Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The importance of peptides as therapeutics has been recognized since they were found responsible for a wide variety of biological functions. The recent approval of peptide drugs such as Byetta (Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), Fuzeon (Hoffman-LaRoche Inc.), Integrelin (CDR Therapeutics, Inc.), Natrecor (SCIOS Inc.), Symlin (Amylin), Teriparatide, and Ziconotide, etc., which demonstrated applications for treatment of such problems as bone metabolism disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, viral infections and severe chronic pain control, has further endorsed the growing interest in peptides as a potential drug. This growing trend for peptide drugs has drawn our attention for their production in a cost-effective manner. To do so, the improvement in the quality of crude peptides during synthesis, the most critical parameter in the process, is important to prevent yield losses during the more expensive purification step. To accomplish it, we decided to examine the efficacy of the commonly used nucleophilic base piperidine and non-neucleophilic base DBU (1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene) for the complete removal of Fmoc group during the synthesis of peptides. According to our investigation, application of piperidine was found more effective than DBU in solid phase synthesis. Details of the investigation will be discussed.
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PMID:A comparative examination of two Fmoc removal reagents for process improvement to produce peptide drugs. 1940 Mar 24

Livestock animals have made a significant contribution to human health and well-being throughout humankind's history. A significant contribution of farm animals to human health are the longstanding use of bovine and porcine for production of insulin (for treatment of diabetes), gelatin (for pharmaceutical and other purposes), as well as horse and sheep antibody against natural venoms, toxins, drugs and microbial peptides. Gelatin being the biggest animal protein consumed in human health, follows with antibodies fragments. The chronic problem of animal-derived therapeutics, especially those of high molecular weight, is the immunogenicity induction in addition to their biosafety. However, the invertebrates and lower vertebrates donate the human being a several crucial emergency saving life small-peptides or their analogs such as Refludan, Prialt, Exendin. Not only, but the farm animals are enormously using as models for novel surgical strategies, testing of biodegradable implants and sources of tissue replacements, such as skin and heart valves. Recently, they are being harnessing as bioreactor for production of biopharmaceutical related products through gene farming with efficiency far greater than any conventional microbial or cell-culture production systems. Only 16 transgenic cows would be covering the worldwide needs from human growth hormone. The transgenic, especially animal, technology would be solving a several biopharmaceutical products disadvantages, such as cost, biosafety, immunogenicity and the availability dimensions.
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PMID:Animal-derived pharmaceutical proteins. 1959 Oct 41