Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Peritoneal permeability to proteins was measured in diabetic and non-diabetic continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients during peritonitis and control periods. Clearances of albumin, transferrin, IgG, C3 and alpha 2-macroglobulin appeared to decrease as molecular weight increased. This relationship could be described by a power curve fit. The decrease was more than could be explained by differences in free diffusion only, indicating a size-selective barrier in the peritoneum. For all measured proteins clearances were higher in the diabetic patients. This may reflect a generally increased permeability due to their microangiopathy. The largest increase in protein loss and protein clearances was found during peritonitis. Our results do not suggest increased local production of any of the investigated proteins during the inflammation. Therefore, an increase in either peritoneal permeability or effective surface area or both is the most likely explanation. It is concluded in this study that peritoneal protein clearances are dependent on their molecular weight and that they are proportionally increased in patients with diabetes and during peritonitis.
Nephron 1986
PMID:Peritoneal permeability to proteins in diabetic and non-diabetic continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. 394 51

The parathyroid gland responsiveness to hypocalcemia induced by short-term calcium-free hemodialysis in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was investigated in comparison with 10 nondiabetic uremic patients and compared with test results from the autonomic nervous system. Diabetic patients had lower C-terminal parathyroid hormone (cPTH) levels before hemodialysis than uremic control patients and showed a significantly smaller increase in cPTH during hypocalcemia. The neurological tests revealed severe disturbances of the autonomic functions in the diabetic group. In conclusion, the disturbances observed in the parathyroid secretory pattern are probably caused by gland dysfunction; it is hypothesized that the defective autonomic nervous system has an additional effect on the development of this hormonal dysfunction.
Nephron 1986
PMID:Diminished parathyroid gland responsiveness to hypocalcemia in diabetic patients with uremia. 396 Feb 40

Disturbances of peripheral and autonomic nervous system function were evaluated in 37 normal subjects, in 52 patients with non diabetic chronic renal insufficiency (25 predialysis patients, 27 dialysis patients), and in 21 patients with diabetic chronic renal failure (10 predialysis patients, 11 dialysis patients). In nondiabetic patients, the predialysis group showed abnormal test results indicating parasympathetic lesions, in dialysis patients these derangements were nearly normalized. In predialysis diabetic patients, the autonomic alterations were much more extensive, corresponding to alterations of electroneurographical findings; in addition to parasympathetic lesions, sympathetic disturbances were seen. In contrast to the nondiabetic groups, in dialysis patients a deterioration of autonomic lesions was observed. In conclusion, these data indicate that deranged autonomic functions are common in uremia; they improve in dialysis patients with nondiabetic renal failure in contrast to diabetic patients; in this group the autonomic functions worsen in dialysis patients as a function of duration of diabetes and hemodialysis.
Nephron 1985
PMID:Autonomic neuropathy in chronic renal insufficiency. Comparative analysis of diabetic and nondiabetic patients. 403 42

The clinical features of 88 patients who developed carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in association with end stage renal failure and chronic hemodialysis were studied (11 original cases and 77 collected from the literature). Hemodialysis-associated CTS was found to have a 2 to 1 male predominance, to occur more often in angioaccess-bearing (86%) than in unoperated arms (48%) (p = 0.005), and to require surgical release of the median nerve in most of the cases (86%). The analysis of 48 of these patients revealed two patterns of presentation. Patients with the 'early pattern' (41.6%) developed CTS within 1 year of commencing hemodialysis; diabetes mellitus and/or severe polyneuropathy were present in at least 40%. In contrast, patients with the 'late pattern' (58.4%) developed symptoms after at least 1 year on hemodialysis; diabetes mellitus and/or polyneuropathy were present in less than 10%. CTS should be considered in any hemodialysis patient with upper extremity neurological symptoms; early diagnosis and treatment will prevent loss of hand function.
Nephron 1985
PMID:Hemodialysis-associated carpal tunnel syndrome. A clinical review. 403 44

In order to investigate the influence of diabetes mellitus on immune complex-mediated nephritis , we produced Heymann nephritis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (DM-HN group) in which the clinical course for 24 weeks and histological changes were examined. Nondiabetic rats with Heymann nephritis (HN group) and diabetic rats (DM group) were also examined as controls. The degree of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia and anemia were more pronounced and the mortality rate was higher in the DM-HN group than in the HN group or in the DM group. Histologically, larger and more subepithelial or intramembranous electron-dense deposits as well as a more markedly thickened glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were observed in the DM-HN group than in the HN group. In conclusion, the nephrotic manifestations and histological changes in the GBM in Heymann nephritis were augmented by the association with diabetes mellitus.
Nephron 1984
PMID:Autologous immune complex nephritis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 623 73

Collagenolytic activity of rat kidneys with streptozotocin diabetes was estimated by means of a biological collagenase assay and compared to healthy controls. Collagenolytic activity was found significantly decreased in rat kidneys with diabetes correlating with blood glucose levels (r = -0.82, p less than 0.001). Elevated blood glucose levels seem to be responsible for the inhibition. This is supported by our experiment of incubating bacterial collagenase with several carbohydrates as glucose, galactose and saccharose: glucose and galactose significantly inhibited the collagenolytic activity, while saccharose failed to inhibit the enzymatic reaction. The interpretation of the results is that glucose is able to bind to the enzyme as Schiff base, which could be shown by tritiated sodium borohydride reduction of the Schiff base formed between collagenase and glucose. Another support of the hypothesis is that blocking of the amino group of lysine at the active site either by glucose or trifluoroacetylation of collagenase is reducing the collagenolytic activity. The biological significance could be the decreased catabolism of collageneous material of the extracellular matrix, as, e.g., the glomerular basement membrane, which was reported in a previous publication.
Nephron 1982
PMID:Reduced collagenolytic activity of rat kidneys with steptozotocin diabetes. 628 20

A 51-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and the nephrotic syndrome on renal biopsy was found to have diabetic glomerulosclerosis, amyloidosis and membranous glomerulopathy. The presence of three distinct glomerular diseases in the same patient is unique. Possible factors involved in their pathogenesis are discussed and the literature on concomitant glomerular diseases is reviewed.
Nephron 1983
PMID:Concomitant presence of three different glomerular diseases in the same patient. Report of a case and review of the literature. 634 70

Calcium metabolism was studied in hemodialyzed patients with diabetes mellitus nephropathy (HD/DM) and in hemodialyzed nondiabetic patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (HD/non-DM). Incidence of bone changes visible in X-ray films, assessed by changes in the lamina dura and trabecular patterns of mandibulae, was less in HD/DM than in HD/non-DM patients. Serum c-terminal parathyroid hormone was significantly lower in HD/DM than that in HD/non-DM. Serum calcitonin was higher in HD/DM than that in HD/non-DM. The lower level of c-terminal parathyroid hormone would be a reason that bone changes were less in HD/DM than in HD/non-DM patients.
Nephron 1984
PMID:Abnormal calcium metabolism in hemodialyzed patients with diabetic nephropathy. 647 29

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is abnormally high in some, but not all, insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The potential importance of this hyperfiltration lies in its possible link with later severe diabetic kidney disease. Inadequate glycaemic control is closely related to hyperfiltration but the mechanisms of the association are obscure. GFR and prevailing plasma glucose concentration were examined in a group of insulin-dependent diabetics without clinical proteinuria and in a group of non-diabetics, and their relationships observed using linear and multiple regression analysis. A positive correlation (r = 0.30, p less than 0.05) is found between mean plasma glucose concentration and GFR up to a mean plasma glucose level of approximately 13.5 mmol/l. Glycaemia in excess of this degree tends to be associated with a lower GFR. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the independence of plasma glucose as a determinant of GFR (p less than 0.05) at concentrations below 13.5 mmol/l. GFR declined significantly with age, but independently of diabetes duration, in the diabetic group (r = -0.48, p less than 0.001). GFR in the control group showed a statistically non-significant decline with age.
Nephron 1984
PMID:Threshold effect of plasma glucose in the glomerular hyperfiltration of diabetes. 651 75

Mice were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin. After intervals of approximately 4 weeks and 6 months, the vascular responses of cerebral surface arterioles (pial arterioles) with mean internal diameters of 35-39 micrometers were determined and compared with those of control mice. Norepinephrine, serotonin, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and papaverine were used. Only one agent was tested in a given mouse, each agent being applied to the surface vessels of that mouse at three different doses. Statistically significant dose-response relationships were always observed, but with one exception, no differences were found between the contractile responses (norepinephrine, serotonin, prostaglandin F2 alpha) or the dilating responses (papaverine) in diabetic vs normal mice. The one exception involved responses to serotonin following 4-5 weeks of diabetes. Here diabetic responses were 10-18% less than those of control. Though significant statistically, the difference may nevertheless be a chance occurrence, and is in any case sufficiently small to be of doubtful biological meaning. The overall data indicate no effect of diabetes on the responses of the selected pial arterioles to norepinephrine, serotonin, PGF2 alpha, and papaverine.
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PMID:Microvascular responses of intermediate-size arterioles on the cerebral surface of diabetic mice. 659 85


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