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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vivo response of parotid glands to adrenergic, cholinergic, and peptidergic agonists was studied in control, streptozotocin- (one month's duration), and insulin-treated (three hr) diabetic rats. Neither diabetes nor insulin had an effect on the response to physalaemin. In contrast, physalaemin threshold-dose was lower and maximal response greater in control rats placed on a bulk diet. As previously described, diabetes resulted in nonparallel changes in parotid protein composition, including a production in amylase and an increase in peroxidase concentrations (mg/mg protein). In contrast to the results observed with physalaemin, response to methacholine was significantly reduced in diabetic animals, and could be restored to control levels by insulin. Placement of animals on a bulk-diet, however, had no effect on threshold response to methacholine. Finally, response threshold for epinephrine was unaffected by diabetes, insulin, or bulk diet. Thus, insulin appears, directly and specifically, to alter the response of parotid acinar cells to cholinergic stimulation.
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PMID:Parotid gland function in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 244 17

Six early developmental stages of the rabbit pancreas were selected, viz. the embryonic ages 10 days 10 hours, 10 days 18 hours, 11 days 14 hours, 13 days, 15 days, and 18 days. Both non-immunological (histologic-tinctorial features, including argyrophilia, and transmission electron microscopy) and immunohistochemical (the indirect immunofluorescence and/or the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase procedure) methods were used to follow the time-course for the appearance and differentiation of both endocrine (islet) cells and exocrine acinar epithelium. The immunological procedures were, however, limited to the 3 later developmental stages. In the first 3 developmental stages only the dorsal anlage of the pancreas could be found. It was just investigated ultrastructurally. Then, a few parenchymal cells were observed, equipped with secretory granules of endocrine type, indicating that an early differentiation of islet cells had already begun. In the later 3 developmental stages a ventral pancreas anlage was present and at least 2 types of argyrophil islet cells, equipped with secretory granules, were observed. In the pancreas anlage of 13-day-old embryos these early endocrine cells were found to be glucagon-immunoreactive. At the developmental age of 15 days argyrophil insulin-immunoreactive cells were also present, and in the 18-day-old embryos a few somatostatin cells could occasionally be discovered, too. No PP cells were found. Any exocrine acinar differentiation (with zymogen granules) was not observed until at the developmental age of 18 days.
Diabetes Res 1987 Jul
PMID:Ontogeny of the pancreatic islet parenchymal cells in the rabbit--an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study with particular regard to the earliest appearance of argyrophil insulin-immunoreactive cells. 244 80

We examined the clinical usefulness determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by reaction with peroxidase-coupled lectins using urinary glycoproteins for diabetic nephropathy in 20 patients with diabetes mellitus. Lectins used were Triticum vulgaris (WGA), Phaseolus vulgaris (PHA-E4), Dolichos biflorus (DBA), and Lens culinaris (LCA), which have high affinity for beta 1----4N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc beta 1----4GlcNAc), N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc), alpha-galactosamine (alpha-GalNAc), and alpha-mannose (alpha-Man) residues, respectively. Electrophoretic patterns of urinary glycoproteins clearly showed the presence of lectin-reactive glycoproteins with molecular weights lower than that of albumin. The molecular weight of the main bands reacted with WGA, PHA-E4 or LCA were 50,000 and 38,000, and increased with the progress of diabetic nephropathy. WGA reacted strongly with many glycoproteins having a wide range of molecular weights. LCA and PHA-E4 reacted preferentially with glycoproteins of molecular weights glycoproteins of molecular weights lower than 50,000, but no reaction was observed by DBA. These results suggest that low molecular urinary glycoproteins have abundant carbohydrate residues such as GlcNAc beta 1----4GlcNAc, GalNAc, and alpha-Man. The excretion of low molecular weight glycoproteins with high affinities for some lectins suggests functional impairment in diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:[Electrophoretic analysis of urinary glycoproteins in diabetic nephropathy using peroxidase-lectins]. 248 79

Data on the function of neutrophils in diabetes mellitus not infrequently accompanied by inflammatory complications are scarce. The aim of this work is to investigate the state of some components of neutrophil granules (cationic proteins, activity of myeloperoxidase, alkaline phosphatase) that play a major role in the mechanisms of destruction of microorganisms in phagocytosis.
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PMID:[The activity of cationic proteins, peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase in the blood neutrophils of diabetics]. 255 45

In an attempt to clarify the mechanism(s) of increased susceptibility to oral infection in diabetics, we examined the levels of salivary antibacterial factors, including lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, and lactoferrin, in diabetic hamsters whose condition was induced with streptozotocin. Saliva was collected from these hamsters periodically for 19 weeks after the administration of streptozotocin. Diabetes persisted with significant hyperglycemia throughout the experiment after a single injection of streptozotocin. There was no significant difference between groups in the amount of saliva secreted. In diabetic hamsters, lysozyme activity decreased by 56% and lactoperoxidase activity decreased by 53% compared with the control hamsters 19 weeks after the administration of streptozotocin. There was no significant difference between groups in the amount of salivary lactoferrin. However, the ratio of lactoferrin to total protein increased to approximately double the amount of that of the control hamsters. Insulin treatment had a significant effect on lysozyme and lactoperoxidase activity, recovering 73 and 74% those of the controls, respectively, and the ratio of lactoferrin to total salivary protein reverted to normal values. Growth inhibition of Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 with whole saliva and amylase activity significantly decreased in diabetic hamsters. The position of each protein band of whole saliva on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was almost the same for control and diabetic hamsters; however, there was some variability in band intensity.
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PMID:Levels of salivary lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, and lactoferrin in diabetic hamsters. 258 Jul 90

Cytochemical indices of leukocytes were determined in 16 patients with diabetes mellitus in the period of unbalancing and balancing. The following tests were made: content of glycogen and lipids, acid phosphatase (AP), alkaline phosphatase (AIP), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nonspecific alpha-naphtol acetate esterase (NANAE) activity. In unbalanced diabetics an evident decrease in the activity of AP and MPO could be noted as well as a decrease of glycogen content and an increase of lipid content. An insignificant decrease could be observed in the activity of ALP and NANAE in granulocytes. A slight increase in the activity of NANAE in monocytes would be found. Balancing this disease induced the increase of all parameters in granulocytes except MPO activity. It is interesting to note that balancing diabetes mellitus deepened the observed changes in the decrease or increase of tested parameters. The presented findings clearly indicate the role of metabolic disorders in diabetes mellitus on the activity of some neutrophilic enzymes and the glycogen and the content of lipids in neutrophils.
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PMID:Cytochemical indices of leukocytes in patients with diabetes mellitus. 258 66

A deceased 59-year-old woman with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic thyroiditis and chronic hepatitis was autopsied. She had had diabetes mellitus since she was 30 years old, and insulin therapy was started at 34 years. Laboratory findings were as follows: s-GOT 85, s-GPT 31, gamma-globulin 2.45 g/dl. Immunological tests were positive for anti-smooth muscle antibody and anti-ENA antibody with high titers of antithyroglobulin and anti-microsome antibodies. HLA analysis revealed the presence of DR-4. The thyroid biopsy specimen showed microscopic features characteristic of chronic thyroiditis at 52 years of age. She had been repeatedly admitted for the control of diabetes mellitus. She was admitted for the 9th time in June, 1987 following complaints of abdominal pain. After admission, her general condition became gradually worse, and she died of peritonitis in September, 1987. Pathological examination of the liver revealed an expansion of fibrous tissue on Glisson's capsule accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration and was diagnosed to be chronic inactive hepatitis. As for the thyroid gland, fibrous tissue replaced an extensive area of the thyroid gland, and normal thyroid tissue was not observed. Lymphocytic infiltration was less in comparison with that in the previous biopsy. As for the pancreas, atrophy of exocrine pancreatic tissue and fibrous change in interstitial tissue was observed. Lymphocytic infiltration was also seen in the interstitial exocrine tissue but not in the islet. Immunohistochemical examination of the islets using anti-insulin, glucagon and somatostatin antibodies by ABC peroxidase method showed the selective disappearance of B cells in the islets. The pathological changes in the thyroid gland, liver and pancreas suggest that autoimmune mechanism may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic thyroiditis, chronic hepatitis and IDDM with exocrine pancreatic impairment in this case.
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PMID:[An autopsied case of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic thyroiditis and chronic hepatitis]. 259 7

The injection of 25 mg/kg i.p. cyclosporin (CsA) for 3 wk caused marked functional and morphological deteriorations of pancreatic islet cells in Wistar rats that were prevented by the combined administration of p-aminobenzoic acid-N-D-mannoside sodium salt (K-MAP). In this article, the toxic effect of CsA on pancreatic islet cells and the preventive effect of K-MAP on CsA-associated islet cell toxicity were investigated. Prolonged hyperglycemia and depressed insulin secretion after the glucose challenge observed in CsA-treated rats could be prevented by the combined administration of 300 and 900 mg/kg K-MAP. Cytoplasmic vacuolizations and a decrease in the number of mitochondria, intact endoplasmic reticula, secretory granules, and insulin-positive cells, as revealed by peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining, could also be prevented by the administration of 900 mg/kg K-MAP. This preventive effect of K-MAP on CsA-associated islet cell toxicity may suggest the combined use of K-MAP with CsA in pancreas transplantation and treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes.
Diabetes 1989 Jan
PMID:Modulation of prostaglandin metabolism by K-MAP and prevention of toxic effect of cyclosporin on pancreatic islet cells. 264 33

We described previously the morphologic alterations of the visceral endodermal yolk sac cells of rat conceptuses cultured under hyperglycemic conditions which occurred concomitantly with major embryonic malformations. To determine whether the transport function of the yolk sac was impaired simultaneously as a result of these hyperglycemic conditions, horseradish peroxidase was used as a tracer protein to assess the transport function of the visceral endodermal yolk sac cells of conceptuses cultured in both control and hyperglycemic media. Cellular uptake of peroxidase, which was added to the culture medium for 3 or 24 hours, was observed in controls. This differed from the marked diminution in peroxidase uptake seen in conceptuses cultured in hyperglycemic medium. These results demonstrate that during hyperglycemia-induced embryopathy, there is concomitant yolk sac failure evidenced by morphologic alterations and impaired endocytosis. These findings therefore strengthen our hypothesis that diabetes-related malformations, as demonstrated experimentally in rat conceptuses, are associated with impairment in the structure and functions of the visceral yolk sac cells during a critical period of organogenesis.
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PMID:Yolk sac failure in embryopathy due to hyperglycemia: horseradish peroxidase uptake in the assessment of yolk sac function. 281 53

MPO activity is critical for optimal microbicidal activity of normal PMNs. In the absence of MPO, auxiliary mechanisms protect most MPO-deficient hosts from clinically significant sequelae, except for some persons with diabetes mellitus who suffer severe candidal disease. However, given our limited knowledge of the clinical impact of MPO deficiency, histochemical staining of peripheral blood smears or MPO activity of isolated leukocytes should be assessed in patients with unexplained fungal disease or with suspected impaired host defenses. Recently isolated cDNA probes provide important tools for dissecting the molecular and cell biology underlying hereditary MPO deficiency and the link between MPO gene expression and myeloid differentiation.
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PMID:Myeloperoxidase deficiency. 283 Nov 85


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