Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In diabetic animals, reduced endoneurial perfusion and oxygen content have been linked to neuropathic abnormalities and might be amenable to pharmacological manipulation. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, we studied the influence of guanethidine adrenergic sympathectomy, indomethacin treatment and a combined strategy on: serial in vivo motor and sensory conduction, resistance to ischemic conduction failure, in vitro myelinated and unmyelinated conduction, endoneurial perfusion and endoneurial oxygen tension. Unlike previous work diabetic animals had normal endoneurial perfusion but lower endoneurial oxygen tensions after six months of hyperglycemia. Guanethidine worsened sensory conduction despite lower microvascular resistance and an improvement in endoneurial oxygen tension. In contrast, indomethacin improved motor and sensory conduction but not oxygen tension. These studies do not support a linkage between conduction deficits and early endoneurial microangiopathy in experimental diabetes. Indomethacin, or related agents may offer a new therapeutic approach toward diabetic neuropathy through a mechanism independent of the endoneurial microvasculature.
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PMID:The influence of indomethacin and guanethidine on experimental streptozotocin diabetic neuropathy. 142 41

Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (pDBH) activity is markedly elevated in chronic experimental streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes in the rat. Several possible explanations, all potentially relevant to the pathophysiology of diabetes, could explain this observation. The objective of this paper was to further delineate the behavior of pDBH in diabetes and examine several possible mechanisms fot the increase. Plasma DBH increases within 1 day of STZ administration, is fivefold elevated within 1 wk, and slowly reaches ninefold control values after several months. Similar changes result from alloxan-induced diabetes. The increase in pDBH activity correlates well with the severity of diabetes as assessed by plasma glucose levels. Reversal of the diabetic state with insulin administration or islet cell transplantation results in the decrease of pDBH activity toward normal values. Plasma DBH is not increased in hyperglycemic obese (ob/ob) mice, suggesting a primary dependence of pDBH elevation on reduced levels of insulin and not hyperglycemia per se. Guanethidine-sympathectomized and sympathectomized/adrenal demedullated animals, with 60% and 25% of control levels of pDBH, respectively, show the same percentage increase in pDBH activity with induction of diabetes, thus, the increase in pDBH does not result from a selective activation or dysfunction of the sympathetic nervous system or adrenal medulla in diabetic animals. No evidence is found for the alteration of the kinetic parameters, molecular size, or charge of pDBH in diabetes. Several mechanisms for the increase are considered.
Diabetes 1981 May
PMID:Characterization of increased plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in rats with experimental diabetes. 701 10

The chief dangers reported with some common drugs are reviewed. Hazards of antibiotic therapy include: the increasing incidence of sensitization to penicillin with occasional anaphylactic reactions; aplastic anemia with chloramphenicol, and the poor tolerance of infants for chloramphenicol; staphylococcal enterocolitis; unnecessary "prophylactic" use of antibiotics. Thiazide diuretics may precipitate potassium depletion, skin reactions, pancreatitis, blood dyscrasias, gout, diabetes mellitus and hepatic coma. Reserpine can increase gastric acidity, induce mental depression, and when used with digitalis lead to ventricular premature beats. Hydralazine may aggravate angina pectoris, cause tachycardia, and bring about a syndrome resembling disseminated lupus erythematosus. Guanethidine may result in loose stools, impotence, and postural hypotension. Hazards of phenothiazines include jaundice, parkinsonian states and tremors, convulsions, hypotension, and blood dyscrasias. The butanediols have numerous side effects including gastrointestinal, cutaneous and hypotensive reactions. Prolonged corticosteroid therapy introduces a new danger in surgical treatment. The progesterone-like drugs may induce masculinization of the female fetus.
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PMID:Dangers in the use of some potent drugs. 1398 37