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Risk factors for cardiovascular disease are commonly obtained in freshman medical students for the purpose of increasing interest and awareness in preventive cardiology. What would be a normal range of values for this select group? This paper describes the major cardiovascular risk factors for 3,811 male and female freshman medical students from eight U.S. medical schools that were obtained in a standardized fashion as part of the Preventive Cardiology Academic Award (PCAA) programs at these institutions. The distributions of height, weight, Quetelet index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are presented for male and female medical students stratified by race into white, black, Asian, and Hispanic groups. The sex and race distributions of cardiovascular risk factors such as previously diagnosed hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, lack of regular exercise (three times a week or more), oral contraceptive use in women, and family history of coronary heart disease are presented. The cardiovascular risk of freshman medical students is compared to other epidemiologic studies of young adults. The use and limitations of these race- and sex-specific data on cardiovascular risk, including physiologic measurements, are discussed in the context of educational programs for medical students and house staff in preventive cardiology.
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PMID:Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in U.S. medical students: the Preventive Cardiology Academic Award Collaborative Data Project. 238 8

The 3rd Annual Rachmiel Levine Symposium entitled "Advances in Islet Cell Biology-From Stem Cell Differentiation to Clinical Transplantation" was organized by the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism at the City of Hope National Medical Center, with the support of the Southern California Islet Cell Resources Center, American Diabetes Association-David Shapiro Research Fund, Ross Foundation, the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institutes of Health. The symposium was held at the Hilton Anaheim Hotel in Anaheim, CA, in October 2002, and was attended by nearly 400 participants from 23 countries and 30 U.S. states. The symposium consisted of 11 sessions focusing on 3 areas: (1) pancreas and islet cell differentiation and islet generation, (2) beta cell biology and insulin synthesis and/or secretion, and (3) pancreatic islet transplantation in patients with type I diabetes. Thirty-nine world experts lectured on the most current information in each field. Fifty-three abstracts were selected for presentation and discussed at the poster session. The first author of each of the top 10 posters received a Young Investigator Travel Award provided by the National Center for Research Resources and the Southern California Islet Cell Resources Center. The symposium also offered special Meet the Professor sessions, which gave the attendees an opportunity to closely interact with the participating speakers of the day.
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PMID:Advances in islet cell biology: from stem cell differentiation to clinical transplantation: conference report. 1450 43

Dr Hagit Eldar-Finkelman (Sackler School of Medicine, Israel) was interviewed by Emma Quigley (Commissioning Editor, Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets) on 16th February 2006. Born in Jerusalem, Dr Eldar-Finkelman received her BSc in Chemistry in 1984 and both her MSc in Physical Chemistry (1986) and PhD in Life Science (1993) from the Weizmann Institute of Science. She was a recipient of the British Council Award, which allowed her to conduct research in biological nuclear magnetic resonance at the University of Oxford in the laboratory of Professor George K Radda. Following postdoctoral work at the School of Medicine of the University of Washington with Nobel Laureate Professor Edwin G Krebs, she became an Assistant Professor in the Department of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. Dr Eldar-Finkelman joined the Sackler School of Medicine at Tel Aviv University in 1999. Dr Eldar-Finkelman's research focuses on the molecular mechanisms regulating the protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), and their implications in negative regulation of signalling pathways. In particular, her work aims to develop specific inhibitors for GSK-3 and to test their functions in vitro and in vivo, considering the concept that such inhibitors may be useful in insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. These studies provide a conceptual basis for development of GSK-3 inhibitors and may lead to design of small molecules for treatment of diabetes and or neurodegenerative disorders.
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PMID:Glycogen synthase kinase-3--a promising therapeutic target: Dr Hagit Eldar-Finkelman interviewed by Emma Quigley. 1654 69

The Nutrition Academic Award (NAA) was developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute with additional support from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The purpose of the NAA was to formally integrate nutrition education within the medical school curriculum. Twenty-one medical schools were funded by the NAA in 2 waves of 5 y each, beginning in 1998 for the 10 vanguard schools and ending in 2005 for the second wave. The organizational structure, goals, objectives, and results of the NAA are summarized. The overall strengths, challenges, and recommendations for future medical nutrition education efforts are also provided.
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PMID:The Nutrition Academic Award: brief history, overview, and legacy. 1660 Sep 51

The World Wide Web is a valuable source of nutrition and health information, but the time and effort required to take advantage of this resource may stand in the way of routine use in medical education and practice. The Nutrition Academic Award (NAA) has produced numerous examples of Web-based nutrition resources, including nutrition assessment tools, patient education materials, and presentations and curricula for professional education. The University of Wisconsin Medical Nutrition Handbook provides evidence-based nutrition care guides for common clinical problems, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, lipid disorders, and the metabolic syndrome. Incorporation of these resources into medical practice may increase the provision of effective nutrition care.
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PMID:Web-based resources for medical nutrition education. 1660 Sep 54

In 1993, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) passed The Revitalization Act (Subtitle B) which mandated that all NIH funded clinical trials have "appropriate representation" of minority and women subjects. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of the mandate by examining the reporting and inclusion of minority and female subjects into NIH K-Award funded clinical trials, addressing the minority predominant diagnoses of diabetes and clinical obesity. Using the CRISP search engine and PUBMED, we selected publications published by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) K-grant recipients during 1989-2004, associated with all the diabetes and obesity clinical trials. Studies were stratified into three timeline categories (1989-1993, pre-mandate; 1993-1996, post-mandate, and 1997-present, well past mandate) to evaluate trends in the recruiting of minorities and women before, during, and after the passing of the Revitalization Act. Of the 165 papers, only 37% disclosed race, a number that did not improve over time (p=.15), whereas 92% disclosed gender. Clinical trials that focused on females increased across the 3 timeframes (p < .001) for diabetes studies but not obesity studies. Overall, disclosure of race declined over the 3 timeframes whereas individually, the disclosure of African Americans improved.
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PMID:Gender, racial, and ethnic disclosure in NIH K-Award funded diabetes and obesity clinical trials. 1784 42

Dr. Gregg L. Semenza is recognized here as a Redox Pioneer because he has published three articles that have been cited more than 1,000 times, and 74 articles that have each been cited more than 100 times. Dr. Semenza is known for his seminal discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and for identifying molecular mechanisms underlying transcriptional responses to hypoxia. The discovery of HIF-1 is regarded as a fundamental breakthrough in understanding the molecular basis of O(2) sensing, and led to the identification of related transcriptional activators now known as the HIF family, which are the focus of many investigator's studies around the world. Understanding the molecular basis of cellular responses to hypoxia is of immense physiological significance and has tremendous implications for medicine. Compelling evidence now exists for the involvement of HIF-1 signaling in the progression of cancer, cardiovascular morbidities associated with aging and diabetes, and pulmonary vascular remodeling in response to chronic hypoxia. Dr. Semenza's findings have led to the development of inhibitors of the HIF-1 signaling pathway, which are currently being tested for treatment of cancer. He has received several honors for his scientific contributions, including the 2010 Gairdner Foundation International Award and election to the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
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PMID:Redox Pioneer: Professor Gregg L. Semenza. 2021

Dr. Hakim Djaballah is Director of the High-Throughput Screening (HTS) Core Facility at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), in New York City. He has several years of industrial experience in preclinical drug discovery, working in both pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. He has been involved in developing and screening antibacterials, antivirals, and antifungals, as well as identifying targets in various therapeutic areas, including diabetes, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, oncology, and inflammation. He obtained his B.S. in biochemistry with biotechnology from the University of Birmingham and completed his Ph.D. in biochemistry at the University of Leicester, both in England. He was recruited to MSKCC in 2003 to set up and direct the HTS Core Facility, a drug discovery laboratory involved in both chemical and RNAi screening. Dr. Djaballah was the recipient of the 2007 Robots and Vision User Recognition Award. Sponsored by the Robotic Industries Association and the Automated Imaging Association, the award is presented every 2 years to individuals in institutions that have successfully implemented robots in their work.
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PMID:An interview with Hakim Djaballah, Ph.D. Interview by Vicki Glaser. 2097 20

Martin G. Myers Jr., MD, PhD, received the American Diabetes Association's prestigious 2010 Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award at the Association's 70th Scientific Sessions in Orlando, Florida, on 28 June 2010. The Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award recognizes outstanding scientific achievement in the field of diabetes, taking into consideration independence of thought and originality. Currently the Marilyn H. Vincent Professor of Diabetes Research at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and Associate Professor in internal medicine and in molecular and integrative physiology at the University of Michigan Medical School, Dr. Myers began his impressive track record in diabetes research as a graduate student in the laboratory of Dr. Morris White at the Joslin Diabetes Center/Harvard Medical School. There, Dr. Myers deciphered many of the insulin signaling pathways engaged by insulin receptor substrate proteins. Following his graduation from the Harvard MD-PhD Program in 1997, Dr. Myers was promoted to instructor in medicine at the Joslin Diabetes Center/Harvard Medical School. He began his independent work by building a molecular framework for understanding the mechanisms of leptin signaling, including how individual phosphorylation sites on the leptin receptor recruit distinct signaling molecules. He was promoted to assistant professor at Harvard in 1999. In 2004, Dr. Myers moved to the University of Michigan, where he built upon the molecular framework of leptin signaling to probe the regulation of metabolism by individual leptin signals. Dr. Myers' laboratory revealed the specificity of leptin signals in metabolic control, including the role for leptin-STAT3 signaling in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis. His group also defined roles for leptin receptor feedback inhibition and hypothalamic mTor signaling in metabolism. Dr. Myers' laboratory has recently developed novel molecular approaches to elucidate the leptin-regulated brain circuits that contribute to metabolic control, enabling the discovery of novel brain systems and their functions. In 1998, Dr. Myers received the American Diabetes Association's Career Development Award for his scientific abilities. Dr. Myers' current support includes the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases MERIT Award.
Diabetes 2010 Nov
PMID:Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award Lecture 2010: deconstructing leptin: from signals to circuits. 2098 Apr 68

The Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement Award is the American Diabetes Association's highest scientific award and honors an individual who has made significant, long-term contributions to the understanding of diabetes, its treatment, and/or prevention. The award is named after Nobel Prize winner Sir Frederick Banting, who codiscovered insulin treatment for diabetes. Dr. Barbara E. Corkey received the American Diabetes Association's Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement at the Association's 71st Scientific Sessions, 24-28 June 2011, San Diego, California. She presented the Banting Lecture, "Hyperinsulinemia: Cause or Consequence?" on Sunday, 26 June 2011.
Diabetes 2012 Jan
PMID:Banting lecture 2011: hyperinsulinemia: cause or consequence? 2218 69


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