentration notably increased four to eight days after a single dose of streptozocin. No leakage from the retinal vasculature could be demonstrated by the horseradish peroxidase tracer study, but three types of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) lesions were observed. The RPE lesions seemed to be partially responsible for the increase of vitreous fluorescein concentration.
 ...
PMID:Clinicopathologic study of blood-retinal barrier in experimental diabetes mellitus. 743 40

The authors investigated the influence of Zn upon glycemy and certain REDOX parametres within the hepatic tissue. The experiment was performed on young Wistar rats with AD, to which Zn sulfate was administered. The values of the antioxidating enzymes: cathalasis and peroxidase decrease in the diabetes' hepatic tissue. The therapy with Zn remakes their activities and increases glutathione synthesis. The Zn protecting effect in lipidic peroxidating process also acts upon hepatocyte membrane, fact illustrated by the decrease of LDH in the plasma of the animals treated with Zn.
 ...
PMID:The relation zinc-lipidic peroxidation in experimental diabetes mellitus. 758 28

Using horseradish peroxidase- or alkaline phosphatase-conjugated secondary antibodies, an immunohistochemical assay was established for the detection of islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies (ICA). Determination of end-point titers showed a significant correlation between the conventional immunofluorescence and either immunocytochemistry assay. The assays with the enzyme-conjugated antibodies were more sensitive than the indirect immunofluorescence assay. Because of its simplicity, specificity, and easy microscopic evaluation of the chromogenic reaction product at the site of ICA binding, the indirect immunoperoxidase technique proved to be most suitable. This technique detected frequencies of ICA positives among newly diagnosed insulin-dependent (IDDM), noninsulin-dependent, and at-risk subjects that were comparable with previous studies. Preabsorption of ICA-positive sera with either rat or porcine brain extracts, containing the glutamate decarboxylase antigen, differently blocked, reduced or did not affect ICA reactivity with human or porcine pancreas sections. Testing of sera on human, bovine, and porcine pancreas sections demonstrated heterogeneity in ICA-binding with a high proportion of ICA false-positives on bovine pancreas. The results demonstrated that immunohistochemical techniques for detecting ICA are, in several aspects, preferable to indirect immunofluorescence and that individual serum ICA identify various antigens on pancreas from different species. However, bovine or porcine pancreas could not substitute for human pancreas in the ICA assay.
Diabetes Res 1994
PMID:The detection of autoantibodies to pancreatic islet cells by immunoenzyme histochemistry. 764 77


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>