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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cryopreservation of islets of Langerhans offers a number of important benefits for attempts to cure diabetes by transplantation. In the published literature, a variety of cooling rates, ranging from 0.25 to 75 degrees C/min, in conjunction with warming rates of 4-200 degrees C/min have been proposed to give optimal preservation of islets. In view of the general importance of rates of temperature change in determining survival and because of the possibility of modulating tissue immunogenicity by freezing and thawing, we have studied the interaction of cooling rate and warming rate for isolated rat islets that had been either fully or partially equilibrated with 2 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Batches of islets were stored at -196 degrees C after cooling at 0.3, 3.0, 10, 30, 60, 150, or greater than 1000 degrees C/min and then warmed at either 10 or 50 degrees C/min. Survival was assessed by measuring the secretion of insulin during static incubation in alternating nonstimulatory and stimulatory media. Cooling rates extending over three orders of magnitude proved not to be a major determinant of survival when the islets were equilibrated with 2 M DMSO: greater than 50% survival was achieved at all cooling rates studied when the warming rate was at 50 degrees C/min. Peak survival (83%) was attained at a cooling rate of 0.3 degrees C/min, but only slightly lower recoveries were obtained at 60 and greater than 1000 degrees C/min. However, in islets only partially equilibrated with cryoprotectants, functional recovery was highly dependent on the cooling and warming rates, with peak survivals after slow cooling and rapid warming. Full permeation of the tissue with cryoprotectant offered maximal recovery of function.
Diabetes 1987 Jan
PMID:Interaction of cooling rate, warming rate, and extent of permeation of cryoprotectant in determining survival of isolated rat islets of Langerhans during cryopreservation. 309 10

Long-chain free fatty acids (FFA) are oxidized, in preference to carbohydrates, by a myocardium with normal oxygen supply. Their utilization is increased in diabetes and most probably also in hyperthyroidism, since in both cases plasma FFA concentrations are augmented. Under conditions of ischaemia, the long-chain fatty acid esters of coenzyme A (CoA) and carnitine accumulate in cells. This accumulation depends on the degree of coronary blood flow reduction, being very high in moderate ischaemia and much reduced when the coronary flow is nul. The accumulation of acyl-CoA and acylcarnitine in ischaemic myocardium is amplified by diabetes. The presence in the cells of these amphophilic compounds (notably acylcarnitine) in high concentrations has been associated with changes in the structure and properties of mitochondrial and sarcolemmal membranes. Finally, the accumulation of glycolysis end-products (e.g. lactates and protons) may condition the degree of functional recovery from global and total ischaemia. In this respect, recently obtained in vitro data show that a decrease in cellular pH may be one of the determinant factors in reperfusion.
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PMID:[Intermediate myocardial metabolism. Changes in ischemia, diabetes and hyperthyroidism]. 314 22

To study the relation of blood glucose soon after the onset of stroke and outcome in terms of fatality and functional recovery 6 months later, two prospective studies were performed. Fasting blood glucose measured within 48 hours of onset was significantly higher in those who died than in those who survived. However, random blood glucose, mean daily blood glucose and HbA1 were not related to fatality or functional recovery. Fasting blood glucose levels soon after the stroke were significantly higher than those in the same patients measured 1 month later. These results suggest that the hyperglycaemia related to decreased survival is a stress response rather than an indication of preexisting diabetes mellitus but do not support the view that a high blood glucose level is itself harmful to the brain.
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PMID:Blood glucose and prognosis of acute stroke. 338 45

To elucidate the incidence of severe disability due to cerebral stroke and its related factors, prospective data of 1,621 Hisayama residents aged 40 and over were examined. Severe disability resulting from stroke was defined as patients who were unable to dress, take care of their toilet needs, and feed themselves without assistance, or who required a wheel chair for ambulation three months after the most recent episode. During 20 years of follow-up 255 stroke patients were observed among the sample population. The annual incidence of stroke per thousand was 9.8, and rate of severe disability was 2.8 for men and 6.4 and 2.0 for women, respectively. Of the 74 cases with severe disability, approximately 92% were attributed to cerebral infarction. Related factors to severe disability due to cerebral infarction were recurrent attacks, hypertension, changes in ocular fundi and diabetes mellitus among predispositions and quadriplegia or muscular contraction, and intelligent or mental disorders among inhibiting factors for functional recovery. Furthermore, in 59 autopsy cases with multiple cerebral infarctions, the frequency of disability increased as the number of infarcts increased. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus, as risk factors for cerebral infarction and factors inhibiting post-ictal functional recovery were discussed.
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PMID:Severe disability related to cerebral stroke: incidence and risk factors observed in a Japanese community, Hisayama. 358 64

A clinical follow-up study of 12 patients with diabetic amyotrophy is reported. Re-examination after an interval indicated that improvement had occurred in all but one instance, and had been maintained over an average follow-up period of four and a half years. Improvement in the neurological syndrome appeared to follow improvement in diabetic control or institution of treatment in those whose diabetes had not previously been diagnosed.Seven patients made a good functional recovery, three no longer having any muscular weakness. Five showed significant residual disability.
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PMID:Diabetic amyotrophy: a follow-up study. 501 93

Difficulty of some patients to maintain adequate cardiac output following the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass remains a significant problem in cardiac surgery. The patients with diabetes mellitus frequently fail to respond to therapy after the cardiopulmonary bypass. However, little is known about the relationship between the control of diabetes mellitus and myocardial performance. The purpose of the present study was to look at the effect of diabetes and insulin treatment upon ventricular function and myocardial microcirculation in isolated perfused rat heart. Experimental diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin and some of them were treated by insulin injection. Severe form of ischemia was induced in heart from acute form of diabetes and functional recovery was compared among the control, diabetic and insulin treated groups. In chronic form of diabetes, myocardial function and microcirculation which was measured by local H2 generation method were studied during aerobic perfusion and mild form of ischemic perfusion. The hearts from experimental diabetes were more susceptible to ischemia and insulin pretreatment protected the functional alterations. This beneficial effect of insulin was associated with improved glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Myocardial microcirculation in hearts from diabetes was significantly less than in control, however, this was not correctable by the insulin treatment.
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PMID:Insulin treatment and myocardial function in isolated, perfused heart from diabetic rat. 636 94

The effects of ischemia at varying temperatures on the survival of fetal islet endocrine cells was investigated by placing 17-day-old fetal mouse pancreata in organ culture after 2, 4, or 6 h at either 4 degrees C, 22 degrees C, or 37 degrees C. Insulin secretion by the cells in vitro, the content of insulin in the cultured pancreata, and the ability of the cultured islets to reverse diabetes in syngeneic streptozotocin-diabetic mice were assessed. Fetal pancreas subjected to 2-6 h of ischemia at either 4 degrees C or 22 degrees C showed neither loss of insulin secretory capacity in vitro nor loss of ability to produce large functional grafts, and behaved identically to tissue not subjected to deliberate ischemia. In contrast, after 2 h of ischemia at 37 degrees C, although some grafts functioned, their insulin content was reduced despite apparently normal prior insulin production in vitro, but 4 or 6 h at 37 degrees C resulted in total loss of functional islet tissue. However, despite retention of functional capacity and the ability to produce large grafts with high insulin content after cold or room temperature ischemia, some loss of insulin storage capacity in vitro was noted by islets subjected to ischemic periods longer than 2 h even at 4 degrees C. Thus, fetal pancreas can withstand prolonged periods of ischemia provided its temperature is reduced, and functional recovery can be demonstrated after transplantation.
Diabetes 1984 Apr
PMID:Effect of ischemia and temperature on fetal mouse pancreas. Insulin production in vitro, and function after isotransplantation. 642 31

The insulinoprivic influence of acute severe streptozotocin diabetes on liver regeneration in rats was evaluated by determining liver weights as well as hepatocyte and Kupffer cell functional capacities. Functional capacities were assessed by bromosulfophthalein uptake for hepatocytes and carbon phagocytosis for Kupffer cells. Evaluation immediately after partial hepatectomy revealed a 66% reduction of liver mass, a 63% decrease in hepatocyte bromosulfophthalein removal, and a 65% decline in Kupffer cell carbon phagocytosis. Per cent recovery at 48-hr posthepatectomy was considerably greater for carbon phagocytosis than for bromosulfophthalein removal by regenerating livers. This apparent difference in functional recovery was likely due in part to enhanced non-Kupffer cell carbon phagocytosis. No significant differences of the three regeneration indices were noted for untreated streptozotocin-diabetic rats compared to nondiabetic animals. However, insulin administration to fasted streptozotocin diabetics significantly stimulated liver regeneration above that of untreated fasted rats and almost equivalent to that of pair-fed animals. Fasted rats had in general slower liver regeneration than pair-fed animals as expected. Furthermore, insulin administration to fasted nondiabetic rats after partial hepatectomy caused severe hypoglycemia and resulted in a further depression of liver regeneration.
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PMID:Hepatocyte and Kupffer cell functions during liver regeneration in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 703 Sep 5

A marked decrease in the activity of the amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ exchanger has been demonstrated in hearts from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of other specific sarcolemmal transport mechanisms to intracellular pH (pHi) recovery upon reperfusion in STZ-induced diabetic rat hearts and their relation to recovery of ventricular function. Isovolumic rat hearts were submitted to a zero-flow ischemic period of 28 min at 37 degrees C and then reperfused for 28 min. The time course of pHi decline during ischemia and of recovery on reperfusion was followed by means of 31P-labeled NMR. The perfusion buffers used were either HEPES or CO2/HCO3-. An HCO3(-)-dependent (amiloride-insensitive) mechanism contributed to pHi recovery after ischemia in the diabetic rat hearts. Even when the Na+/H+ exchanger was blocked by amiloride in nominally HCO3(-)-free solution, a rapid rise in pHi occurred during the first 3 min of reperfusion. The early rise in pHi was reduced by external lactate and inhibited by alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate. This suggested that a coupled H(+)-lactate efflux may be a major mechanism for acid extrusion in the initial stage of reperfusion. The observation of a higher functional recovery on reperfusion in diabetic hearts is in accordance with previous studies using HCO3- buffer. However, this study shows that a good recovery of function occurred even more rapidly in diabetic hearts receiving HEPES-buffered solution than in those receiving HCO3(-)-buffered solution. This suggests that the HCO3(-)-dependent mechanism of regulation may be depressed in diabetic rat hearts.
Diabetes 1995 Feb
PMID:Mechanisms of intracellular pH regulation during postischemic reperfusion of diabetic rat hearts. 785 41

Using an animal model where the pupil diameter of the eye in anaesthetized and dark-adapted rats serves as a parameter of autonomic function, we studied the functional recovery of the parasympathetic nerve fibres in the oculomotor nerve after a crush lesion in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes compared with normal controls. Prior to the crush lesion, diabetic rats develop significantly (P < 0.001) smaller pupils compared with controls, and this occurs early in the course of the diabetes mellitus. As the difference in pupil diameter between control and diabetic rats persists immediately after the crush lesion, when the nervous control of the pupil is entirely due to sympathetic nerves, we suggest that the reduction in pupil diameter is due to a sympathetic neuropathy. Furthermore, we show that the functional recovery of the parasympathetic input to the iris after a crush lesion of the oculomotor nerve is not as good in diabetic rats as it is in normal control rats.
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PMID:Neural influences on the iris of diabetic rats and effect of oculomotor nerve crush. 869 Aug 43


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