Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate the significance of fructose-induced protein modification, we examined both fructose- and glucose-induced protein oxidation and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) in vitro. Albumin incubated in the presence of 100 mM fructose at 37 degrees C for 1 week showed 5.1-fold and 3.1-fold increases in the content of carbonyl, which is a marker for oxidized protein, when compared with either control incubated without sugar or with 100 mM glucose. Similarly, the same incubation with fructose increased the fluorescence intensity over 100-fold and 15-fold formation compared with that of no sugar and glucose controls, respectively. Both fructose-induced fluorescence and protein oxidation were almost completely suppressed in the presence of the iron chelator; deferoxamine (100 microM), the hydroxyl radical scavenger; MK-447 (1 mM), or aminoguanidine (200 mM), which is an inhibitor of AGE formation. In contrast, the fructose-induced formation of fluorescent albumin was potentiated in the presence of 100 microM FeCl2. This was completely inhibited in the presence of 60 microM or more deferoxamine. These results suggest that fructose promotes both AGE formation and protein oxidation possibly through the formation of hydroxyl radicals.
J Diabetes Complications
PMID:Significance of fructose-induced protein oxidation and formation of advanced glycation end product. 759 53

In this study the effects of filter-type (Millipore and Whatman No. 54), albumin and insulin at physiological and non-physiological concentrations (12000, 1200, 600, 480, and 300 pM) on D-3-hydroxybutyrate (D-3-HB) utilization and oxidation and acetoacetate production by the isolated nonworking perfused heart from normal and diabetic (4-week) rats was investigated. The use of Whatman No. 54 paper filter to filter the perfusate, in contrast to Millipore filter (0.4 mm) porisity, resulted in the elevation of the rates of utilization and oxidation of D-3-HB and had no effect on acetoacetate production in hearts from normal or diabetic (4-week) rats. Albumin inhibited the utilization and oxidation of D-3-HB, suppressed the percentage of D-3-HB oxidation, increased the percentage of acetoacetate production and had no effect on acetoacetate production in hearts from normal or diabetic rats. Regardless of the filter type and the presence or absence of albumin, the utilization and oxidation of D-3-HB are inhibited and no effect on acetoacetate production was observed in hearts from diabetic rats. Insulin at physiological and non-physiological concentrations in the presence of albumin affects the metabolism of D-3-HB; the stimulations of D-3-HB utilization averaged 32% and 46% in hearts from normal and diabetic rats respectively. The stimulation of D-3-HB oxidation averaged 40% and 60% in hearts from normal and diabetic rats respectively. The D-3-HB utilization and oxidation rates were higher in the hearts isolated from normal rats. No effect of insulin on the rate of acetoacetate production in hearts from normal or diabetic rats was observed, with the exception of an insulin concentration of 1200 pM; there was a 54% reduction in hearts from normal rats. Insulin at 12000 pM had no effect on D-3-HB utilization and oxidation and acetoacetate production in hearts from normal or diabetic rats when perfused using Whatman paper filters in the absence of albumin, but it enhanced the utilization and oxidation of D-3-HB when Millipore paper filters were used.
Diabetes Res 1994
PMID:The effects of chronic diabetes and physiological insulin concentration on ketone bodies metabolism in the heart. 767 54

The reactive vascular-injuring amino acid homocysteine was previously shown to be increased in plasma in diabetic patients with clinical signs of nephropathy. In this study, plasma homocysteine was measured in type 1 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (n = 22), microalbuminuria (n = 40) and proteinuria (n = 14) in order to investigate whether plasma homocysteine levels are increased already at the stage of incipient nephropathy, i.e. microalbuminuria. Furthermore, patients were characterized according to the degree of retinopathy. Plasma homocysteine in the whole population (n = 76) was related to B-Folate (r = 0.38, p < 0.01), S-Creatinine (r = 0.55, p < 0.001), S-Urea (r = 0.37, p < 0.01), U-Albumin (r = 0.46, p < 0.001), urinary N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase (r = 0.40, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.36, p < 0.01) and diabetes duration (r = 0.44, p < 0.001). There were no differences in plasma homocysteine levels between patients with normoalbuminuria (8.0 +/- 1.7 mumol l-1; mean +/- SD) and those with microalbuminuria (9.1 +/- 3.4 mumol l-1). However, patients with clinical signs of nephropathy had higher plasma homocysteine levels (12.9 +/- 5.7 mumol l-1, p < 0.01) compared to the other two groups. There was no association between plasma homocysteine levels and different degrees of retinopathy. Thus, the present study does not show any relation between plasma homocysteine levels and early stages of diabetic nephropathy or retinopathy indicating that elevated concentrations of plasma homocysteine does not explain the increased risk for atherosclerosis observed in patients with microalbuminuria.
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PMID:Lack of association between plasma homocysteine levels and microangiopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. 770 67

Blood rheology is altered in diabetes and also in non-diabetic pregnant women. The cumulative effect of hyperfiltration, abnormal rheology of pregnancy, and diabetes could be one mechanism contributing to increased intraglomerular pressure and albuminuria in diabetic pregnancy. We conducted a prospective study of 22 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and 22 non-diabetic women to determine if there was an association of altered blood rheology on glomerular function in diabetic pregnancy. Albumin excretion showed no increment with increasing gestation and was similar in diabetic and non-diabetic women throughout pregnancy (first trimester: 5.0 (3.0-14.0) vs 5.8 (3.7-10.7) mg l-1, p = 0.89; second trimester: 6.0 (5.0-12.0) vs 5.1 (3.6-10.4) mg l-1, p = 0.25; third trimester: 7.5 (3.5-16.0) vs 4.9 (2.9-7.3) mg l-1, p = 0.18). Red cell aggregation index increased in both groups between the first and third trimesters (diabetic patients: mean difference 2.0; Cl: 1.0-2.9, p = 0.003, and control patients: mean difference 2.3, Cl: 1.0-3.5, p = 0.002). Fibrinogen levels were significantly higher between the third and first trimesters in diabetic patients (mean difference 0.7, Cl: 0.2-1.3 g l-1, p = 0.006). Pregnancy, therefore, was associated with increased red cell aggregation, related in part to increased fibrinogen levels but the extent of change was similar in diabetic and nondiabetic women and appeared to have no adverse effect on glomerular function in pregnant insulin-dependent diabetic women.
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PMID:Blood rheology and albumin excretion in diabetic pregnancy. 771 4

Microalbuminuria is a risk marker for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Type 2 diabetes. We studied microalbuminuria among French Type 2 diabetic patients in general practice, because we set-up a trial using cardiovascular events as end-points. Two thousand twenty four volunteer patients were studied for Urinary Albumin Concentration (UAC) during outpatient visit to general practitioners. The UAC was measured on first samples. If UAC was positive (> or = 20 mg/l), a second sample was requested. If UAC was positive two times, persistently elevated UAC was identified (micro or macroalbuminuria). Clinical characteristic, cardiovascular antecedents and risk factors were studied. One hundred five first samples were excluded due to urinary infection; 1,217 others displayed normal UAC (< 20 mg/l); 63.4%; group N), 557 microalbuminuria (20-200 mg/l; 29.0%, group mu), and 145 others macroalbuminuria (> 200 mg/l; 7.6%; group M). Among subjects with positive first sample, 26.5% had persistent albuminuria. There was no intergroup difference for age, but males were more frequent in groups mu or M than N (p < 10(-4)). Blood pressure and body mass index varied between groups. Smokers and alcoholic subjects were more frequent in groups mu and M than N (p = 0.037 and p = 0.0003 respectively), as were cases with myocardial infarction (p = 0.0026), lower limb arteritis (p < 10(-4)), and laser-treated diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.0002). Antihypertensive treatments were taken by 61% of the subjects. Elevated UAC (micro or macroalbuminuria) is frequent among french Type 2 diabetic patients cared by their general practitioners, and is associated with a high cardiovascular risk profile.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Prevalence of microalbuminuria in French type 2 diabetics followed by their general practitioner]. 778 41

Microalbuminuria was determined in the urine of 6 diabetics who had been treated with Insulin for over 30 years an had a normal kidney function. The values gained by the radial immunodiffusion method (VLC--Partigen Albumin) range from 0.001 gr/l to 0.008 gr/l of albumins in the urine. These values are much below the risky ones (over 0.020 gr/l), which signalize the evolution to the macroproteinuria and the development of the diabetic nephropathy. Over 30 years duration of the insulin-dependent diabetes, with no macroproteinuria pretors on the expression of diabetic nephropathy. 5 locus which is known to have the influence on the intensity of the immunological response.
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PMID:[Microalbuminuria in diabetics treated with insulin for more than 30 years]. 786 28

Cardiovascular complications are the main cause of disability and deaths in insulin dependent diabetic patients. The main aim of the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study was to assess the prevalence of diabetes complications and of risk factors of these complications. In this study the data on cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in patients included in the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study--Krakow are presented. The study population included insulin dependent clinic attenders, aged 15-60 years, diagnosed before the age of 36 years. A random sample of up to 140 patients stratified by age, sex and duration of diabetes was chosen. Within each centre the study population consisted of all eligible IDDM patients living in a defined catchement area, who had attended the center at least once during the preceding 12 months. The studied sample included 120 patients (61 men and 59 women). Mean (sd) age of patients was 34.0 (9.6) years, mean duration of diabetes 14.2 (9.8) years, mean Hb A1c concentration 6.6 (1.5)%. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases was assessed using standardized questionnaire and resting electrocardiogram. Blood pressure was measured with "random zero" sphygmomanometer. Electrocardiogram was assessed according to Minnesota code. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were determined by enzymatic methods. Albumin excretion rate was determined in 24 hours urine collection. Albumin concentration was assayed by immunoturbidimetry. Cardiovascular diseases were observed in 8.3% of patients. Arterial hypertension (WHO dfn) was found in 11.7% of patients, systolic blood pressure > or = 140 mm Hg in 9.2% of patients and diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mm Hg in about 5% of men and 2% of women. Hypercholesterolemia (serum cholesterol > or = 6.5 mmol/l) was found in about 20% of patients, hypertriglyceridemia (serum triglyceride 2.2 mmol/1) in 16.4% of men and 10.2% of women. 41.0% of men and 28.8% of women were current cigarette smokers. Microalbuminuria (defined as albumin excretion rate 20-200 micrograms/min) was observed in 23% of men and 15.3% of women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Coronary risk factors in a group of patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus--examination of the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study Krakow]. 787 Nov 92

OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence of incipient and overt nephropathy in African-American subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) attending a hospital clinic. Contributory factors, such as blood pressure (BP), duration and age at onset of diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and body mass index (BMI) also were evaluated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We recruited 116 African-American subjects with NIDDM for this cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study. BP, BMI, 24-h urine albumin excretion, creatinine clearance, serum creatinine, lipids, and GHb levels were measured. Albumin excretion rate (AER) was calculated, and subjects were divided into three groups: no nephropathy (AER < 20 micrograms/min), incipient nephropathy (AER 20-200 micrograms/min), and overt nephropathy (AER > 200 micrograms/min). Frequency of hypertension and nephropathy was analyzed by chi 2 testing, group means were compared using analysis of variance, and linear correlations were performed between AER and other variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the association of these variables while controlling for the effects of other variables. RESULTS--Increased AER was present in 50% of our subjects; 31% had incipient and 19% had overt nephropathy. Hypertension was present in 72.4%; nephropathy, particularly overt nephropathy, was significantly more prevalent in the hypertensive group. Mean BP and diastolic blood pressure (dBP) were higher in the groups with incipient and overt nephropathy, and systolic blood pressure (sBP) was increased in overt nephropathy. Men with either form of nephropathy had higher sBP, dBP, and mean BP, whereas only women with overt nephropathy had increased sBP and mean BP. Subjects with incipient or overt nephropathy had a longer duration of diabetes, and those with overt nephropathy had a younger age at onset of diabetes. By multiple regression analysis, AER correlated with younger age at diabetes onset, but not with diabetes duration. No correlation with age, lipid levels, or GHb was noted. BMI correlated with AER. CONCLUSIONS--Incipient and overt nephropathy were observed frequently in these African-American subjects with NIDDM. Albuminuria correlated with BP, younger age at diabetes onset, and BMI. Association of albuminuria and increased cardiovascular mortality may place 50% of inner-city African-American patients with NIDDM at risk for developing cardiovascular complications.
Diabetes Care 1994 Apr
PMID:Incipient and overt diabetic nephropathy in African Americans with NIDDM. 802 85

Fifty-six type I diabetic patients with microalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate 20-200 micrograms/min) were characterized as to sex, age, duration of diabetes, smoking habits, blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, urinary NC1 (the carboxy-terminal domain of collagen IV), and Tamm-Horsfall protein excretion rate. Albumin excretion rate was considered a sign of glomerular damage, NC1 excretion rate a measure of renal basement membrane turnover, and Tamm-Horsfall protein excretion rate a marker for distal tubular function. There were no differences between males and females and between smokers and nonsmokers with respect to blood pressure, body-mass index, albumin excretion rate, glomerular filtration rate, excretion rate of NC1, and Tamm-Horsfall protein. As a group, the patients with microalbuminuria had normal glomerular filtration rate, excretion rate of NC1, and Tamm-Horsfall protein. The latter was influenced by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, especially so in patients with an albumin excretion rate less than the median value of 53.0 micrograms/min (r = -0.61, p < 0.01). Furthermore, both excretion rate of NC1 and Tamm-Horsfall protein were increased in patients with high glomerular filtration rate > or = 130 mL min-1 1.73 m-2). There was no association between glomerular filtration rate and HbA1c levels. As glomerular filtration rate is related to kidney size, these observations suggest that patients with a high glomerular filtration rate have an increased mass and turnover of tubular basement membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Diabetes Complications
PMID:Urinary excretion rate of NC1 and Tamm-Horsfall protein in the microalbuminuric type I diabetic patient. 806 50

Albumin-creatinine ration (ACR) has been correlated to increased morbidity and mortality in diabetic as well as in nondiabetic populations. We investigated the albumin-creatinine ratio in 898 randomly selected persons aged 30-50 years, 471 women and 424 men (year 0). ACR was remeasured 1 year later in 811 (90%) of these persons (year 1). This was done in the framework of a prospective, randomized, population-based intervention trial evaluating the effect of health test and health conversations in general practice. The mean age of the study population was 39.8 (range, 30-51) years with a mean body mass index of 24.3 (15.9-44.3) kg/m2. The 50th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of ACR were 0.6, 2.0, and 5.0 mg/mmol at year 0 and 0.5, 2.0, and 5.3 mg/mmol at year 1. There was no significant difference between ACR values at year 0 and year 1. ARC values were slightly higher in women than in men, 0.6, (0.2-20.4) mg/mmol versus 0.5 (0.2-16.3) mg/mmol (p < 0.001, median and range). Albumin concentrations were slightly higher in men than in women 8.0 (2.0-196.0) mg/mmol versus 6.5 (2.0-121.0) micrograms/mL, p < 0.001. The correlation between ACR values measured year 0 versus year 1 was 0.43, p < 0.001 (Spearman rho). The agreement from year 0 to year 1 between normal ACR values (< or = 2.5 mg/mmol) and abnormal values (> 2.5 mg/mmol) were 0.33 expressed by Cohen's kappa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Diabetes Complications
PMID:Repeated screening for albumin-creatinine ratio in an unselected population. The Ebeltoft Health Promotion Study, a randomized, population-based intervention trial on health test and health conversations with general practitioners. 808 49


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