Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe the case of a 74-year-old woman with a fifteen-year old history of virilism and with a Type-II-diabetes mellitus treated with insulin. After the removal of the ovaries, the formerly elevated serum-testosterone levels normalised and the signs of virilism gradually abated. The histological finding of stromal thecosis in the ovaries is discussed in relation to hyperinsulinaemia and other potential stimuli for ovarian stromal hyperplasia.
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PMID:[Postmenopausal virilization in thecosis of the ovaries]. 131 96

In a single practice during the 21 years 1971-1991, the incidence of gestational diabetes in pregnancies in which norethisterone was prescribed was 32.4% (22 of 69) in comparison with 7.1% in pregnancies in which the women did not take norethisterone (137 of 1,684) (p < 0.001). Gestational diabetes was no less severe (degree of hyperglycaemia, need for insulin therapy) when associated with norethisterone. However, follow-up revealed that gestational diabetes when associated with norethisterone had a lesser risk of emerging diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance. Masculinization of a female fetus occurred in 5 of 39 (12.8%) exposed to norethisterone; all were cases of clitoral hypertrophy not requiring surgical treatment. Norethisterone in these 69 pregnancies accounted for 33.3% (5 of 15) cases of clitoral hypertrophy diagnosed in 100,756 consecutive births.
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PMID:Norethisterone and gestational diabetes. 144 34

The syndrome of type A insulin resistance is encountered in young women and is characterized by glucose intolerance or frank diabetes mellitus, endogenous hyperinsulinism, insensitivity to insulin administration, acanthosis nigricans and virilization. The insulin resistance is due to reduced cellular insulin binding because of a lack of or defective binding sites and/or because the interaction with the tyrosine kinase of the beta-subunit is hindered. This study was undertaken to find out whether hyperglycaemia in these patients may be influenced by the administration of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I which exerts insulin-like effects through the insulin receptor as well as the type 1 insulin-like growth factor I receptor. Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I was intravenously administered in two subsequent doses of 100 micrograms/kg body weight to three women with type A insulin resistance. An immediate but slow fall of blood glucose was observed. The glucose disappearance rate was 28.0 mumol/min, i.e. considerably lower than that seen in healthy subjects. The markedly elevated insulin and C-peptide levels fell in a parallel manner to blood glucose but not to normal levels. The results show that recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I, presumably by reacting with the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor, can normalize serum glucose levels in patients with severe insulin resistance at least for several hours. We suggest that the potential or recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I to control hyperglycaemia in type A insulin resistant patients should be explored in more depth.
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PMID:Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF I) reduces hyperglycaemia in patients with extreme insulin resistance. 195 1

An effective treatment is now available to prevent the masculinization of female fetuses with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Some vitamin-responsive inborn errors of metabolism can be treated prenatally by cofactor administration. Maternal phenylketonuria and maternal diabetes mellitus and the prevention of recurrent neural tube defects are also areas where therapeutic advances are being made. It may be possible to carry out chorionic villi sampling before 8 weeks menstrual age if appropriate catheters and guidance systems (probably transvaginal ultrasound) are used. First trimester diagnosis and treatment of fetal cardiac arrhythmias could prove to be very important, as they are later in pregnancy. Future possibilities for progress include gene microinjection into zygotes, classification and treatment of fresh embryos, biopsy and frozen storage of genetically at risk embryos, and therapy of preimplantation embryos by chimera formation or gene introduction by retroviruses.
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PMID:Treatment of the embryo and the fetus in the first trimester: current status and future prospects. 217 15

Rare carcinoid-like ACTH-active tumour of the thymus in a woman of 40 is described. The tumour was of a solid-trabecular structure with rosette-like figures and consisted of spindle, polyhedral and roundish cells containing electron-dense granules of the neurosecretory type. Hormonal activity of the tumour was manifested in a pronounced hypercorticism with a marked adrenal hyperplasia, atrophy of sex organs and general virilization, skeletal muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, signs of diabetes mellitus, lipid hepatosis and other symptoms of a grave Itsenko-Cushing' syndrome followed by a fever. In spite of the absence of metastasis tumour was characterised by a rapid expansive growth with the compression of neck veins and venous stasis in both mediastinal organs and the tumour itself with the necrosis in its central parts. The cause of death was the thromboembolism of lung arteries from the thrombotic veins of the lower limbs.
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PMID:[Carcinoid-like ACTH-active thymus tumor with adrenal hyperplasia and the Itsenko-Cushing syndrome]. 608 16

The authors report a case of severe hyperkalemia (7 mmol/l) in an insulin-dependent diabetic in the absence of renal failure. This hyperkalemia was due to hypoaldosteronism caused by inadequate hormone biosynthesis in the absence of 21-hydroxylase. Replacement therapy allowed normalization of clinical and laboratory parameters. The various causes of hyperkalemia in the absence of renal failure in insulin-dependent diabetes are discussed, notably the renin deficiency hypoaldosteronism syndrome. This case study is remarkable for a number of reasons, including the very limited degree of virilization, the occurrence of a pregnancy, and the degree of salt excretion. This is a new observation in the diabetic, and is apparently a coincidental association since deficits in 21-hydroxylase are not usually associated with insulin-dependent diabetes.
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PMID:[21-hydroxylase deficit revealed by hyperkalemia in the absence of renal failure in an insulin-dependent diabetic (author's transl)]. 697 92

The present paper is based on findings reported in the literature and concerned with various possible methods of preventing heat and/or pregnancy without resorting to ovariohysterectomy. The drugs used to suppress and prevent oestrus, such as progestagens, testosterone and 19-nortestosterone derivates, are reviewed, the mechanism of action, mode of administration and advantages and disadvantages being discussed. Progestagens are particularly found to affect the uterus (CEH) and mammary glands (increased incidence of mammary tumours), and they may also induce diabetes mellitus and acromegaly. On the other hand, the untoward side-effects of 19-nortestosterone derivatives are found to be mainly due to their androgenic action, resulting in enlargement of the clitoris, vaginitis, changes of behaviour and masculinization of puppies when the drug is administered during pregnancy. Subsequently, those mechanical and surgical procedures which are less commonly employed, are discussed. The pros and cons of the various methods and drugs as well as the possible causes of the difference in gestagenic effect of a number of progestational agents are discussed in greater detail.
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PMID:[Prevention of oestrus and/or pregnancy in dogs by methods other than ovariohysterectomy (author's transl)]. 719 29

A case is presented of congenital lipodystrophy and diabetes coexistent with severe polycystic ovarian disease characterized by primary amenorrhea and pronounced virilization. The relationship of these two disease entities is unknown. This case strengthens the suggestion that isochronia may not be coincidental.
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PMID:Congenital lipodystrophy and polycystic ovarian disease. 723 Jan 51

Circulating androgens are known to effect a sexual dimorphism of the submandibular gland and kidney of the mouse. Enzyme histocytochemical differences that correlate with these structural changes have been the subject of much study, especially in the kidney. In the present study, emphasis was placed on the hypogonadic effects of diabetes mellitus on the submandibular gland and kidney of C57Bl/KsJ db/db inbred mice with an autosomal recessive disease resembling maturity onset human diabetes mellitus. These glands of adult diabetic mice of both sexes were compared with those of unafflicted heterozygous littermates. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase and peroxisomal and cytoplasmic catalase were studied in their submandibular glands and kidneys. The parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular glands was studied by a histochemical method for acetylcholinesterase. The extensive differentiation of striated ducts of the submandibular gland into granular tubules in the postpubertal male mouse was readily evident with the cytochrome oxidase procedure. This differentiation resulted in ductal staining patterns characteristic of the sexes. Alteration of these patterns suggested that demasculinization or feminization was occuring in the male diabetic mice and that masculinization or virilization (defeminization) was occurring in the female diabetics. Similarly, in kidney, study of the parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule revealed feminization in the male diabetics and masculinization in the female diabetics. With the catalase procedure, a dramatic sexual dimorphism was observed in the kidneys of the heterozygous unafflicted mice. Peroxisomal staining of epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules was much more intense in the outer medulla of the male than of the female. In kidneys of the diabetics, the staining patterns again suggested that feminization of the male and masculinization of the female kidneys had occurred. On the other hand, neither a sexual dichotomy nor effects due to diabetes could be observed in the characteristic catalase staining observed in the luminal epithelial cells of submandibular gland distal ducts. The parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular gland, as revealed by the acetylcholinesterase method, was also markedly sexually dimorphic in the unafflicted mice. This was due to the more extensive innervation of the larger granular ducts characteristic of male than of the smaller striated ducts of the female. As a result of diabetes, the innervation and duct size decreased in the submandibular gland of the male, suggesting feminization, whereas they increased in the female suggesting masculinization. These changes were consistent with those observed in sumandibular gland with the cytochrome oxidase procedure. Attempts were made to interrelate all of the enzyme histochemical changes observed in submandibular gland and kidney with the weights of these glands, sex, gonadal weights, diabetic status and urinary protein excretion...
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PMID:Cytochemical correlates of structural sexual dimorphism in glandular tissues of the mouse. 741 41

We evaluated a 24 years old diabetes woman with type A insulin resistant (patient "Yakushima") who had some typical symptoms as acanthosis nigricans, hirsutism and virilization. Insulin binding to the patient's erythrocytes was significantly decreased to about 30% of the normal control. In order to determine the mutation of the insulin receptor, we used for reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (RT-PCR-SSCP) analysis without using radiolabeled materials. We also analysed the nucleotide sequence with non-isotropical probe. Our results suggested that the mutation was heterozygous, and the patient had a new missense mutation substituted Asn461 for Thr461 in the alpha-subunit.
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PMID:[The diagnosis of a mutation of the insulin receptor by non-radioisotropical RT-PCR-SSCP analysis]. 791 41


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