Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We conducted comparative studies on intracranial atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis over the past 28 years. Two-year consecutive autopsy case studies from an urban geriatric hospital between 1974-1975 (Group I. 484 cases). 1986-1987 (Group II, 504 cases) and 2000-2001 (Group III, 273 cases) were employed. Atherosclerotic changes of the bilateral middle cerebral arteries and basilar artery were semiquantitatively evaluated as none (0), mild (1), moderate (2) and severe (3) and values of the 3 arteries were totalled to give a value of 0-9 which was taken as the intracranial atherosclerotic index (ICAI). The coronary stenotic index was calculated as previously reported (Sugiura et al 1969). ICAI and CSI were directly compared with each other, together with risk factors for each, including mean blood pressure (BP), serum level of total cholesterol (Tch) and the history of diabetes mellitus (DM+). Chronologically ICAI decreased dramatically but CSI did not change at all. There was continuous lowering of BP, elevation of Tch and increased incidence of DM+. There was a significant positive correlation in BP in relation to both ICAI and CSI (p < 0.01). DM+ vs. CSI (p < 0.01) and ICAI (p < 0.05), and Tch vs. CSI (p < 0.01) but not ICAI. Regression analysis highlighted age and BP as major risk factors for ICAI. Our study provides the first morphological confirmation of marked decrease of the intracranial atherosclerosis in the recent 28 years, in contrast with unchanged coronary stenosis in Japanese elderly subjects.
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PMID:[Marked decrease of intracranial atherosclerosis in contrast with unchanged coronary artery stenosis in Japan]. 1282 79

The abnormal accumulation and deposition of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) are important causes of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The common anti-amyloid strategy employs inhibitors to prevent the formation of oligomers and the cytotoxicity caused by them, thus reducing the production of amyloid fibres. Therefore, the real characterization of the oligomers formed at the early stage of aggregation is crucial to understanding the structure of IAPP and the drug development of T2DM. For the first time, in this study, native cold-spray ionization mass spectrometry (CSI-MS) technology was employed to characterize the oligomers. It was found that CSI was more suitable for the determination of these unstable species compared to traditional ESI-MS. The ionic strengths, organic solvent and pH all had effects on the characterization of oligomers and the stability of protein conformation. The MS/MS experiments showed that odd-charge dimer ions were mainly composed of two monomer products. Moreover, a CSI-MS method for the rapid screening of IAPP-inhibitors was established and two of the most potential inhibitors (rutin and quercitrin) were screened from a series of flavonoids. Then, the structure-activity relationship and the mechanism between flavonoids and IAPP were studied. The results showed that 3-OH and sugar chains play a vital role and hydrogen bonds are the main binding force. We further confirmed that rutin and quercitrin could effectively inhibit the fibre formation of IAPP by fluorescence and TEM experiments. This study provides a new insight for analyzing the structure of IAPP and screening potential drugs for T2DM.
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PMID:Mechanism study on the abnormal accumulation and deposition of islet amyloid polypeptide by cold-spray ionization mass spectrometry. 3316 4