Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy-eight critically ill patients who died while on the neurosurgical service were studied retrospectively to establish the prevalence of nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma (NHHC). All the patients had been comatose before death, and all underwent necropsy. Criteria for the diagnosis of NHHC included moderate-to-severe hyperglycemia with glucosuria, absence of significant acetonuria, hyperosmolarity with dehydration, and neurological dysfunction. This study revealed seven cases of unequivocal NHHC (9%), and six of hyperosmolarity but with incomplete records. Five of the seven confirmed cases of NHHC demonstrated no evidence of cerebral edema transtentorial herniation, or brain-stem damage, and showed central nervous system (CNS) lesions compatible with survival. Fatal complications of this syndrome, such as acute renal failure, terminal arrhythmias, and vascular accidents, both cerebral and systemic, were common in this series. The mechanism of coma in NHHC is believed related to shifts of free water from the cerebral extravascular space to the hypertonic intravascular space, with subsequent intracellular dehydration, accumulation of metabolic products of glucose, and brain shrinkage. It is uncertain whether injury to specific areas in the CNS is a predisposing factor to the development of NHHC. Factors documented to be significant in its development include nonspecific stress to primary illnesses, hyperosmolar tube feedings, dehydration, diabetes and mannitol, Dilantin, or steroid administration.
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PMID:Nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma. Report of neurosurgical cases with a review of mechanisms and treatment. 125 32

This article explores the use of an argon laser to treat severe drug-induced gingival overgrowth. The patient was being treated with phenytoin (Dilantin, Parke-Davis), cyclosporine and a calcium channel blocker. He had undergone a kidney transplantation and had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. He had severe gingival overgrowth, which prevented him from wearing his removable prostheses, and a superimposed Candida albicans infection. An argon laser was used to excise the gingival overgrowth so new maxillary and mandibular prostheses could be fabricated.
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PMID:Case report. Use of an argon laser to treat drug-induced gingival overgrowth. 944 49

Gingival enlargement is common among patients and can be caused by a variety of etiological factors. The most common reason is poor oral hygiene and high bacterial load that leads to gingival inflammation and enlargement. Other implicated factors include systemic drugs, such as phenytoin (Dilantin) taken by epileptic patients, calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine (Procardia) and verapamil (Calan) for the treatment of hypertension, arrhythmia and angina. Another class of medication associated with gingival enlargement is immunosuppressive agents given to organ-transplant patients to prevent rejection of the new element such as cyclosporine. Some enlargements could be associated with other conditions such as puberty, pregnancy or diabetes or be a symptom of a systemic disease (leukemia, Wegener's granulomatosis or sarcoidosis). In rare cases the cause for the enlargement is genetic and termed hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF). HGF is a genetic disorder characterized by a progressive enlargement of the gingiva. Histologically, the gingiva is characterized by an accumulation of dense fibrous connective tissue. This is believed to be due to an imbalance between synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix composed mainly of collagen molecules or due to an alteration in fibroblast proliferation. Different pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed and examined over the years but no precise process has been identified. The main objective of this paper is to discuss this genetic anomaly and support it with clinical cases of a mother and her two children. It will focus on the clinical and histologic characteristics of HGF as well as known biologic and genetic features and treatment modalities.
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PMID:Gummy smile: could it be genetic? Hereditary gingival fibromatosis. 2287 May 49

Gingival enlargement is common among patients and can be caused by a variety of etiological factors. The most common reason is poor oral hygiene and high bacterial load that leads to gingival inflammation and enlargement. Other implicated factors include systemic drugs, such as Phenytoin (Dilantin) taken by epileptic patients, Calcium Channel Blockers such as Nifedipine (Procardia) and Verapamil (Calan) for the treatment of hypertension, arrhythmia and angina. Another class of medication associated with gingival enlargement is immunosuppressive agents given to organ-transplant patients to prevent rejection of the new element, such as Cyclosporine. Some enlargements could be associated with other conditions such as puberty, pregnancy or diabetes or be a symptom of a systemic disease (leukemia, Wegener's granulomatosis or sarcoidosis). In rare cases the cause for the enlargement is genetic and termed Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis (HGF). HGF is a genetic disorder characterized by a progressive enlargement of the gingiva. Histologically, the gingiva is characterized by an accumulation of dense fibrous connective tissue. This is believed to be due to an imbalance between synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix composed mainly of collagen molecules or due to an alteration in fibroblast proliferation. Different pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed and examined over the years but no precise process has been identified. The main objective of this paper is to discuss this genetic anomaly and support it with clinical cases of a mother and her two children. It will focus on the clinical and histologic characteristics of HGF as well as known biologic and genetic features and treatment modalities.
 ...
PMID:Gummy smile: could it be genetic? Hereditary gingival fibromatosis. 2334 94