Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To test the hypothesis that histamine receptors mediate increased blood-retinal barrier permeability in experimental diabetes, 51 rats were made diabetic by streptozocin injection (65 mg/kg; jugular vein) and were held for four weeks. The seven animal groups were as follows: untreated controls; untreated diabetic rats; diabetic rats receiving diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl); diabetic rats receiving cimetidine hydrochloride (Tagamet); diabetic rats receiving diphenhydramine and cimetidine; diabetic rats receiving purified pork insulin (Iletin II); and diabetic rats receiving insulin and diphenhydramine. All treatments were given during the last week. Blood-retinal barrier permeability was assessed through measurement of the vitreous content of fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated to bovine serum albumin (FITCBSA) after 20 minutes of FITCBSA circulation. Vitreous FITCBSA content of the diabetic group was 64% greater than control content. Diabetic rats treated with either diphenhydramine or diphenhydramine and insulin had respective decreases of 43% and 40% in vitreous FITCBSA content. The vitreous content of the diabetic group receiving insulin was lowered 37% below untreated diabetic values, while the vitreous FITCBSA content of the diabetic group receiving both insulin and diphenhydramine was reduced 63%. These data indicate that retinal histamine H1-receptor activation may be partially responsible for initial blood-retinal barrier leakage of macromolecules into the vitreous and that this abnormal leakage can be prevented both by diphenhydramine and by insulin. Histamine H1 receptors may play an important role in mediating increased blood-retinal barrier permeability in experimental diabetes.
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PMID:Histamine H1 receptors mediate increased blood-retinal barrier permeability in experimental diabetes. 252 87

This paper provides an overview of our current understanding of the role of sigma-receptors in the regulation of cough, gastrointestinal and retinal function. Systemic administration of N-(+)-allylnormetazocine ((+)SKF-10,047), 1,2-di-(2-toyl)guanidine (DTG) or pentazocine markedly reduced the number of coughs in a dose-dependent manner. The antitussive effect of these sigma-receptor ligands was significantly reduced by pretreatment with haloperidol or rimcazol, a specific antagonist of sigma-receptors. Antitussive effects of dextromethorphan and noscapine were significantly and dose-dependently reduced by pretreatment with rimcazole. However, rimcazole did not have a significant effect on the antitussive effect of morphine. These results suggest that haloperidol-sensitive sigma-receptors may be involved in the antitussive mechanism of non-narcotic antitussive drugs. Selective sigma-receptor ligands such as (+)SKF-10,047, DTG and (+)pentazocine elicit a potent protection against gastric and duodenal ulcers. Ulcerprotective activity of sigma-receptor ligands may be related to their stimulating effect on bicarbonate secretion through interaction with sigma-receptors in the gastrointestinal mucosa. Activation of sigma-receptors in retina protect retinal cells against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. It is possible that sigma-receptor ligands may be useful as therapeutic drugs against retinal disease with ischemia-induced neuronal cell death such as retinal artery occlusion, diabetes mellitus or glaucoma.
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PMID:[Possible role of sigma-receptors in the regulation of cough reflex, gastrointestinal and retinal function]. 1056 63

Central venous stenosis (ST) and thrombosis (TB) related to catheter (KT) had been reported mostly for the subclavian vein. We performed a systematic cavographic study to evaluate the prevalence of these complications in 51 hemodialysis patients with present or previous history of tunneled internal jugular catheter. Each of them had used one or several KT (1.8 +/- 1.4 KT) for a mean 28 +/- 26 month cumulative time (i.e. 43,584 days total exposure time). Fifty percent of the KT were PermCath Quinton and 50% were Twincath (uncuffed) or CS 100 (cuffed) Medcomp. Twenty-seven had no ST (53%, group I), 24 had one or several significant ST (47%, group II) of superior Vena Cava (SVC, n = 4), inferior Vena Cava (IVC, n = 1), Brachio-cephalic Vein (BCV, n = 5) and subclavian vein (SC, n = 10), or a TB of SVC (n = 1), IVC (n = 3), BCV (n = 3), SC (n = 2). This accounts for an incidence of 0.55 ST or TB/1000 patient-days. Five of the twelve subclavian ST and TB had no history of previous subclavian catheter. Comparison between the two groups showed no differences according to age, time on dialysis, diabetes, hematocrit, CRP, cumulative time with catheter, catheter-related infections, type of catheter and anticoagulant treatment. IVC catheter tip's position is an important risk factor for TB and ST (4/6). Twelve group II patients had ST or TB-related symptoms, with a functional AV fistula in 9 cases. Eleven patients underwent repeated percutaneous angioplasty with 4 additional Wallstents and in 2 cases an AV fistula need to be closed. Central venous ST and TB after a jugular KT is extremely frequent, mostly without any symptoms. Consequences on peripheral or central vascular access, cost and poor long-term patency rate of angioplasty are of major importance. These results incite us to further reduce the catheter use in dialysis patients.
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PMID:[Prevalence of stenosis and thrombosis of central veins in hemodialysis after a tunneled jugular catheter]. 1181 Oct 18

Sustained-release corticosteroid treatment has shown to be a promising strategy for macular edema due to retinovascular disease (i.e., diabetes and retinal vein occlusion) and for the treatment of noninfectious posterior uveitis. Clinicians now have the option of three sustained-release corticosteroid implants: Ozurdex (Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA) which releases dexamethasone and two devices that release fluocinolone acetonide, Retisert (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY), and Iluvien (Alimera Science, Alpharetta, GA). Each has different physical characteristics and duration effect and has been approved for different indications. Herein we provide a summary of the current clinical knowledge regarding these implants.
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PMID:Sustained-release corticosteroid options. 2514 Feb 46

Evaluation of diphenhydramine in talc induced type 2 diabetes mellitus was done in Wistar rats. Oral administration of Talc (10mg/kg)carried out for 21days increased the levels of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum creatinine, blood glucose, urea, uric acid and triglycerides (TGs), but when the animals were treated with diphenhydramine (DPH), the levels of the aforementioned biochemical parameters decreased significantly (p<0.0001). The level of serum cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) was found to be reduced in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) control and when it was treated with DPH control animals, these makers increased significantly. The study done on DM and Diphenhydramine suggests that Talc increases the blood glucose level at a dose of 10mg/kg (0.14gm) and Diphenhydramine (1mg/kg)reduces the increased blood glucose level. These finding simply that diphenhydramine may be useful in the management of talc induced diabetes.
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PMID:Evaluation of diphenhydramine in talc induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats. 2910 9

This industry update covers the period from 1 September through 30 September 2017, and is based on information sourced from company press releases, scientific literature, patents and various news websites. The month saw the US FDA approve three new molecular entities, Aliqopa (copanlisib dihydrochloride) (Bayer Healthcare); Solosec (secnidazole) (Symbiomix Therapeutics) and Verzenio (abemaciclib) (Eli Lilly and Co). Intarcia Therapeutics Inc. has its application for approval of a novel drug device combination of exenatide for the treatment of diabetes rejected by FDA but said that it will work to address the concerns and refile the application. The impact of biosimilars in the market is steadily increasing with seven biosimilars approved in the USA and Sandoz hoping to add to this with its announcement that FDA has accepted its Biologics License Application for a biosimilar version of Roche's Rituxan. Circassia announced positive top line results of a respiratory drug, Duaklir (for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and Sarepta (for its new treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy). Axovant Sciences Ltd announced the failure if its drug Intepirdine in the treatment of Alzheimer's, adding to a growing list of drug failures in this area. There were a number of developments in the area of oncology with Bristol-Myers Squibb and Infinity Pharmaceuticals announcing an expansion of their collaboration looking at combination treatments, as well as Eli Lilly and Co's approval for Verzenio. Rani Therapeutics and Intra-Cellular Therapies announced successful funding rounds to support their drug programs. Allergan announced a novel licensing deal for its dry eye drug, Restasis, which it hopes would allow it to stave off patent challenges from several companies looking to develop generic versions of the drug. New research suggests that loss of sense of smell can be linked to an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:An industry update: the latest developments in therapeutic delivery. 2921 6