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Summer camps for children with IDDM have allowed educators to expand diabetes curricula and test novel approaches to education. Yet few evaluations have been published assessing the effectiveness of these types of educational interventions. The present study was designed as a formative assessment to provide preliminary evaluation of the impact of a life skills curriculum designed to increase awareness of different techniques that may be useful in managing stress. Life skills curricula are included each year as part of the teen session at the Texas Lions Camp for Children with Diabetes. Following the intervention, campers reported an intent to use more problem-focused and fewer detachment strategies to deal with a personally identified stressor. Limitations of the current pilot study are used to illustrate problems inherent in evaluation of camp programs.
Diabetes Educ
PMID:Impact of a camp experience on choice of coping strategies by adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 198 4

Patient education plays a key role in diabetes care, and summer camps have been shown to be of value in teaching diabetic children. In our camps, we have shown that education significantly improves knowledge of diabetes in both 6-11 and 12-16 year old children. This increased knowledge was retained for at least one year in both age groups. We show that structured age group education associated with individualized teaching was more efficient in enhancing diabetes knowledge than individualized education alone. Camp attendance also significantly improved the children's self-management at home. We show a strong correlation between the degree of diabetes knowledge and autonomy (r = 0.82) which was independent of both the children's age and duration of diabetes. The lack of a strong correlation between the improved metabolic control assessed 3 months after camp (p less than 0.05), and either increased knowledge and/or autonomy in the children tested, confirms that other factors influence their adaptation to diabetes. In conclusion, camps whose teaching staff is well trained in educational methods are of value in enhancing both the diabetes knowledge and self-management of children as young as 6 years of age, and/or of children whose diabetes is of recent onset, and may therefore be helpful in improving their coping processes.
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PMID:[Educational value of diabetes camps for children]. 230 Jul 92

There is an increasing incidence of diabetes among children in the Philippines where the adult prevalence rate is 4%. The approach to treatment follows conventionally accepted principles of diet, exercise, orals/insulin, education and rehabilitation. Attempts at standardizing diet for these juvenile diabetics is plagued by variables that keep on influencing the diet of people who come from many islands with different ethnic backgrounds. These variables include (i) Parentage, (ii) Age, (iii) Height/frame/weight, (iv) Activities, (v) Socio/economic/cultural, (vi) Diagnosis/control/complications, (vii) Who treats the patient, (viii) Drugs in use, (ix) Educational resources, (x) Motivation/compliance/morale, (xi) Monitoring capabilities, (xii) Team support. Camp exemplifies the ideal insofar as the handling of diet therapy is concerned. But this has to be effectively translated into the everyday life of the diabetic youngster if it is to be of any help at all. The aims are (i) to get the overweights down to normal weight (ii) the underweights up to normal weight (iii) the normal weights to keep within the range of normal weight--all with the least changes in their established lifestyle, hopefully maintaining healthy metabolic balance and providing for proper growth and development. We propose that diet was made for diabetics and not diabetics for diet.
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PMID:Diet therapy among young diabetics in the Philippines. 263 95

Studies of diabetes control have traditionally focused on patients' regulation of insulin, diet, and exercise. Although psychosocial stress may also influence blood glucose, researchers have infrequently accounted for the three primary physiological factors when estimating the effects of stress. In addition, few investigators have considered the influence of everyday minor stressors on health outcome. The Tennessee Camp for Diabetic Children provided an opportunity to monitor insulin administration, dietary intake, and exercise levels and to obtain measures of blood glucose and perceived minor stressors. The best index of stress was one in which number and magnitude of negative stressors were combined into a cumulative stress measure. Negative cumulative stress significantly correlated with blood glucose levels after controlling for the effects of insulin, diet, and exercise. In addition, diabetes control tended to be better when adolescents, particularly boys, adjusted well to negative stress. These findings suggest that minor stressors can influence health outcome, but positive and negative stress need to be assessed independently.
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PMID:Perceived stress and diabetes control in adolescents. 375 92

The level of self-management of 157 type I (juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent) children with diabetes was assessed using a self-management assessment tool developed by the investigator and validated by a panel of diabetes experts. Subjects ranged from 7 to 16 yr and attended the 1981 session of Camp Hertko Hollow, a camp for children with diabetes near Boone, Iowa. The extent of knowledge about diabetes was determined for each subject by the knowledge questionnaire developed and validated by the Diabetes Education Program in Nashville, Tennessee. This knowledge score was then correlated with the self-management score to determine the relationship between the two variables. The t test and regression analysis showed a significant association (P less than or equal to 0.05) between knowledge and self-management and indicates that children with diabetes are more likely to achieve effective self-management when an adequate knowledge base of the disease also exists.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Self-management in diabetic children. 665 13

Though never validated, the flashlight test is a commonly used screen for nocturnal hypoglycemia. Between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m., we applied the test to 107 children at Eagle's Nest Camp for Children with Diabetes. We validated the test against simultaneously determined capillary blood glucose values (Glucoscan). An eyelid squint in response to the flashlight was considered an intact test. No significant difference existed between mean glucoses for intact and nonintact responses. Both sensitivity and positive predictive value are too low for the flashlight test to be useful in screening for nocturnal hypoglycemia.
Diabetes Care
PMID:The flashlight test lacks validity as a screen for nocturnal hypoglycemia. 673 97

Since 1972, young type I diabetic patients seen by Joslin Clinic physicians have been advised to use a low cholesterol diet with a high proportion of polyunsaturated fat. Mean fasting cholesterol and triglyceride levels at admission to the Joslin Boys Camp for the years 1971 (N = 129) and 1979 (N = 79) were compared. In 1979, the mean cholesterol level was lower by 44 mg/dl (P less than 0.001) and the mean triglyceride by 21 mg/dl (P less than 0.001) compared with 1971. The incidence of hyperlipoproteinemia decreased from 21.6% to 7.6% with a complete disappearance of types IV and V during the same period. A decrease in the development of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in type I diabetic patients might be anticipated from this diet modification.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Improvement of lipid status in diabetic boys: the 1971 and 1979 Joslin Camp lipid levels. 683 23

After 1953, Dr. Y. Kobayashi organized a study group of chemotherapy of diabetes mellitus, and then a more broader 'Diabetes Study Group' sponsored by the Ministry of Education. During these group activities, the members felt the need to establish a forum to discuss various aspects of diabetology. In December 1957, an inaugural meeting of the Japan Diabetes Society (JDS) was held. The objectives of the Society were to promote the investigation and to spread the knowledge on diabetes and to thereby prevent the hazard arising from diabetes. Since that time, JDS has been admitted as a member of the International Diabetes Federation in 1958, and was approved as an incorporated association by the Ministry of Education in 1985. It has now seven regional branches. Members increased greatly and reached 7795 in March 1993. In every year, JDS has a 3-day nationwide general scientific meeting, and local meetings are held by each of its branches. The official journal 'Tonyobyo (Journal of the Japan Diabetes Society)' is being issued monthly. JDS edited educational books for diabetic patients, such as 'Guidebook for the Treatment of Diabetes', 'The Exchange List of Foods for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus' and 'The Guidebook of Summer Camp for Diabetic Children'. In 1967, JDS began to hold a 2-day post-graduate course named 'Progress in Diabetology' for physicians, nurses, dieticians and other health professionals. JDS has a close connection with the Japan Association of Diabetes Care and Education, co-sponsoring the 'diabetes week' every year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1994 Oct
PMID:History and activities of Japan Diabetes Society. 785 28

The Florida Camp for Children and Youth With Diabetes sponsored a weekend in which teenagers with diabetes invited a friend of the same sex without diabetes to participate in a two-day retreat. This program was designed to encourage friends to take an active role in motivating the teen with diabetes to perform his or her diabetes-related tasks in a responsible manner. Forty-six patients ranging in age from 12-17 years brought friends. Those with diabetes participated in rap sessions as well as educational sessions attempting to teach independence in self-care. The friends were taught the basics of diabetes as well as given an opportunity to inject saline and monitor their own blood glucose levels. A choice of activities was interspersed with education.
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PMID:Camping with a friend. Helping adolescents cope with diabetes. 856 6

For the past seven summers we have operated a camp for diabetic children in the former Soviet Republic of Georgia. Modeled after Camp Hickory Hill in central Missouri, its primary purpose is to educate campers about diabetes and its treatment in an effort to minimize the chronic complications of diabetes. Using HbAlc levels as a measure of glycemic control, we have found the camp to be effective in achieving this goal.
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PMID:Diabetes camps: an international experience. 1271 Jan 66


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