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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Saliva is an important factor upon which general health of the oral cavity is dependent and which influences the occurrence of caries. In diabetic patients, xerostomia may occur due to pronounced polyuria in non-regulated and inadequately regulated cases. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of stimulated saliva and salivary pH in diabetic patients and in normal subjects, and to study the possible difference in the occurrence of caries. Results pointed to a significant decrease in the amount of stimulated saliva in insulin dependent diabetics (1.22 ml/min vs. 1.43 ml/min in normal subjects; p less than 0.01). The lowest amount of stimulated saliva was found in non-regulated diabetics (1.00 ml/min). In all diabetic patients, a significantly lower salivary pH was recorded as compared to normal subjects (p less than 0.01). The DMFS index was significantly higher in both insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetics as compared to normal subjects (p less than 0.01). Concerning the state of diabetes control, significant differences at the level of p less than 0.01 in the DMFS index were observed among all groups of subjects (normal subjects, and regulated, inadequately regulated and non-regulated diabetics). A decreased salivary flow and pH may represent one from a series of caries risk factors in diabetics, especially in inadequately regulated and non-regulated cases of the disease.
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PMID:[Saliva as a risk factor for caries in diabetic patients]. 181 41

A cross-sectional survey by standard questionnaire was conducted to determine the public's knowledge (n = 480) of diabetes and diabetes symptoms. Four hundred and sixty-two (96%) subjects had heard of diabetes, 350 (73%) could give a rudimentary definition of diabetes, but 231 (48%) were unable to name any symptom and only 20 (4%) knew of thirst and polyuria in combination. The public's knowledge of diabetes symptoms is poor. This may possibly contribute to delayed presentation of Type 2 diabetes.
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PMID:Public awareness of the symptoms of diabetes mellitus. 183 52

A 41-year old male with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus previously unsuccessfully treated with a controlled diet and glibenclamide, and subsequently with increasing insulin doses (5 and 20 IU/day) experienced polyuria, glycosuria and loss of weight. On admittance to hospital serum C3 concentrations were found to be depressed. The insulin dose was further increased to 30 IU/day and the patient was also treated with 20 mg nafamostat mesylate given intravenously twice daily for 6 days. On completion of nafamostat mesylate treatment serum C3 concentrations were increased but after 17 days they started to decrease again.
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PMID:Complement activation via the alternative pathway in a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 191 9

Diabetes is characterized by hyperphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, and elevations in blood and urinary glucose. It has also been documented that beta-adrenergic responsiveness is reduced in diabetes. The intestinal glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose (BAY G 5421), decreases postprandial glycemia by delaying carbohydrate absorption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic acarbose treatment (20 and 40 mg/100 g of diet) on the metabolic and adrenergic parameters altered in streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg, intravenously [IV] )-induced diabetes. Metabolic parameters were measured daily for 8 weeks. Diabetic rats were hyperphagic, polydipsic, and polyuric within 1 week of STZ treatment. Acarbose treatment did not consistently effect the food intake but did reduce water intake, urinary output, blood glucose, and the urinary loss of glucose associated with STZ-induced diabetes. Adrenergic responses were assessed by monitoring the increase in tail skin temperature (TST) associated with administration of isoproterenol. Diabetic rats were less responsive than controls and acarbose treatment restored responses toward that of the controls. Additionally, 3H-NE release from the tail artery was elevated in the diabetic rat and restored to normal in the acarbose-treated animals. Collectively these data suggest that acarbose treatment is effective in reducing the severity of metabolic and autonomic complications associated with STZ-induced diabetes.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of dietary acarbose in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. 196 Nov 20

The severity of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had a marked effect upon the development of myocardial sequelae in the rat. Even with the same degree of hyperglycemia, glycosuria, polydipsia, and polyuria, moderately diabetic animals did not develop the degenerative ultrastructural changes seen in myocardium from more severely diabetic rats. These included decreased cardiocyte size, loss and disorganization of myofibrils, and loss of sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules. Since hyperglycemia and glycosuria are frequently used as the primary, and often sole, criteria for identifying diabetes in experimental animals, this study demonstrates the need to more specifically define the severity of the disease in studies of the heart.
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PMID:The severity of diabetes is a major determinant of myocardial damage in the rat. 199 Apr 12

We have described a case of hyperosmolar nonketotic hyperglycemia atypically manifested as an ascending progressive predominantly motor neuropathy with sensory involvement. Although the patient noticed polydipsia, the lack of endogenous renal function prevented the expected polyuria and dehydration. Treatment with insulin produced such marked clinical improvement that 15 days after admission he was discharged home, fully mobile and self-sufficient. Because hyperosmolar nonketotic decompensation is uncommon and patients may initially have neurologic signs without a previous history of diabetes mellitus, the diagnosis may be overlooked.
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PMID:Hyperosmolar nonketotic hyperglycemia manifested as ascending polyneuropathy. 210 69

These studies were undertaken to assess the effects of increased galactose (v increased glucose) metabolism via the polyol pathway on vascular filtration function in the kidneys, eyes, nerves, and aorta. Quantitative radiolabeled tracer techniques were used to assess glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and regional tissue vascular clearance of plasma 131I-bovine serum albumin (BSA) in five groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats: nondiabetic controls, streptozotocin-diabetic rats, nondiabetic rats fed a 50% galactose diet, diabetic rats treated with sorbinil (an aldose reductase inhibitor), and galactose-fed rats treated with sorbinil. Sorbinil was added to the diet to provide a daily dose of approximately .2 mmol/kg body weight. After 2 months of diabetes or galactose ingestion, albumin clearance was increased twofold to fourfold in the eye (anterior uvea, choroid, and retina), sciatic nerve, aorta, and kidney; GFR was increased approximately twofold and urinary excretion of endogenous albumin and IgG were increased approximately 10-fold. Sorbinil treatment markedly reduced or completely prevented all of these changes in galactose-fed, as well as in diabetic rats. These observations support the hypothesis that increased metabolism of glucose via the sorbitol pathway is of central importance in mediating virtually all of the early changes in vascular filtration function associated with diabetes in the kidney, as well as in the eyes, nerves, and aorta. On the other hand, renal hypertrophy in diabetic rats and polyuria, hyperphagia, and impaired weight gain in galactose-fed and in diabetic rats were unaffected by sorbinil and therefore are unlikely to be mediated by increased polyol metabolism.
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PMID:Vascular filtration function in galactose-fed versus diabetic rats: the role of polyol pathway activity. 211 13

Diabetes mellitus is often a frustrating disorder to treat. Many animals appear resistant to the effects of insulin, while others, especially cats, are very sensitive to its effects and therefore prone to bouts of hypoglycemia. Because of difficulties in glucose regulation, many veterinarians have referred to the treatment of diabetes mellitus as an art rather than a science. Fear of over-regulation with resultant hypoglycemia has led to the practice of "loose control" (wide fluctuations of glucose are allowed to occur throughout the day). Fortunately, long-term side effects of poor glycemic control seen in people (eg, retinal, glomerular, vascular, and nerve problems) are uncommon in dogs and cats; however, excessive polyuria and polydipsia, weight loss, and recurrent urinary tract infection in most cases is unacceptable. This chapter will focus on many of the problems associated with regulating the uncomplicated diabetic and discuss newer glucose control techniques, the use of oral hypoglycemic agents, and the role of diet in the acute treatment and long-term management of diabetes mellitus in the dog and cat.
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PMID:The diagnosis and treatment of insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the dog and the cat. 213 76

Graft morphology and endocrine function following vascularized pancreas transplantation by different surgical techniques were determined in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Eight different surgical techniques were studied. Intestinal drainage of exocrine secretion was accomplished by pancreaticoduodenal transplantation or by utilizing only a patch of the donor duodenum for duodenojejunostomy. Following pancreaticoureterostomy and pancreaticocystostomy, the graft's exocrine secretion was drained to the recipient's urinary tract. The exocrine secretion was allowed to drain freely into the recipient's peritoneal cavity following transverse or longitudinal incision of the common bile duct. Exocrine secretion was suppressed either by duct ligation or by retrograde ductal injection of prolamine. Following enteric or urinary exocrine graft drainage, the architecture of both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas was perfectly preserved. Pancreatic juice had remarkably few adverse effects on the recipient's urinary tract. Obstruction of the exocrine secretion induced atrophy of the acinar cells, proliferation of small pancreatic ducts, and a typical fragmentation of the islets of Langerhans. Prolamine was biologically degraded within 28 days. Following free intraperitoneal drainage, spontaneous suppression of the exocrine graft function occurred early after transplantation. Metabolic signs of diabetes mellitus including hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, polydipsia, polyuria, and impaired glucose tolerance were completely normalized by pancreas transplantation irrespective of the surgical technique used. Despite fundamental differences in graft architecture no alteration of endocrine graft function was noted following vascularized pancreas transplantation by different surgical techniques.
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PMID:Comparison of graft morphology and endocrine function after vascularized whole-pancrease transplantation in the rat by different surgical techniques. 214 61

Preliminary data from our group indicated that cyclosporin A induced frequent remissions of insulin dependency in a group of 40 insulin-dependent (type I) diabetic children if given at the onset of clinical manifestations of diabetes. We report a 2-yr analysis of the response to cyclosporin A in the group of 81 patients included in the initial study. As observed before, a remission could be obtained in most of the patients (65%) in association with a shorter duration of symptoms, less severe hyperglycemia, lower incidence of ketoacidosis, and higher plasma C-peptide concentrations. All remissions ended during the follow-up period after a mean +/- SE duration of 316 +/- 21 days (range 31-850 days). Two parameters were linked to the duration of remissions: the mean circulating level of cyclosporin during the first 3 mo and the duration of prediagnostic polyuria. We were unable to relate the end of a remission to variations in the cyclosporin regimen, titer of autoantibodies, or progression of beta-cell failure. The euglycemic clamp technique revealed that insulin sensitivity decreases with time in patients not taking insulin. At 24 mo, the patients who had a remission of insulin dependency had better glycemic control, lower insulin dosages, and C-peptide levels two- to threefold higher than the nonremission patients and four- to sixfold higher than the historical control subjects. The cyclosporin regimen was well tolerated over the observed period: more specifically, serum creatinine remained unchanged, and kidney biopsies performed at 18-24 mo of treatment were within normal limits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1990 Oct
PMID:Limited duration of remission of insulin dependency in children with recent overt type I diabetes treated with low-dose cyclosporin. 221 78


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