Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We attempted to use CDDP for patients with advanced cancers of the gastrointestinal system by intra-arterial infusion, giving consideration to the side effects of CDDP. Of 19 cases treated with CDDP, 17 cases were evaluable. These 17 cases comprised 10 cases of gastric cancer, 1 of pancreatic cancer and 6 of colon cancer. Therapeutic effects were as follows. According to the criteria for judgement of solid cancers, there were 10 evaluable cases which comprised 1 case of PR, 2 of MR, 4 of NC and 3 of PD. According to the criteria for judgement of malignant ascites, there were 6 evaluable cases which comprised 4 effective and 2 non-effective cases. As to side effects, nausea and vomiting were observed in 10 cases, numbness in 1, fever in 1 and aggravation of diabetes in 2. From the above results, intra-arterial infusion of CDDP is considered to be an effective method for the treatment of advanced cancers of the gastrointestinal system, especially of malignant ascites.
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PMID:[Intra-arterial infusion of CDDP in advanced gastrointestinal cancer (combination of general chemotherapy)]. 395 80

The patient was a 37-year-old female teacher with hyperemesis diabeticorum and juvenile Type-I diabetes. At the age of 29 years, nausea and vomiting developed and secured at nearly weekly intervals. She was started on clotiazepam (15 mg/day). The vomiting was cured and psychological improvement was evident; her anxiety about diabetes was markedly reduced. An X-ray examination after the administration of clotiazepam showed that she was entirely free from marked hypoperistalsis and the severe retention of gastric contents which had been present before this treatment. The present case is a clear example of stress closely related to the pathogenesis of hyperemesis diabeticorum.
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PMID:Influence of an antianxiety drug on hyperemesis diabeticorum. 612 62

A Phase I trial of tricyclic nucleoside phosphate (1,4,5,6,8-pentaazaacenaphthylene-3-amino-1, 5-dihydro-5-methyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl 5'-phosphate ester; NSC 280594) was conducted using a 5-day continuous infusion schedule. Thirty-seven patients with advanced cancer were entered on the study, of whom 33 patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. Dose levels ranged from 10 mg/sq m/day X 5 days to 40 mg/sq m/day X 5 days. Initially, courses were repeated every 3 to 4 weeks. As cumulative toxicity became manifested, the interval between courses was changed to every 6 weeks. Major toxicities included hyperglycemia, hepatotoxicity, and thrombocytopenia. Patients with a prior history of diabetes mellitus, extensive radiation therapy, or significant liver metastases were prone to severe toxicity. Other toxicities noted were nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort, anemia, and reduction in serum calcium, phosphorus, and albumin levels. Rare side effects included hypertriglyceridemia, hyperamylasemia, diarrhea, and stomatitis. Antitumor activity observed include improvement in s.c. metastases in a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma, stabilization of disease in a patient with mesothelioma, and mixed responses in three patients (colon cancer, sarcoma, and tonsillar squamous cell cancer). Recommended schedule for Phase II studies is 20 mg/sq m/day for 5 days every 6 weeks.
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PMID:Phase I study of tricyclic nucleoside phosphate using a five-day continuous infusion schedule. 674 83

Plasma vasopressin was measured in seven insulin-treated diabetics during 24 h of insulin withdrawal to determine: 1) if abnormalities of the neurohypophysial-renal axis contribute to the dehydration of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus; and 2) the factors causing elevated levels of vasopressin in diabetic ketoacidosis. During the 24 h period of insulin withdrawal, blood glucose rose from 6.7 +/- 1.0 to 20.7 +/- 2.4 mmol/l, whereas plasma vasopressin was 3.6 +/- 0.5 pg/ml initially and in four patients showed little change. Markedly elevated levels of plasma vasopressin (17.8, 19.8 and 26.6 pg/ml) were observed in three patients following the onset of hypovolaemia, nausea and/or vomiting which are known to stimulate vasopressin release. Free water clearance was negative throughout the study in all patients. Thirst was not noted despite marked hyperglycaemia (16.9 +/- 2.5 mmol/l) until a significant fall in body weight of 0.9 +/- 0.2 kg had occurred (p less than 0.005). We concluded that marked elevation of vasopressin results from non-osmotic stimulation and that the mechanisms of body water conservation are overridden by the glycosuric diuresis.
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PMID:Plasma vasopressin during insulin withdrawal in insulin-dependent diabetes. 702 Dec 77

During August 1989-August 1994 at the referral-based obstetric practice of MacKay Memorial Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan, obstetricians saw 8 pregnant women with acute pancreatitis. All but 1 patient had gallstones and/or hyperlipidemia. None had ever been diagnosed with pancreatitis or gallstones in the past. None suffered from alcoholism. One woman was lost to follow-up at 33 weeks gestation. No pregnant woman died. Magnesium sulfate and nifedipine controlled preterm labor in 2 patients. Two women underwent cesarean section (fetal distress and elective). Pancreatitis struck all but 1 during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. One woman presented at 23 weeks gestation with loss of consciousness, abnormally low volume of circulating plasma in the body, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and a dead fetus. She also had diabetes mellitus which had gone untreated for 2 years. After spontaneous delivery of the dead fetus, she developed metabolic encephalopathy, sepsis, respiratory distress, and acute renal failure. She completely recovered and left the hospital 62 days after arriving. Physicians instituted conservative treatment for pancreatitis and a fat-restricted diet for hyperlipidemia. Labor was induced in 3 women after determining fetal lung maturity. Pancreatitis symptoms diminished after delivery. At 2 weeks postpartum, they underwent cholecystectomy. In fact, all but 3 women underwent cholecystectomy. Five patients had a fever greater than 38 degrees Celsius upon admission. Three patients were jaundiced. All 8 patients experienced nausea and/or vomiting and abdominal pain. Six women had low serum calcium levels. Only 1 had a serum lactic dehydrogenase level above 350 IU/L. Primiparous women were just as likely to develop pancreatitis during pregnancy as multiparous women. These findings suggest that early diagnosis and prompt treatment of acute pancreatitis are essential to a favorable outcome.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy. 766 Jul 65

Some diabetic patients--particularly those with nausea and vomiting--frequently have evidence of delayed gastric emptying while other diabetic patients may in fact exhibit accelerated gastric emptying. Whether the presence or absence of symptoms of upper gastrointestinal dysfunction correlated with objective measures of gastric emptying in insulin dependent diabetic subjects was investigated. Twenty one insulin dependent diabetic patients underwent a solid phase gastric emptying scintiscan using in vivo labelled chicken liver. Thirteen patients had symptoms suggestive of gastrointestinal dysfunction (nausea, vomiting, early satiety, or constipation), while eight patients had no gastrointestinal symptoms. Eleven patients had orthostatic hypotension. All patients had been diabetic since childhood or adolescence. As a group, the diabetic patients showed a half time (T50) of gastric emptying (mean (SD) 150.0 min (163.7) that was not significantly different from that of 12 healthy control subjects (148.1 min (62.4)). Those diabetic patients without gastrointestinal symptoms and without orthostatic hypotension, however, showed a gastric emptying half time (70.1 min (41.6)) that was significantly faster than that of the control subjects. Conversely, those diabetic patients with nausea, vomiting, and early satiety (or early satiety alone) showed T50 values that were significantly greater than those of the diabetic patients without these symptoms. No correlation was found between the T50 value and the duration of diabetes, the fasting blood glucose at the time of study, or the respiratory variation in heart rate (E:I ratio). These observations indicate that highly variable rates of gastric emptying occur in insulin dependent diabetic patients, and that accelerated gastric emptying may occur in diabetic patients who have no symptoms of gastrointestinal dysfunction.
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PMID:Highly variable gastric emptying in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 856 52

Twenty-six patients presenting with 33 episodes of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and managed on a protocol oriented system were analysed. Diabetes mellitus was newly diagnosed at presentation in 18% of the 33 episodes. The presenting symptoms were polyuria and polydipsia (58%), nausea and vomiting (52%), change in sensorium (24%), hyperventilation (24%), and abdominal pain (18%). The main clinical findings at admission were dehydration (97%), acidotic respiration (67%), coma and confusion (61%), a clinically detectable source of sepsis (49%), fever (33%) and hypotension (9%). Blood sugar levels at admission ranged between 351 mg/dl and 1200 mg/dl (mean = 633 mg/dl). The mean serum potassium at diagnosis was 5.1 mmol/l and the mean calculated serum osmolality was 320 mOsm/kg. The mean serum osmolality was higher in those with disturbed conscious level. Infections, particularly those of the urogenital tract, were the main precipitating cause for the DKA. Only 12 of the 19 patients with sepsis had fever. Eight of the episodes were attributed to patients' non-compliance with insulin. Four patients died during the 33 hospitalisations, giving a mortality rate of 10%. Death occurred despite glucose control and stabilisation of the ketoacidotic state and was due to uncontrolled septicaemia. The mean duration of hospitalisation was 11 days. The ketoacidosis state was reversed after a mean duration of 9.5 hours, with an average soluble insulin requirement per patient of 52.4 units.
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PMID:Diabetic ketoacidosis--a study of 33 episodes. 815 79

A patient-reported checklist was used to assess adequacy of dialysis as measured by 24-hour creatinine clearance in 40 patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis. The checklist consisted of 13 symptoms, each scored from 0-5 with 0 = absent and 5 = severe. The total possible score was 0-65. Patients completed the checklist at the time of 24-hour dialysate and urine collections (in those with residual function) for creatinine clearance (CrCl). Arbitrary grouping by total CrCl in liters/week/1.73 m2 placed patients in one of two groups: those with CrCl < or = 48 L/week (n = 12) and those with CrCl > 48 L/week (n = 28). Patient age, sex, diabetes mellitus, months on peritoneal dialysis, mode of peritoneal dialysis, and hematocrit were not different between the two patient groups. More patients with CrCl > 48 L/week had endogenous renal function (19/28 vs 2/12, p = 0.004). The median total scores for the two patient groups were not significantly different (17 in those with CrCl < or = 48 L/week vs 13.5 in those with CrCl > 48 L/week, p = 0.40). The correlation between total score and CrCl was negative in both patient groups and stronger in those with the lower CrCl (-0.55 vs -0.44). Nausea/vomiting, fatigue, and weakness were the best predictors of CrCl < or = 48 L/week (-0.53, -0.56, -0.49, respectively). The checklist can identify patients with low CrCl and may be useful for following patients over time and altering dialysis prescriptions.
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PMID:Patient-reported symptoms and adequacy of dialysis as measured by creatinine clearance. 839 70

A forty-six year-old premenopausal woman developed headache, nausea and vomiting, left hemiparesis and seizure two days after parenteral use of progesterone and estradiol. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was found during admission. Computed tomography showed a hemorrhagic infarct in the right frontal lobe and increased density in the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). Left carotid angiography found occlusion of the left internal carotid artery (ICA). Right carotid angiograms failed to show the SSS and inferior sagittal sinus, suggestive of venous sinus thrombosis. Coexistence of the cerebral artery and the venous sinus occlusion has been described infrequently. In this case, the authors postulate that the use of estradiol and progesterone and the underlying DM increased vascular thrombogenicity, which provided a common denominator for thrombosis of both the ICA and the venous sinus.
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PMID:Coexistence of cerebral venous sinus and internal carotid artery thrombosis associated with exogenous sex hormones. A case report. 863 76

The use of ondansetron, a selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, is well established in patients with nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy or anaesthesia and surgery. The wide distribution of 5-HT3 receptors in the body and the role of these receptors in disease have provided the rationale for investigation of ondansetron in novel applications. Preliminary data have shown ondansetron to have clinical benefit in patients with nausea and vomiting associated with drug overdosage or poisoning, anti-infective or antidepressant therapies, uraemia or neurological trauma, and in patients with pruritus. Patients with gastrointestinal motility disorders (e.g. carcinoid syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhoea associated with cryptosporidiosis or diabetes, and chronic refractory diarrhoea) have also shown some improvement when treated with ondansetron, as have patients with certain pain or CNS-related disorders [e.g. alcohol (ethanol) dependence, opiate withdrawal, vertigo, cerebellar tremor and Parkinson's disease treatment-related psychosis]. In contrast to conventional antiemetics, ondansetron is generally well tolerated with a lower incidence of sedation and only isolated case reports of extrapyramidal reactions. Furthermore, unlike dopamine receptor-blocking neuroleptics, ondansetron does not appear to worsen the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Thus, in addition to its established indications, preliminary results suggest that ondansetron may be beneficial in a number of novel applications. This drug may represent a treatment alternative in patients with refractory disease, or an effective treatment of conditions for which current therapies are either poorly tolerated or not available. Further investigation of ondansetron in a range of potential new applications appears to be warranted.
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PMID:Ondansetron. A review of its pharmacology and preliminary clinical findings in novel applications. 911 22


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